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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Polyandrous females avoid costs of inbreeding.

Why do females typically mate with more than one male? Female mating patterns have broad implications for sexual selection, speciation and conflicts of interest between the sexes, and yet they are poorly understood. Matings inevitably have costs, and for females, the benefits of taking more than one mate are rarely obvious. One possible explanation is that females gain benefits because they can avoid using sperm from genetically incompatible males, or invest less in the offspring of such males. It has been shown that mating with more than one male can increase offspring viability, but we present the first clear demonstration that this occurs because females with several mates avoid the negative effects of genetic incompatibility. We show that in crickets, the eggs of females that mate only with siblings have decreased hatching success. However, if females mate with both a sibling and a non-sibling they avoid altogether the low egg viability associated with sibling matings. If similar effects occur in other species, inbreeding avoidance may be important in understanding the prevalence of multiple mating.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative trait loci and interaction effects responsible for variation in female postmating mortality in Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia introgression lines.

Mating appears to inflict a cost to Drosophila females, resulting in a reduction of their lifespan shortly after mating. Males from different chromosome extracted lines differ significantly in their detrimental effects on postmating female survival, and seminal fluid proteins produced in the male accessory glands are at least partially responsible for the effect. This suggests that there is a genetic basis underlying the male inflicted effect on female's postmating mortality. However, the genes responsible for this effect remain elusive. Using males from introgression lines between D. simulans and D. sechellia genomes and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach, we identified chromosomal regions that affect postmating mortality of females. We found a second chromosome QTL with an effect on average female lifespan after mating and a third chromosome QTL with an effect on postmating female mortality rate. Under the general observation of a faster divergence of sex-related genes among closely related species, it is predicted that genes for reproductive traits other than hybrid sterility will show evidence of epistatic effects when brought into a heterospecific background. We detected a significant epistatic genetic effect on postmating female mortality rate that supports this prediction.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Relationship satisfaction and conflict over minor and major issues in romantic relationships.

In this study the question of whether conflicts over minor issues and over major issues were equally strongly related to satisfaction in romantic relationships was examined. Sixty-four women and 29 men completed the Hendrick (1988) Relationship Assessment Scale for their current main romantic relationship and a 12-item conflict scale (Cramer, 2000b) for minor and major issues. All the relationships were heterosexual. Satisfaction was significantly and equally negatively correlated with conflict over minor and major issues, suggesting that whether an issue is of major or minor importance does not affect satisfaction or dissatisfaction in a romantic relationship. Thus, assessing conflict over major issues may be unnecessary in predicting relationship satisfaction. Conflict over minor and major issues was significantly and positively correlated even when satisfaction was controlled, indicating consistency in conflict resolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Self-monitoring and future time orientation in romantic relationships.

The author examined the relationship between self-monitoring and participant's gender, and future time orientation in romantic relationships (FrORR) and tested the concurrent validity of the FTORR scale in this respect. One hundred seventy-three undergraduate students from Middle East Technical University were given M. Snyder's (1974) self-monitoring scale and B. Oner's (2000b) FTORR scale. Low self-monitoring participants had a more extended future time orientation (FTO) than high self-monitoring participants in terms of romantic associations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Sexual satisfaction in premarital relationships: associations with satisfaction, love, commitment, and stability.

This investigation focused on how sexual satisfaction is associated with relationship quality and stability in premarital couples. With data collected at multiple times over several years from a sample of heterosexual couples (who were all dating at Time 1), we examined how sexual satisfaction was associated with relationship satisfaction, love, commitment, and stability. At each wave of the study, sexual satisfaction was associated positively with relationship satisfaction, love, and commitment for both men and women. In addition, change in sexual satisfaction between Time 1 and Time 2 was associated with change over the same period in relationship satisfaction, love, and commitment. Furthermore, some evidence was found that sexual satisfaction was associated with relationship stability. Overall, sexual satisfaction had stronger links with relationship quality for men than for women.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The experience, expression, and perceived appropriateness of emotions across levels of relationship development.

Emotion experience and expression in romantic relationships were investigated. We predicted (a) a curvilinear relationship between level of relationship development and intensity of emotion experience, (b) a curvilinear relationship between level of relationship development and intensity of emotion expression, and (c) a linear relationship between level of relationship development and perceived appropriateness of emotion expression. Two hundred one student and community respondents completed an emotion survey assessing a positive and negative emotion incident they had experienced, the intensity of experience, expression, and degree of appropriateness. Level of relationship development was operationalized by length of relationship. Confirmation for the first two hypotheses was found for negative emotions only. Perceived appropriateness of emotion expression did not vary across levels of relationship development for either negative or positive emotions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Romantic love and the spouse selection criteria of male and female Korean college students.

Authors of previous studies have shown that men tend to be more romantic than women and that men and women differ in the qualities they value in potential marriage partners. That research has tended to focus on Americans. In this study the hypotheses that men are more romantic than women and that men and women differ in the qualities they value in potential marriage partners were tested with Korean college students as subjects. The results suggest that men are more romantic than women and that women and men differ in their mate selection criteria. A subset of that sample was used to determine the extent to which parental involvement in marriage decisions is considered legitimate. A secondary purpose of the study was to explore the impact of certain linguistic and cultural variables, particularly those involving major life decisions (such as marriage), on the interpretation of such results.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of couple- and family-initiated marriages in Turkey.

In this study, differences between individuals involved in couple- and family-initiated marriages were investigated with respect to educational background, relationship duration, context and nature of interactions with partner, degree of perceived disclosure, and ratings of different reasons for marriage. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of Turkish men and women who applied for a marriage license for their first marriage. The results revealed differences between individuals involved in the two kinds of marriages, in terms of background variables as well as context of interaction with partner and cognitions concerning the relationship.

Adolescent↗