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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Immunocorrective treatment in mandibular fractures in inhabitants of the European North].

Consolidation of mandibular fragments in 120 patients with fractures of different location was evaluated by clinical, x-ray, and functional methods (rheography and myography). After conventional treatment the fragments consolidated in 34.5 +/- 0.6 days in unilateral fractures and in 39.3 +/- 0.7 days in bilateral fractures. After combined therapy including immuno-correcting and vasodilating agents recovery was attained 4-5 days earlier.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

[The health of the command officer staff doing their service in Polar regions].

Initial referral (not considering dental diseases) for the last 4 years was analyzed in servicemen from the Northern Fleet, group of navy specialists serving in Headquarters was investigated. Anamnesis and central hemodynamic parameters were studied in casual sample (388 senior officers), special questionnaires were used to determine intensity of service activity. According to the data obtained during the last 4 years level of morbidity, hospitalization and disability (without dental diseases) in servicemen constituted 857.01%, in Headquarters senior officers it was 488.77%, hospitalization level was 40.14% and 18.05% respectively; disability level constituted 259.77% and 127.06%. Distribution of persons investigated in the groups according to category of working intensity was the following: the 1st (low working intensity)--0%, the 2nd (middle working intensity)--35.6%, the 3rd (intensive work)--61.3%, the 4th (high working intensity)--3.1%. Good health level was established in the group of senior officer staff. The results obtained allow to conclude that in conditions of Kol'sky Zapolarie morbidity can be decreased approximately in 1.75 times.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Predictors of behavior and performance in extreme environments: the Antarctic space analogue program.

BACKGROUND: To determine which, if any, characteristics should be incorporated into a select-in approach to screening personnel for long-duration spaceflight, we examined the influence of crewmember social/ demographic characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and characteristics of station physical environments on performance measures in 657 American men who spent an austral winter in Antarctica between 1963 and 1974. METHODS: During screening, subjects completed a Personal History Questionnaire which obtained information on social and demographic characteristics, the Deep Freeze Opinion Survey which assessed 5 different personality traits, and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) Scale which measured 6 dimensions of interpersonal needs. Station environment included measures of crew size and severity of physical environment. Performance was assessed on the basis of combined peer-supervisor evaluations of overall performance, peer nominations of fellow crew-members who made ideal winter-over candidates, and self-reported depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Social/demographic characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and characteristics of station environments collectively accounted for 9-17% of the variance in performance measures. The following characteristics were significant independent predictors of more than one performance measure: military service, low levels of neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and a low desire for affection from others. CONCLUSIONS: These results represent an important first step in the development of select-in criteria for personnel on long-duration missions in space and other extreme environments. These criteria must take into consideration the characteristics of the environment and the limitations they place on meeting needs for interpersonal relations and task performance, as well as the characteristics of the individuals and groups who live and work in these environments.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of cold acclimatization of grass frogs on the heat resistance of their somatic muscles in summer].

During cold acclimation (+5 degrees C) of the grass frog Rana temporaria L. changes in heat resistance were observed for six of seven skeletal muscles examined. Changes in the resistance of different muscles were directed differently. Low-resistant muscles demonstrated an increased resistance, wheras high-resistant muscles showed a decrease resistance. Within 24 hours of acclimation, all the muscles demonstrated totally decreased heat resistance. By the end of acclimation (30 days), the resistance of muscles increased to approach the initial level. On the background of those situation changes, seasonal changes in resistance of muscles proceeded.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2000

[Will the use of still image electronic referrals save costs?].

BACKGROUND: The use of still images in an electronic referral makes it possible for patients with uncomplicated skin disorders to receive treatment at their local health clinic by their own physician. The aim of this study was to analyse whether investing in technology to forward still images via telemedicine is cost-effective and to assess how many municipalities in the counties of Troms and Finnmark that have a sufficient workload to reach this requirement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The additional costs of using still images were compared to patient travel costs to the University Hospital of Tromsø. RESULTS: The results showed that whether the use of still image telemedicine is cost-effective or not, depends on distance and annual workload. Given the assumption in this study, 18 out of 44 municipalities have a sufficient number of patients with a dermatological problem to make telemedicine cost-effective. INTERPRETATION: Less than half of the municipalities in the two northernmost counties have an efficiency potential in using still images. However, telemedicine may be justified because it save time for patients and it increases equal access to care.

Cold Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The finding of a cestode in the little auk Alle alle on Franz Josef Land].

One of 14 dovekeys (Alle alle) investigated in August 1993 on Hooker Island (Franz Joseph Land) was found to harbour a single specimen of an early immature dilepidid cestode attributed as Alcataenia sp. The rostellum bears a double crown of 22 hooks, 0.025-0.027 mm in length. Except Threlfall (1971) there was no information concerning dovekey's parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Special features of actual nutrition and nutritional status of children living in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District].

