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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of interactions of electric fields due to electrostatic discharge with human tissue.

Electrostatic discharges (ESDs) produce in the human tissue very strong electric fields of short duration. Possible biophysical interactions are evaluated by comparing the fields in subcutaneous fat/skin to the thresholds for peripheral nerve stimulation, and by computations of membrane potential and electric fields in cytoplasm of a typical cell in bone marrow. It is found that a 4-A peak ESD event is capable of stimulation of nerves located in subcutaneous fat of the lower arm of the hand eliciting a spark, with tens of kV/m and pulse duration of approximately 80 ns. For the same ESD event, the transmembrane potential (TMP) reaches 32 mV with a pulse duration of approximately 200 ns (half-width duration). The electric field in the cytoplasm of a bone marrow cell changes from about 8.8 kV/m to--2 kV/m in about 200 ns.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cystic rheumatoid arthritis: description of a nonerosive form.

In a study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 9% (n = 70) were found to have a cystic form. At radiologic examination of these patients with cystic RA, the first abnormality seen consisted of periarticular intraosseous cysts without erosions. The cysts were distributed symmetrically, most often located at the proximal side of the joints and predominantly around the proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints of the hands and the first interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the feet. Computed tomographic scans showed the peripheral intraosseous location of the cysts. Magnetic resonance images showed that the cysts may contain fluid, inflamed synovia, or both. Cysts can be an important feature in the diagnosis of RA and a supplement to the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association. Osteoporosis, joint-space narrowing, and joint destruction occurred less frequently in patients with cystic RA than in patients with classic RA. Of the patients with cystic RA, 54% were male, and 50% were seronegative. This study is a supplement to and an enlargement on earlier descriptions of cyst predominance in RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Airway foreign body with clinical features mimicking bronchial asthma.

A 56-year-old Japanese male with persistent cough, stridor and diffuse wheezing for 6 months had obstructive pulmonary dysfunction and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine. Because of a poor response to glucocorticoid therapy and neutrophilia in the peripheral blood and sputum, chest computed tomography was performed and a plate-like tumor in the truncus intermedius was identified. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated a plate-like green-colored tumor firmly impacted into the truncus intermedius and diffuse inflammatory changes spreading to both main bronchi. A piece of 'kombu' (Japanese kelp) was successfully removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Pulmonary function and methacholine inhalation tests became normal after the removal of the foreign body. In this case, it is suggested that asthma-like symptoms were due to localized airflow limitation in the right bronchus as well as to AHR associated with diffuse airway neutrophilic inflammation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2006

An unusual cause of haemoptysis in a young male.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours are reported to occur in a variety of sites, including the head and neck, abdominal organs, central nervous system and urinary tract. They only rarely occur in the lung. We report a case of a 25-year-old male admitted with haemoptysis. His chest radiograph showed a peripheral right lung opacity and computed tomography revealed a right lower lobe soft tissue density mass. Bronchoscopy and fine needle aspiration were unhelpful. a diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma was made, and the patient underwent a right lower lobectomy. On pathology, the tumor was found to be an inflammatory pseudotumor. These lesion are extremely rare, constituting less than 1% of pulmonary malignancies, but are known to occur in young patients. We believe clinicians need to retain an index of suspicion for the presence of this disease in young patients, which can masquerade as more common malignancies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Comparative roles of microvascular and nerve function in foot ulceration in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative roles of different modalities of sensory nerve function (large and small fiber) and the role of microvascular dysfunction in foot ulceration in type 2 diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 20 control subjects and 18 type 2 diabetic subjects with foot ulceration and 20 without were studied. None of the subjects had clinical features of peripheral vascular disease. The Computer-Aided Sensory Evaluator IV (CASE IV) was used to determine vibration detection threshold (VDT), cold detection threshold (CDT), warm detection threshold (WDT), and heat pain onset threshold (HPO). Vibration perception threshold (VPT) was also assessed by a neurothesiometer. Microvascular function (maximum hyperemia to skin heating to 44 degrees C) was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry (mean maximum hyperemia using laser Doppler flowmeter [LDF(max)]), laser Doppler imaging (mean maximum hyperemia using laser Doppler imager [LDI(max)]), and skin oxygenation with transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO(2)). RESULTS: VPT, VDT, CDT, and HPO were all significantly higher in individuals with ulceration than in those without (VPT and VDT: P < 0.0001) (CDT and HPO: P = 0.01). LDF(max), LDI(max), and TcpO(2) were significantly lower in the two diabetic groups than in the control subjects, but there was no difference between individuals with and without ulceration. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed similar odds ratios for foot ulceration for VDT, CDT, HPO, and VPT (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.30-2.98], 1.58 [1.20-2.08], 2.30 [1.21-4.37], and 1.24 [1.08-1.42], respectively). None of the microvascular parameters yielded significant odds ratios for ulceration. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that there was no additional value in measuring small-fiber function with the CASE IV over measuring vibration by either CASE IV or the inexpensive neurothesiometer in discriminating between individuals with and without ulceration. Furthermore, none of the tests of microvascular function including the TcpO(2) were able to discriminate between individuals with and without ulceration, suggesting that such tests may not be of benefit in identifying subjects at greater risk of foot ulceration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Peripheral ophthalmoplegia as the only sign of late-onset fibrous dysplasia of the skull.

