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PubMed1997

Syndrome of microcephaly, facial and hand abnormalities, tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, and developmental delay.

We report on six new families (12 new patients) with the syndrome of microcephaly, facial and hand abnormalities, tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, and developmental delay. The most common findings were hand abnormalities, microcephaly, short and/or narrow palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. There is a significant amount of intrafamilial variability especially as it relates to the gastrointestinal findings. Although the first patients reported, who were very young, did not exhibit any developmental delay, they subsequently did develop learning problems, and 87% of our 12 patients had mental retardation or learning difficulties.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2005

Normalization in families raising a child who is medically fragile/technology dependent and developmentally delayed.

The authors combined and analyzed parent data from two field studies examining family experiences in raising children who were both medically fragile and developmentally delayed or disabled to compare these families' experiences to published attributes of normalization. Normalization is usually considered a useful conceptual and coping strategy for families of children with chronic conditions, but it has not been examined in families whose children have both complex physical and developmental disabilities. Developmental delays compounded the effects of the children's physical chronic conditions, severely affecting how families organized and managed their daily lives, with the result that families did not fit currently established attributes of normalization. Instead, parents recognized normal and positive aspects of their lives while acknowledging the profound challenges that their families faced. Parents concluded that it was possible to have a good life that was not necessarily normal by usual standards.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

[Developmental delay of school beginners with resulting partial performance limitations].

There is an incomplete degree of school maturity in approximately ten per cent of our school beginners because of developmental delays which may have genetic or psychosocial causes or may be caused by an infantile cerebral dysfunction. A consequence of these developmental delays are the partial disturbances of performance frequently resulting in failure at school. An early registration of the partial disturbances of performance is important for the prognosis of these children in order to prevent the development of secondary unbalanced behaviour. Moreover an after maturation of the damaged cerebral centres can be reached by early support.

Achievement↗

PubMed1993

[Developmental delay in beginning students with resultant partial learning disorders].

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed1980

An operant procedure for improving vocabulary definition performances in developmentally delayed children.

This report describes a training program in which operant procedures were used to improve the identification and definition of selected vocabulary words in three developmentally delayed children. Generalization from the training words was well established, as determined by responses to untrained vocabulary performance words. The results of this procedure suggest its application with other developmentally delayed children.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Correlates of maternal directiveness with children who are developmentally delayed.

Interactions between 25 mothers and their children with developmental delays were correlated to determine the relationships between maternal directiveness and a) maternal behavior regarded as developmentally facilitative, b) maternal intrusiveness, and c) child developmental competence and behavioral engagement. The findings, many of which challenge common conceptions about the nature and role of maternal directiveness, are discussed in relation to these conceptions and to the potential role of directiveness in the development of children with handicaps.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Lack of expression of XIST from a small ring X chromosome containing the XIST locus in a girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay.

A 46,X,r(X) karyotype was found in a three and a half year old girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay. The clinical findings were consistent with the phenotype described in a limited number of patients with small ring X chromosomes lacking the XIST locus, a critical player in the process of X chromosome inactivation. Surprisingly, in our patient, fluorescent in situ hybridisation demonstrated that the XIST locus was present on the ring X. However, expression studies showed that there was no XIST transcript in peripheral blood cells, suggesting that the ring X had not been inactivated. This was confirmed by the demonstration that both of the patient's alleles for the androgen receptor gene were unmethylated, and that both of the patient's ZXDA alleles were expressed. The active nature of the ring X would presumably result in overexpression of genes that may account for the developmental delay observed for the patient. Using polymorphic markers along the X chromosome, the ring X was determined to be of paternal origin with one breakpoint in the long arm between DXS8037 and XIST and one in the short arm in Xp11.2 between DXS1126 and DXS991. To attempt to determine why the XIST gene failed to be expressed, the promoter region was sequenced and found to have a base change at the same location as a variant previously associated with nonrandom X chromosome inactivation. This mutation was not seen in over one hundred normal X chromosomes examined; however, it was observed in the paternal grandmother who did not show substantial skewing of X chromosome inactivation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1990

The Miller Assessment for Preschoolers: clinical use with children with developmental delays.

