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PubMed2026

Bipolar circumcision with mucocutaneous plane separation: A safe, precise, blood-sparing, dressing-free approach.

Conventional circumcision techniques may result in bleeding, limited control of the mucosal collar, and the need for dressings. We describe a modified bipolar technique enabling near-bloodless dissection with precise mucosal trimming. Following bipolar division of the preputial skin, the inner mucosa is separated using two forceps and retracted proximally, creating a protective plane for safe skin adjustment. The mucosal collar is trimmed with scissors. The wound is closed with sutures and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, avoiding dressings. This technique has been performed in 55 consecutive cases (median age: 2 years and 2 months; range: 0 days-17 years and 5 months) with no reported complications over a median follow-up of 2 years and 7 months (range: 3 months-4 years and 1 month).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA methodology through July 2025 that evaluated the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 agonists for the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Efficacy endpoints were change in body weight (kg), change in body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), and change in HbA1c (%). The safety endpoint was gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects. A P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and heterogeneity was reported as I2. DATA SYNTHESIS: Six studies were included in this systematic review, of which 4 trials were included in the meta-analysis. The difference found between GLP-1 agonists and placebo was a change in weight of -5.85 kg (P = 0.0622, 95% CI = -9.72 to -1.97), a change in BMI of -2.11 kg/m2 (P = 0.7692, 95% CI = -5.51 to 1.29), and a change in HbA1c of -1.58 (P = 0.6659, 95% CI = -4.75 to 1.58). The overall risk ratio for a patient to experience a GI-related adverse effect when taking a GLP-1 agonist compared to placebo was 1.83 (95% CI = 1.42 to 2.37). RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE: While the efficacy endpoints did not reach significance, this meta-analysis shows that select GLP-1 receptor agonists may be used to promote weight loss in patients taking antipsychotics. Controlling antipsychotic-induced weight gain helps patients remain adherent to therapeutic doses of their antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSION: The use of certain GLP-1 agonists may be considered to help promote weight loss in patients experiencing antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications for Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

AIMS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) for long-term weight maintenance following initial weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to 31 October 2025. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AOMs with placebo during the weight-maintenance phase in adults with overweight or obesity after initial weight loss achieved through lifestyle, dietary, surgical or pharmacological interventions. Outcomes included anthropometric indices, cardiometabolic measures, safety endpoints, quality of life and neuropsychiatric adverse events. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs), each with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were pooled for continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively, using fixed-effect or random-effects models as appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261293040). RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs comprising 4915 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, AOM therapy during the weight-maintenance phase was associated with prevention of weight regain and additional improvements in anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. AOMs led to further reductions in body weight (BW, WMD: -8.68 kg, 95% CI: -13.25 to -4.11), waist circumference (WC, WMD: -7.16 cm, 95% CI: -10.34 to -3.98) and body mass index (BMI, WMD: -3.58 kg/m2, 95% CI: -5.69 to -1.46). Additional benefits were observed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with AOMs, whereas serious adverse events were not significantly increased. Neuropsychiatric adverse events were generally comparable between groups, and available quality-of-life measures favoured AOM treatment. CONCLUSIONS: AOM therapy during the weight-maintenance phase can help prevent weight regain, provide further reductions in body weight and improve cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with overweight or obesity. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with AOMs, whereas serious adverse events were not significantly increased. Further long-term trials are needed to clarify optimal treatment strategies and safety.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Enhancement flavor quality in Zhao'an Baxian oolong tea through enhanced turning-over process.

A systematical investigation on the effects of turning-over intensity on the flavor formation of Zhao'an Baxian oolong tea (ZBT) was performed, through a comparative analysis of heavy turning-over (HT) and light turning-over (LT) treatments in this study. The tea samples were subjected to proteomic and metabolomic analyses, combined with quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and electronic sensory (E-tongue/E-nose) evaluation. The results demonstrate that HT significantly reduced the content of bitter and astringent compounds, such as catechins and flavonol glycosides, while promoting the accumulation of umami-related amino acids. Concurrently, HT enhanced the biosynthesis of key floral and fruity volatiles, such as β-ocimene, geraniol, benzaldehyde, jasmone by activating stress-responsive metabolic pathways. These coordinated biochemical changes, driven by enzyme-catalyzed reactions in response to prolonged mechanical wounding and environmental stress, collectively improved the overall sensory profile of ZBT. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for improving ZBT production, with clear implications for quality control and flavor-oriented product development.

Tea↗

PubMed2026

Editorial Commentary: Stiff Patients After Rotator Cuff Repair: How Many Had Underrecognized Preoperative Adhesive Capsulitis?