Actual nutrition of children living at boarding-school of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district and also characteristics of their health, such as capacity for work, vitamin metabolism, physical development and activity of bio-oxidant systems of organism have been studied. The obtained results have become the basis for developing scientifically substantiated principles of creating balanced nutrition ration with antioxidant properties for the children living at the Far North.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Predisposing factors and prevention of frostbite.

This review focuses on the physiological, behavioural and environmental factors which predispose to frostbite. Also prevention of frostbite is summarised. Predisposing factors may increase heat loss, decrease heat production, decrease the insulation of the clothing, make people especially susceptible to cold or make them to behave inadequately. Marked increase in convective or conductive heat loss is often the immediate reason for frostbite. Wind (as described by wind chill index) increases convective heat loss and touching of metal objects increases conductive cooling. Poor insulation of the clothing is also a common reason of frostbite. The insulation can be insufficient when clothing is wet, tight, permeable to wind or does not cover the cold sensitive body parts. Individual factors predisposing to frostbite are inadequate behaviour, low physical fitness, fatigue, dehydration, earlier cold injuries, sickness or poor circulation in peripheral parts of the body. Frostbite is often associated with the use of alcohol. To prevent frostbite, it is necessary to recognise cold risks, practise tasks in the cold, eat and drink well, have physical exercise, have sufficient clothing (also spare clothing), change into dry clothing if necessary and take care of companions. In the cold it is not advisable to get fatigued until exhaustion, sweat excessively, use tight and/or wet clothing, drink alcohol, smoke and expose oneself unnecessarily to wind, metals or fluids.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Some aspects on death in the cold and concomitant frostbites.

The most important risk factors and findings of acute accidental hypothermia and concomitant local frostbites are reviewed. Both external and internal risk factors are usually present when exposure to cold is leading to death. The external factors are alcohol and psychic drugs, too light a clothing for the circumstances and wetness. Important internal factors are leanness, physical exhaustion and traumas in young persons and illnesses and degeneration of physiological heat conserving and production responses at old age. The signs caused by cold on the body are variable. In immersion hypothermia cases there are almost no changes, since the death occurs rapidly, most frequently from drowning. On the victims of dry frost first degree congelations, showing up as purple oedematic skin areas or spots, can be observed on the face and extremities. Stress ulcerations or haemorrhages in the stomach mucosa develop in ca. 70% of dry hypothermia cases. In long lasting exposures to cool temperature haemorrhagic pancreatitis, lung oedema and myxomatous skin oedema have been the characteristic signs. Frostbites developing concomitantly with fatal hypothermia show only oedema and hyperaemia, but no blisters or inflammation in the skin, which are the most conspicious vital reactions of frostbites after thawing.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

Antarctic medicine, 1775-1975. I.

An historical review is made of Antarctic medical practice, which is unique because of the absence of an indigenous population. This review begins with the primitive shipboard practice of doctors accompanying Captain James Cook around 1775 and concludes with the modern era of permanent stations and vast scientific endeavour. The heroic era of Scott, Shackleton, Amundsen and Mawson and the highly mechanized transition period are contrasted with the present day. Medical practice on modern expeditions has reached a high standard, but there is still much to be learned concerning human adaptation. Comment is made on the possible utilization of Antarctica's natural resources bringing increases in polar populations and facilitating the expansion of medical research in the future era of polar medicine.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

The identification, examination and exploration of Antarctic subglacial lakes.

At the floor of the Antarctic ice sheet, 4 km below the Russian research base Vostok Station, lies a 2,000 km3 body of water, comparable in size to Lake Ontario. This remote water mass, named Lake Vostok, is the world's largest subglacial lake by an order of magnitude (Figure 1). Despite ice-surface temperatures regularly around -60 degrees C, the ice-sheet base is kept at the melting temperature by geothermal heating from the Earth's interior. The ice sheet above the lake has been in existence for at least several million years and possibly as long as 20 million years. The origins of Lake Vostok may therefore data back across geological time to the Miocene (7-26 Ma). The hydrology of Lake Vostok can be characterised by subglacial melting across its northern side, and refreezing over the southern section. A deep ice core, located over the southern end of the lake has sampled the refrozen ice. Geochemical analysis of this ice has found that it comprises virtually pure water. However, normal glacier ice contains impurities such as debris and gas hydrates. Subglacial melting and freezing over Lake Vostok may, therefore, leave the lake enriched in potential nutrients issued from the melted glacier ice. Many scientists expect microbial life to exist within the lake, adapted to the extreme conditions of low nutrient and energy levels. Indeed microbes have been found in the basal refrozen layers of the ice sheet. If Lake Vostok has been isolated from the atmosphere for several million years by the ice sheet that lays above it, the microbes within the lake must also date back several million years and may have undergone evolution over this time, yielding life that may be unique to Lake Vostok. Plans are currently being arranged to explore Lake Vostok and other Antarctic subglacial lakes, and identify life in these extraordinary places. Before this happens, however, much more needs to be known about the ice-sheet above subglacial lakes, and the rocks and sediment below them.

Antarctic Regions↗