In this pilot study, we investigated the clinical use of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP) (Miller, 1982) with a sample of children with suspected or confirmed developmental delays. A retrospective chart audit was performed for 95 subjects, 30 girls and 65 boys, 34 to 68 months of age. Clinically related diagnoses were classified into six medical/developmental groups and a no-diagnosis group. When an analysis of variance was used to compare the six medical/developmental groups with the no-diagnosis group, some of the MAP score patterns differed significantly (p less than .01). These score patterns provide preliminary evidence for the MAP's effectiveness in screening children with developmental delays.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1992

Congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizure, extreme growth failure with developmental delay and dysmorphic features--another case of this new syndrome.

A 4-year-old Saudi female child with extreme failure to thrive, striking dysmorphic features, developmental delay, congenital hypoparathyroidism, UTI, seizures, chronic otitis media, chronic non-specific gastroenteritis and repeated life-threatening infections was followed from birth. She was the product of first-cousin consanguineous marriage. She had striking facies with frontal prominence, deep-set eyes, depressed nasal bridge, beaked nose, long philtrum with thin upper lip, micrognathia, large floppy ears, bifid uvula, and growth retardation with SD score less than -2 for height, weight and head circumference. We believe these features which include congenital hypoparathyroidism, severe growth failure and developmental delay in the absence of chromosomal abnormality represent a newly described genetically determined syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2005

Menstrual and contraceptive issues among young women with developmental delay: a retrospective review of cases at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.

OBJECTIVES: To define the clinical characteristics of, and management options offered to, young women with developmental delay referred to The Hospital for Sick Children gynecology clinic in Toronto for menstrual suppression and contraception. To review the primary caregiver concerns and preferences with regards to menstruation and contraception. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of hospital records of young women with developmental delay referred to the gynecology clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto from 1998 to 2003. RESULTS: A total of 72 charts were reviewed from clinic visits between 1998 to 2003. Ages range from 8 to 17 years with an unknown cause of their cognitive disability in 44% and medium to high support needs in the majority. Forty-three percent were still premenarcheal when first brought to the gynecology clinic by their families or caregivers. The main reason for consult was menstrual-related in 90%, with concerns related to hygiene and problems coping. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers often approach physicians for menstrual suppression prior to menarche with a primary concern of personal hygiene. Medical suppression of menstruation can be successfully achieved. Depo-Provera was the most commonly prescribed and accepted method of menstrual suppression within our population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Children at risk: perinatal events, developmental delays and the effects of a developmental stimulation program.

This paper reports the findings of two studies done between 1977 and 1981 in the Philippines. The first study examined the performance of 911 children, with histories of perinatal risk events, on a restandardized Philippine (Metro-Manila) version of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) which was developed in 1980. This study established that the children performed significantly below Philippine norms. A second study, cognizant of the findings of the first, introduced nursing interventions designed to address some needs of preterm infants and their mothers. Findings suggest that development stimulation can significantly improve the developmental status of preterm infants.

Child↗

PubMed2003

An analysis of a developmentally delayed young girl. Coordinating analytic and developmental processes.

Clinical material is presented from a multi-year treatment of a five-year-old girl with a variety of developmental interferences, making it necessary to consider whether standard technique would suffice. History includes the fact that she was adopted five days after birth and told as early as possible about her adoption; she was placed in a restrictive brace from four months to twenty months because of congenital hip displasia. Sandy's ability to let in the outside world was limited by her intense denial, not looking, not taking in, and by her detachment. Her passivity--whether a defense (modeled on her experience of physical restraint) or an arrest--was a formidable obstacle to the development of active transference moments. I use this case as an opportunity to look at the role of developmental sequences in the context of the analytic process. While I consciously did not do anything different than I would with any child analytic patient, I intuitively stressed certain kinds of interventions.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2003

A population-based study of the effects of birth weight on early developmental delay or disability in children.