A 49-year-old woman presented with a left eye abduction-elevation defect and a bilateral internal rectus palsy of peripheral origin. Thyroid function, cranial computed tomographic scan, and cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal, as were the prostigmine test for myasthenia gravis and the guanidine hydrochloride test for myasthenic syndrome. Skull radiography showed osteosclerotic and osteolytic areas, with slight orbital distortion, and there was hyperactivity in an isotopic scan. A skill biopsy showed fibrous dysplasia. This case is an unusual example of fibrous dysplasia of the skull with neuro-ophthalmological symptoms but without ptosis, exophthalmos, or visual loss.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Primary pulmonary carcinoma in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify distinguishing characteristics between patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and primary lung carcinoma and patients with either IPF or carcinoma alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 24 patients with histologically proven usual interstitial pneumonia and lung carcinoma identified through a search of the Rochester Mayo Clinic database for 1990 to 1998. Medical records, radiographs, and histological slides were reviewed. Several variables including survival were compared in 2 control groups, IPF only and carcinoma only, by using various statistical methods. RESULTS: Our study group included 21 men and 3 women (mean age, 72.3 years). Twenty-two were past or current smokers. Approximately half of the lung carcinomas were incidental findings. Of the 14 patients with preoperative computed tomographic scans, 12 had peripheral tumors situated in areas of fibrosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type, accounting for 16 cases. Almost all patients underwent surgical treatment; nearly 40% developed postoperative complications, and 3 died within 30 days of surgery. The ratio of men to women in patients with IPF and carcinoma was 7:1 compared with 1:1 in patients with IPF only (P=.003). Patients with IPF and carcinoma were also older, with a mean age of 72.3 years compared with 64.4 years (P=.001), and were more often smokers (P=.002). Carcinomas involved the lower lobes in 42% of patients with IPF and carcinoma compared with 29% of patients with carcinoma only (P=.004) and were mainly composed of squamous cell carcinoma (P=.004). Mean survival in patients with IPF and lung carcinoma was 2.3 years after the diagnosis of IPF and 1.6 years after that of carcinoma. This finding did not differ significantly from survival of patients with either IPF or carcinoma alone. However, statistical power was limited. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma in patients with IPF arises in older male smokers and usually presents as peripheral squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis is poor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

New on-line parameters for analysis of dynamic foot pressures in neuropathic feet of Hansen's disease subjects.

Pressures on the foot during walking are affected by the weight of the person and the walking velocity. It is also found that both the magnitude and duration of the dynamic foot pressures are important in ulcer formation in the neuropathic feet of persons with Hansen's disease (HD). Therefore, new parameters, Normalized Peak Pressure (NPP) and Pressure Contact Ratio (PCR), are calculated from dynamic foot pressure data in 10 defined areas of the feet of 52 nonimpaired controls and 108 persons with HD with different pathologies, using a long barograph that could accommodate at least two foot prints in one walking cycle. Statistical study of these new parameters, for various classes of HD subjects, shows significantly different mean values in the foot areas and hence could aid the clinician in better diagnosis and therapy planning. The second part of the article deals with on-line calculations and gray scale display of these parameter transforms for all the points on the plantar surfaces of both feet in a way that could help the clinician in quick analysis and better management and care of neuropathic feet.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative bilateral morphometric characteristics of human finger bones].