Stiffness after rotator cuff repair is one of the most common sources of disability and one of the most common complications. Smoking, diabetes, Workers' compensation status, and traumatic tears are among the strongest risk factors. This is important information in setting appropriate expectations for both the patient and the surgeon preoperatively. Some of these factors are also associated with preoperative stiffness, so surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion for concomitant adhesive capsulitis in patients presenting with limited motion, particularly in diabetic and non-English speaking populations. In cases where both a rotator cuff tear and adhesive capsulitis coexist, performing a concurrent capsular release or manipulation during the index procedure may improve functional outcomes and reduce the necessity for secondary surgical intervention.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Clustering patterns of behavioral and metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Iran: findings from a national STEPS survey.

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality in Iran, driven by behavioral and metabolic risk factors that frequently co-occur. OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of co-occurring behavioral and metabolic NCD risk factors among Iranian adults and characterize their demographic and socioeconomic correlates. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 16,618 adults aged ≥25 years who participated in Iran's 2021 nationally representative STEPS survey. Thirteen behavioral and metabolic variables, including physical activity, nutrition score, smoking frequency, alcohol intake, salt intake, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid markers, were entered into a K-means clustering analysis. Clusters were characterized by their risk profiles and demographic/socioeconomic attributes. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between cluster membership and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Five distinct behavioral-metabolic clusters emerged. The smokers-drinkers (SD) cluster (3.1%) comprised mostly older, less-educated men with high smoking and alcohol use. The healthy-low-risk (HLR) cluster (40.3%) showed favorable profiles and included younger, more educated individuals. The physically active (PA) cluster (6.6%) was characterized mainly by younger men with markedly high physical activity levels. The dyslipidemic (DLP) cluster (26.0%) exhibited high dyslipidemia and overweight prevalence, while the hypertensive-diabetic (HTD) cluster (24.0%) had the highest obesity, hypertension, and diabetes rates, common among older urban adults. CONCLUSION: Behavioral and metabolic NCD risk factors in Iran formed five distinct co-occurrence patterns. Nearly half of adults belonged to metabolically high-risk clusters, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies that combine lifestyle interventions with screening and management of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Single nucleus multiomics reveals an early inflammatory response to high-fat diet in mouse islets.

In periods of sustained hyper-nutrition, pancreatic β-cells undergo functional compensation through transcriptional upregulation of gene programs driving insulin secretion. This adaptation is essential for maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. Using single nuclei multiomics, we have mapped the early transcriptional adaptive mechanisms in murine islets of Langerhans exposed to high-fat diet (HFD) for 1 and 3 wk. We show that β-cells exhibit the largest transcriptional response to HFD, characterized by early activation of pro-inflammatory eRegulons and down-regulation of β-cell identity genes, particularly in a distinct subset of β-cells. These observations extend to humans, where the prevalence of an β-cells with a high inflammatory signature is increased in diabetes. Collectively, these observations point to cellular crosstalk through pro-inflammatory signaling as a central and early driver of β-cell dysfunction that limits the compensatory capacity of β-cells, which is closely linked to the development of diabetes.

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PubMed2026

The impact of alcohol sale restrictions on unnatural deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in Johannesburg, South Africa.

The COVID-19-related restrictions on the sale of alcohol in South Africa presented a unique opportunity to examine the association between alcohol availability and the prevalence of unnatural deaths. The study sample included all unnatural deaths investigated by the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Services Medico-Legal Laboratory during the four COVID-19 alcohol restriction periods compared to the same time periods in the previous year when there were no restrictions. When alcohol sales were initially prohibited, there was a 54.2% decrease in cases of unnatural deaths (p < 0.05), suggesting a link between alcohol use and the occurrence of such deaths. Over all four periods of alcohol sale bans, there was a total reduction of unnatural deaths by 26.4% with declining frequencies in all demographics. There were significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the frequency of deaths in males, Black and Coloured individuals, and the 21-40 years age group. Deaths whose circumstances were a result of motor vehicle accidents, pedestrian vehicle accidents, and firearm discharges decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The cause of death due to blunt forces trauma and gunshot wounds also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). This study highlights the significant impact alcohol consumption has on mortality in South Africa.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Oral semaglutide for weight loss and liver fibrosis in overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a leading risk factor for fatty liver disease and weight loss has been shown to improve liver parameters. This study evaluates the efficacy of oral semaglutide for weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity, excluding those with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted at the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, from June 2022 to December 2023. Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups. Both groups received counselling on a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Group 1 also received oral semaglutide, starting at 3 mg/day and titrated to 14 mg/day over two to four weeks. The objectives were to assess the effects of semaglutide on weight loss, non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis and cardiometabolic parameters. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05442450). RESULTS: Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study. At 28 weeks, the mean percentage weight reduction was -10.47% (SD 5.3) in the Semaglutide group vs. -2.4% (SD 4.5) in the control group (p < 0.001). Semaglutide treatment significantly improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) levels, along with reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, liver fat content and liver stiffness. However, NFS (NAFLD fibrosis score) and FIB-4 (fibrosis-4 index) did not show significant reductions. Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001). Total fat mass decreased by 7.3 kg vs. 1.74 kg (p < 0.0001) in controls, while visceral fat ratings dropped by 3.67 vs. 0.6 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide, combined with dietary and lifestyle modifications, led to significant and clinically meaningful weight loss and metabolic improvements compared to lifestyle modifications alone.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylome dynamics during caudal fin regeneration in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus).