Improving medical treatment of extremely low-birth-weight infants over the last 20 to 30 years resulted in increased survival rates. The developmental sequela of salvaged infants is of great interest to perinatologists. The primary purposes of the current study were to assess the effect of birth weight (BW) on developmental delay or disability (DDD) in the first three years of life and determine whether there is a BW threshold below which all infants should be evaluated to determine if intervention services for children with DDD should be received. Three statewide databases were merged: 1998 Birth Vital Statistics; 1997-1998 Medicaid eligibility files; and 1998-2001 Children's Medical Services' Early Intervention Program (CMS-EIP) data. Infants who died within the first year of life and plural births were excluded. The final dataset consisted of 170,874 records. A child was determined to have a DDD if a developmental delay, or an established condition, such as sensory impairment, genetic, metabolic, neurological, or severe attachment disorders, was diagnosed through a multidisciplinary evaluation. Logistic regression models were used to relate BW to DDD, controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and perinatal variables. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated to describe the effects of BW on DDD. There was a significant effect of BW on DDD (Adjusted OR &equals 97.50, 40.01, 15.84, 3.29, 1.39, 1.00, 1.52 for BW categories 450-749, 750-999, 1000-1499, 1500- 2499, 2500-2999, 3000-4749, 4750-6050 g, respectively). In these categories, 70%, 56%, 36%, 11%, 4%, 3%, and 6% of surviving singleton infants, respectively, suffered a DDD in their first 3 years of life. Four medical, five sociodemographic, and two behavioral factors were significant in addition to BW. An equation for predicting the probability of DDD given these factors was obtained, and its use exemplified. BW is strongly associated with DDD. Over 60% of infants weighing < 1000 g and nearly half (46%) of those weighing < 1500 g at birth are diagnosed with a DDD before 3 years of age. The probability of DDD for a specific infant also varies by sociodemographic, other perinatal, and behavioral factors. The results of this paper suggest that all surviving infants of BW < 1000 g, and perhaps < 1500 g, should be automatically referred for evaluation.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1987

Predicting and understanding developmental delay of children of adolescent mothers: a multidimensional approach.

Divergent literatures on potential relationships among psychological, biological, and contextual factors that may contribute to mental retardation and other types of developmental delay in the children of adolescent mothers were reviewed. A linear model was proposed to describe the direct and indirect effects of learning ability, maternal health, social support, personal adjustment, cognitive readiness for parenting, and infant characteristics on adolescent parenting and child development. Because the validity of the model can be determined through the use of causal modeling (LISREL), it holds the potential for determining a unique set of risk factors that may produce developmental delay in children of adolescent mothers. These factors can serve as the targets in designing intervention programs for such mothers.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Developmental delay in students starting school and possibilities for detection in preschool screening by the public health office].

There is an incomplete degree of school maturity in approximately ten per cent of our school beginners because of developmental delays which may have genetic or psychosocial causes or may be caused by an infantile cerebral dysfunction. A consequence of these developmental delays are the partial disturbances of performance frequently resulting in failure at school. An early registration of the partial disturbances of performance for example at pre-school medical check-ups is important for the prognosis of these children. The examination scheme of the Public Health office Schweinfurt is presented.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2000

Third ventricle enlargement and developmental delay in first-episode psychosis: preliminary findings.

BACKGROUND: Third rather than lateral ventriculomegaly may be a more specific finding in psychosis. The relevance of ventricular abnormality remains unclear. AIMS: To investigate the developmental correlates of ventricular enlargement. METHOD: Information on childhood development and magnetic resonance images in 1.5-mm contiguous sections were collected on 21 patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis. RESULTS: Patients (n = 21) had significantly less whole brain volume and enlarged third and lateral ventricles compared to controls (n = 25). Third ventricle (r = 0.48, P < 0.03) and lateral ventricle (r = 0.65, P < 0.01) volumes correlated with developmental score. Patients with developmental delay had significantly larger third and lateral ventricles than those without. CONCLUSIONS: Enlargement of both third and lateral ventricles is found in first-episode psychosis and is related to developmental delay in childhood. Insult to periventricular areas is relevant to the neurobiology of the disease. These findings support the view that schizophrenia involves disturbance of neurodevelopmental processes in some patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Entry behavior and emotion regulation abilities of developmentally delayed boys.

This study investigated the social deficits of developmentally delayed children. Participants were 48 five-year-old to eight-year-old boys. Delayed children (n = 20) were compared with nondelayed children of similar chronological age (CA nondelayed; n = 20) and of similar mental age (n = 8). The behavior and emotion regulation strategies of participants were assessed in an analogue entry situation. Delayed children were just as able as nondelayed children to understand the play themes of others but were more intrusive in delivering their entry attempts. Delayed children appeared to have less effective emotion regulation strategies for coping with entry failure and were more likely to increase their use of disruptive entry strategies over time than CA nondelayed children.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1987

Developmentally delayed musical savant's sensitivity to tonal structure.

A developmentally delayed, musically gifted child with no formal musical training was asked to repeat passages on the piano. Analysis of responses to melodies in each of the 24 major and minor keys indicated sensitivity to aspects of diatonic structure exhibited by mature listeners.

Child, Preschool↗