The morphometric parameters of fingers of the hand in teenage girls were studied using the measurement complex developed by the author. The quantitative characteristics of distal phalangers, individual finger segments and the whole fingers as local anatomical structures belonging to hand, are presented. The analysis of these parameters was performed from the point of view of principles of bilateral and radial symmetry, structural and functional lateralization and evolutionary development of hand of the prehensile type. The results obtained may find application in designing the peripheral devices for telecommunication and computer techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The use of emakor in arterial ischemia of the lower extremities in outpatient practice].

Overall 43 outpatients with arterial ischemia of the lower limbs were treated by emakor, a new Soviet drug that exerts a concomitant alpha- and beta-blocking action. The treatment resulted in a remarkable positive effect which manifested itself in amelioration of circulation in the lower limbs, positive time-course of changes in peripheral hemodynamics and in computer-aided tomography data. The use of emakor is contraindicated in exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases associated with the obstructive syndrome, and marked signs of venous outflow obstruction in the lower limbs.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[Laser therapy of bronchial carcinoma].

Endobronchial laser-therapy is reviewed in perspective to other palliating modalities such as radio- and chemotherapy. Laser treatment is most suited for exophytic tumors of the trachea and larger bronchi. Favorable for reventilation of atelectases are: short duration of luminal obstruction patent peripheral bronchi as evidenced by computed tomography, exophytic growth in the main or intermediary bronchus. The intervention can be performed using either fiber optics or the rigid bronchoscope in one or more sessions. For processes in the trachea or the main bronchi the method of choice is a single treatment using the rigid instrument.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1996

Bone mineral density in pediatric patients after renal transplantation.

To evaluate the natural history of bone mineral density after successful renal transplantation (TPL) modulated by therapeutic strategies in pediatric patients we have studied peripheral and partially proximal quantitative computed radius tomography (XCT) differentiating between trabecular (TBD), cortical (CBD) and total bone density (BD) cross-sectionally in a group of 24 subjects (mean age 17.1 +/- 7.0 y, mean Scr 1.66 +/- 0.89), 66.1 months (5-260) post transplant and compared the results with 12 controls. After TPL median TBD was elevated (182.5 vs. 155.5 mg/cm3) whereas the opposite was true for CBD (361.8 vs. 437.8 mg/cm3). The physiologic age dependency of BD had got lost after TPL but could be reassumed by the measurement of proximal CBD. TBD correlated with the cumulative calcitriol dosage (r = 0.60, p < 0.05), bone alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), the Ca x P product (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and inversely with the time after TPL (r = -0.45, p < 0.05), but no significant correlation could be detected with the cumulative steroid dose. It was found to be higher in calcitriol treated than in vitamin D3 treated patients. Proximal CBD was inversely correlated with bone alkaline phosphatase (r = -0.71, p < 0.01) and intact PTH (r = -0.59, p < 0.05). In conclusion CBD in kidney grafted pediatric patients seems to be more or less reduced by secondary hyperparathyroidism whereas the increase of TBD appears to be induced by anticipated calcitriol treatment under dialysis regimen and gradually normalizes after TPL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Ex vivo evaluation of PPD-specific IFN-gamma or IL-5 secreting cells in the peripheral blood and lungs of patients with tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate ex vivo purified protein derivative (PPD) specific Th1- and Th2-type functional responses in human tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: IFN-gamma and IL-5 secreting cells were measured by a computer-assisted ELISPOT assay in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary TB, in patients with other respiratory diseases (control patients) and in tuberculin skin test negative or positive healthy controls. Moreover, the number of IFN-gamma or IL-5 spots was assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of five patients with advanced TB and lung inflammation. RESULTS: The frequency of PPD-specific IFN-gamma secreting cells in TB patients was higher than in control patients and healthy subjects. Although the number of PPD-specific IL-5 spots was low, a trend towards a higher frequency was observed in the peripheral blood of TB patients. Patients with advanced TB and lung inflammation had an increased number of both PPD-specific IFN-gamma and IL-5 spots in BAL as compared to that in peripheral blood, but the IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratio was about two-fold lower. CONCLUSIONS: In human TB, the host response in the periphery is driven by a specific Th1-type cytokine response, whereas in the lungs of patients with advanced disease and lung inflammation, polarisation towards a Th2-like bias is observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thermographic imaging of cutaneous sensory segment in patients with peripheral nerve injury. Skin-temperature stability between sides of the body.