Caudal fin regeneration in teleost fish is a complex, multi-stage process involving coordinated molecular and cellular changes. While the role of epigenetic regulation particularly DNA methylation has been studied in model freshwater species such as zebrafish, its contribution to regeneration in marine teleosts remains largely unexplored. In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and DNA methylomic data to characterize the temporal dynamics of gene expression and methylation during caudal fin regeneration in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). Using RNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) at three biologically critical time points 1, 3, and 7 days post-amputation (dpa), we characterized the spatiotemporal molecular landscape of caudal fin regeneration. These time points capture the key transitional phases of wound healing and inflammation (1 dpa), blastema formation and progenitor proliferation (3 dpa), and regenerative outgrowth with tissue remodeling (7 dpa), enabling robust detection of the major molecular programs underlying epimorphic regeneration. Concurrently, CG-methylome analysis identified thousands of dynamically changing differentially methylated regions (DMRs). A strong global inverse correlation was observed between promoter methylation and gene expression. Integrative analysis pinpointed key regeneration genes (fgf20a, msxb, sox9b) whose expression was associated with dynamic methylation changes in their promoters or gene bodies. We conclude that DNA methylation is a dynamic and key regulatory layer that acts in concert with transcriptional reprogramming to coordinate tissue regeneration, providing new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying complex regenerative processes in teleosts.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Hybrid robotic transversus abdominis release (hrTAR) for complex ventral hernias: a systematic review and preliminary synthesis.

Hybrid robotic transversus abdominis release (hrTAR) combines robotic posterior component separation with a planned limited open phase. Evidence supporting this strategy is sparse. Following PRISMA 2020, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD420261303285). Eligible studies reported hrTAR outcomes for ventral or incisional hernia repair. Findings were synthesized narratively; no pooled effect estimates were calculated. Three reports contained 85 hrTAR cohort entries. Because two reports came from the same institution and overlap could not be excluded, this total should not be interpreted as a unique-patient count. Surgical-site outcomes were heterogeneous: two reports used SSO endpoints (4% and 5%), whereas another reported surgical-site events in 25% of patients, including seroma and wound infection. Mean length of stay ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 days; the sample-size-weighted mean across studies reporting means was 2.9 days. One propensity-matched comparison reported shorter hospitalization and lower 30-day SSO with hrTAR than open TAR. No perioperative deaths or recurrences were reported during limited follow-up. hrTAR appears feasible in selected patients, but available evidence is exploratory. Standardized prospective multicenter studies with non-overlapping cohorts and longer follow-up are needed before comparative effectiveness, economic value, or wider adoption can be supported.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Assessment of Surgical Salvage Outcomes for Exposed Cranial Neuromodulating Devices.

OBJECTIVES: Implanted neuromodulating devices (NMDs) such as cochlear implants (CIs) and deep brain stimulators (DBSs) are commonly used in modern medicine. Rarely, complications arise post-operatively, including hardware exposure. Traditional teaching suggests that these devices require removal if exposed; however, surgical salvage is a high risk, high reward alternative. We review our single institution experience managing NMD exposure with surgical salvage. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on individuals who had a NMD implanted and underwent an attempt at surgical salvage for exposure during the study period (January 01, 2021 through December 31, 2023). Study outcome success was defined as maintaining a functional NMD 1 year after salvage was attempted. Surgical techniques associated with successful salvage were compared. RESULTS: Nine of 729 patients (1.2%) implanted with NMDs experienced hardware exposure during this 2-year study period. Nine subjects were referred for NMD salvage; however, only 6 of 9 subjects (66.7%, CI = 3; DBS = 3) underwent NMD salvage attempts. Four of the subjects had successful salvage demonstrated successful salvage with a functioning NMD and without wound healing concerns 1 year after their salvage procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Classic teaching states that exposed NMDs require explantation. However, this approach necessarily imposes time without benefit from the NMD between explantation and reimplantation. Our experience demonstrates that surgical salvage can be a successful alternative for the majority (66.7%) of individuals.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Nurse-led acute care post-operative interventions in adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review.

AIMS: The primary aim of this systematic review was to identify nurse-led clinical interventions evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for adults who had undergone cardiac surgery. The secondary aim was to assess the effectiveness of these interventions on post-operative clinical and patient-reported outcomes during the acute inpatient phase. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic review was undertaken according to an a priori protocol using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA guideline for reporting. Eligible studies were RCTs of adult (≥18 years) cardiac surgery, nurse-led inpatient interventions implemented immediately post-surgery and prior to discharge. Six databases were searched from inception to June 2025. Of 2690 records, 19 RCTs were eligible, representing 13 countries, and 3142 participants. Risk of bias varied, with only two low-risk trials. Interventions were grouped into seven domains: behavioural support; temperature management and comfort strategies; pain and symptom management; wound care; infection prevention; respiratory and pulmonary function; and post-operative recovery, mobilization, and hydration. Across these domains, nurse-led interventions were generally feasible, safe, and positively affected patient comfort, physiological stability, symptom relief, and aspects of functional recovery. CONCLUSION: Nurse-led inpatient interventions contribute meaningfully to inpatient post-operative recovery in cardiac surgery, although the broader cardiac surgical nursing scope is underrepresented in RCTs. This review provides a foundation for developing further high-quality research, peer-reviewed interdisciplinary practice guidelines, and strengthening the scope and recognition of cardiac surgical nursing as a distinct specialty. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO-CRD420251063851.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A machine learning-derived and functionally validated circadian rhythm signature predicts clinical outcomes and in silico drug sensitivity in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) displays considerable heterogeneity in clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for reliable prognostic biomarkers. While the aberrant expression of circadian rhythm-related genes has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, its comprehensive role in CRC progression and predicted therapeutic vulnerabilities remains inadequately characterized. METHODS: Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data were integrated from multiple CRC cohorts. A circadian rhythm signature (CRS) was developed through machine learning algorithms and validated for prognostic value. Comprehensive analyses of tumor microenvironment, genomic alterations, and drug sensitivity were performed. Furthermore, the biological function of the core gene, BHLHE40, was validated in CRC cell lines through CCK-8, EdU, and wound healing assays. RESULTS: Single-cell analysis demonstrated an elevated expression signature of circadian rhythm-related genes in dendritic cells. The optimized CRS, comprising 14 circadian rhythm-related genes, successfully categorized patients into high- and low-risk groups. Patients with a high CRS showed markedly poorer overall survival and computationally inferred immunosuppressive features, including reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and increased M2 macrophage polarization. Genomic analysis revealed enhanced mutation burden in TP53 and alterations in RTK-RAS/WNT pathways. Notably, in vitro assays confirmed that BHLHE40 is significantly overexpressed in CRC cells. Knockdown of BHLHE40 markedly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration. Drug sensitivity profiling identified bexarotene and SMER-3 as potential therapeutic options for high-CRS patients. A nomogram integrating CRS with clinical parameters demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: The CRS represents a promising prognostic biomarker that reflects tumor immune status and genomic features, providing valuable insights for personalized treatment strategies in CRC.

Circadian rhythm↗

PubMed2025

The molecular mechanism of cuproptosis and research progress in pancreatic diseases.

PURPOSE: Cuproptosis has been proven to be a novel mode of cell death, distinct from other types of cell death such as necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis. This study aims to systematically review the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis in recent years and its research progress in pancreatic diseases. METHODS: By searching PubMed and Web of Science databases, 113 key literatures were included for thematic analysis, covering the molecular mechanism of cuproptosis and its role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, acute and chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, pancreatic cyst, pancreatic injury and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. RESULTS: Cuproptosis refers to the accumulation of copper ions in cells, which leads to instability of ferritin and aggregation of acylated proteins, resulting in oxidative stress-related cell death. Recent studies have shown that cuproptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatic cancer, acute and chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, pancreatic cysts, pancreatic injuries and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. The inducers of cuproptosis, such as disulfiram, chloroquinolones, and perilla phenols, alleviate pancreatic cancer by promoting cell cuproptosis. Copper chelators such as tetraethylenepentamine and tetrathiomolybdate promote the recovery of pancreatic injury by inhibiting cell cuproptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Cuproptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases. Further research on the cuproptosis pathway may become a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

How do women with a history of childhood sexual abuse experience the preconception and perinatal period? A qualitative systematic review.