Sensory examination based on the patient's subjective assessment of symptoms may raise difficult questions about whether the individual's expressed complaint is based on organic nerve damage, psychogenic factors, or even malingering. A prototype computerized telethermograph has allowed clinical quantification of peripheral nerve injury. The system makes possible mapping and imaging of the damaged area, as well as skin temperature measurements. In normal persons, the skin temperature difference between sides of the body was only 0.24 degree +/- 0.073 degree C. In contrast, in patients with peripheral nerve injury, the temperature of the skin innervated by the damaged nerve deviated an average of 1.55 degrees C (p less than 0.001). The new technique requires further refinement, but it appears that use of this method may be cost-effective in helping to resolve medicolegal conflicts concerning peripheral nerve injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative evaluation of cochlear neurons and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral ganglion cells in humans with a peripheral loss of nerve fibres.

Quantitative data on human cochlear neuronal elements were collected from various regions in five patients with high-tone hearing loss due to presbycusis and in two patients with normal hearing. The number of nerve fibers was assessed in the spiral lamina and in the inner acoustic meatus together with counts of spiral ganglion cells. The results show that the number of neurons decreased peripherally, i.e., with increasing distance from the central nervous system in patients with high-tone hearing loss due to presbycusis. In two patients with normal hearing no significant difference in the number of neurons was found in the lamina spiralis as compared to the inner acoustic canal. Computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction of the human spiral ganglion displayed large bipolar neurons (type I cells), but also large ganglion cells with one missing axon. The results may indicate that a slow retrograde degeneration occurs from the periphery towards the spiral ganglion in presbycusis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of freshly fixed human spiral ganglions displayed interneural connections. It is speculated whether a trophic supply from other neurons at the level of the spiral ganglion can prevent or delay further degeneration of the central axon.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiparameter interpretative reporting in diagnostic laboratory hematology.

Accurate diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies (acute leukemias and chronic lymphoproliferative disorders) requires a multiparameter approach including peripheral blood analysis, bone marrow examination, and immunophenotyping. We have designed knowledge-based computer systems for interpretation of the hemogram and peripheral blood smears, analysis of flow cytometric immunophenotyping panels, and morphologic assessment of bone marrow specimens. The 3 modules share a relational database which includes pertinent clinical history in addition to the laboratory results. The bone marrow module automatically writes a complete interpretative report with a final diagnosis by searching all of the databases for appropriate clinical, peripheral blood, and immunophenotyping information. The ability of the 3 modules to interact, and the quality of the interpretative reports were tested on 100 consecutive patients with leukemia. The final diagnosis made by the bone marrow system agreed with the hospital diagnosis in 94 cases and the authors' interpretation in 99 of 100 cases.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1990

Modeling shifts in perceived spatial frequency between the fovea and the periphery.

A quantitative multiple-channels model can account for changes in perceived spatial frequency between foveally and peripherally viewed patterns; these frequency shifts are as large as 0.47 octave (38.5%). Factors that change as a function of eccentricity and that can alter the appearance of visual patterns include (1) scaling of receptive-field sizes, (2) overall sensitivity, and (3) steepness and nonlinearity of contrast-transfer functions (CTF's). Computations based on receptive-field size scaling, combined with fixed perceptual labels, predict higher perceived spatial frequency for peripheral patterns. Computations based on reduced sensitivity, however, predict the opposite result and thus partially offset the effect of receptive-field size scaling. The predicted perceived-frequency shifts based on changes in CTF's are quite small and can be ignored. Both individual differences and visual-field-location differences in magnitudes of perceived-frequency shifts are predicted by the model. An alternative perceptual explanation based on size-distance invariance and size constancy is also evaluated.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Allo-activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets: new ultrastructural findings based on computer-assisted image analysis.

Primary allo-stimulation induces substantial and differentiated modifications in the development of cytoplasmic organelles of peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets. The present computer-assisted image analysis provides evidence that the CD4+ subset undergoes significant increase in organelle density after stimulation, while the CD8+ subset exhibits a post-stimulation organelle development proportional to the cell size. Each immunological subset contains two distinct patterns of cytoplasmic organization, here defined as type I (containing a few cytoplasmic organelles) and type II (with well-developed synthesis and storage organelles). On the basis of these findings cytologic parameters could be ascribed to a heterogeneous proliferation of functionally distinct T-cell clones in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