CONTEXT: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a public health issue that predominantly affects women and has both short- and long-term consequences. The perinatal period can represent a challenge, but also an opportunity to identify a history of CSA and to provide sensitive care that may help prevent the intergenerational transmission of trauma. AIM: To describe and understand the experiences and coping strategies of women who are survivors of child sexual abuse and are transitioning to motherhood. METHOD: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies according to a protocol registered in PROSPERO, following methodological standards and reporting the results according to the ENTREQ guideline. A search was conducted on five databases up to July 2025. Two authors independently selected the articles and assessed their methodological quality. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis and the confidence in the findings was evaluated according to GRADE-CERQual. RESULTS: We included 21 qualitative studies that resulted in six themes. The findings reveal how women who experienced child sexual abuse and are transitioning to motherhood may experience this stage with ambivalence-ranging from revictimisation to identity reconstruction-where perinatal care emerges as a potential healing vehicle throughout this process. CONCLUSIONS: The perinatal period becomes a window of opportunity to heal deep wounds, with perinatal care playing a key role. The findings support trauma-informed perinatal care, underpinned by reflective practice and a holistic approach. Further work is needed to improve the identification of child sexual abuse, enhance professional training and review current practices to ensure sensitive care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A randomized study of antibiotic prophylaxis after hypospadias repair in children.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Antibiotic resistance is a challenge in contemporary world. Urethroplasty for hypospadias is one of the most common urological surgeries performed around the world, yet, there is still no consensus on the use of antibiotics pre- and post-operatively. Our objective was to analyze the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy before, during, and after hypospadias repair in children. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial was carried out including patients with coronal hypospadias who underwent urethroplasty performed by one surgeon. Urethral catheters were used in all cases for 10 days. Study participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a single intraoperative administration of antibiotics (Group I); an intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy for 10 days until the removal of urethral catheter (Group II); no antibiotic administration (Group III). Randomization was performed using computer-generated permuted blocks with randomly varying block sizes, prepared by an independent statistician. The results were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The following criteria were compared: postoperative functional complications, such as: urethral fistula, stenosis, diverticulum; wound infection symptoms: hyperemia of surgical site, pain during palpation, and symptomatic urinary tract infection. RESULTS: A total of 300 patients were included in the study. Two patients (2%) in Group I, two patients (2%) in Group II, and four patients (4%) in Group III had urethral fistulas, requiring surgery 6 months after primary repair, yet without statistical difference between groups. We found no significant difference in frequency of symptomatic UTIs between three groups (p = 0.182). CONCLUSION: There is no effect of antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy on the frequency of postoperative surgical and infectious complications after urethroplasty for coronal hypospadias repair in children.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Novel environmental contaminant 6PPD-quinone promotes malignant phenotypes in colorectal cancer cells and identifies candidate response-associated genes.

6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), an oxidative transformation product of the widely used tire antioxidant 6PPD, is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant with bioaccumulation potential and widespread human exposure. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates a positive association between urinary 6PPDQ levels and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, its biological effects on CRC-related phenotypes and associated molecular responses remain unclear. We integrated bioinformatics analysis, prognostic modeling, molecular docking and dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments to investigate cellular and molecular responses to 6PPDQ in CRC models. Predicted 6PPDQ targets were intersected with CRC prognosis-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas, followed by functional enrichment and LASSO regression to construct a prognostic risk model, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUC values of 0.727, 0.754, and 0.778, respectively. Molecular docking and 100-ns molecular dynamics simulations suggested interactions between 6PPDQ and candidate proteins, including CPT2, SHC2, SRMS, and STK35. Functional assays showed that 6PPDQ exposure altered proliferation, wound-closure capacity, and invasion in Caco-2 and HCT116 cells across the nanomolar concentration range, with non-monotonic and cell-line-dependent responses. In contrast, NCM460 cells showed no increase in EdU incorporation at 10 or 100 nM, whereas reduced proliferation at higher concentrations was accompanied by increased LDH release. 6PPDQ also altered the expression of several prognosis-associated candidate genes. These findings identify cellular phenotypes and candidate molecular responses associated with 6PPDQ exposure under the tested in vitro conditions, but do not establish their causal roles or in vivo relevance. Further mechanistic and in vivo studies are required.

Humans↗