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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Mutations in SID2, a novel gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cause synthetic lethality with sic1 deletion and may cause a defect during S phase.

SIC1 encodes a nonessential B-type cyclin/CDK inhibitor that functions at the G1/S transition and the exit from mitosis. To understand more completely the regulation of these transitions, mutations causing synthetic lethality with sic1 Delta were isolated. In this screen, we identified a novel gene, SID2, which encodes an essential protein that appears to be required for DNA replication or repair. sid2-1 sic1 Delta strains and sid2-21 temperature-sensitive strains arrest preanaphase as large-budded cells with a single nucleus, a short spindle, and an approximately 2C DNA content. RAD9, which is necessary for the DNA damage checkpoint, is required for the preanaphase arrest of sid2-1 sic1 Delta cells. Analysis of chromosomes in mutant sid2-21 cells by field inversion gel electrophoresis suggests the presence of replication forks and bubbles at the arrest. Deleting the two S phase cyclins, CLB5 and CLB6, substantially suppresses the sid2-1 sic1 Delta inviability, while stabilizing Clb5 protein exacerbates the defects of sid2-1 sic1 Delta cells. In synchronized sid2-1 mutant strains, the onset of replication appears normal, but completion of DNA synthesis is delayed. sid2-1 mutants are sensitive to hydroxyurea indicating that sid2-1 cells may suffer DNA damage that, when combined with additional insult, leads to a decrease in viability. Consistent with this hypothesis, sid2-1 rad9 cells are dead or very slow growing even when SIC1 is expressed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Cause specific mortality patterns among the oldest old: multiple cause of death trends 1968 to 1980.

Trends in sex specific mortality from six conditions (hip fracture, septicemia, pneumonia, cancer, heart disease, and stroke) were examined for the period 1968 to 1980 to determine if recent increases in life expectancy at advanced ages were associated with significant shifts in the pattern of cause specific mortality at those ages. Changes in life table parameters were assessed both at birth and age 85 to determine if the relative significance of certain conditions had increased or decreased at advanced ages. In particular, I examined whether three conditions (hip fracture, septicemia, pneumonia), often viewed as being associated with mortality among debilitated persons, had increased in the proportion of deaths they affected at advanced ages and if there had been changes in the mean age at death for persons with these conditions. I also examined trends in the mortality rates of three conditions (heart disease, stroke, cancer) that often are viewed as primary disease processes with high mortality risks. Overall there seemed to be little evidence that mortality for conditions associated with a debilitation had increased markedly at later ages.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Coronary risk factors and excess mortality from all causes and specific causes.

Data from two Italian rural cohorts of the Seven Countries Study are used to examine the relationship between level at entry to the study of some coronary risk factors and subsequent mortality. The target follow-up period of 15 years after entry to the study is complete. Causes of death are classified according to standard criteria and age-adjusted rates are calculated. The analysis shows that blood pressure and smoking are risk factors that explain a substantial amount of total mortality, whereas serum cholesterol seems to be a specific risk factor for coronary mortality. The excess risks of death attributable to blood pressure, smoking, serum cholesterol and also the estimated risk of death are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The sperm-mucus interface: patterns of disorder in the diagnosis of specific causes of penetration failure causing infertility.

In 94 infertile couples with negative postcoital tests (PCTs) the results of an in-vitro sperm-mucus invasion test (SMIT) were compared with seminal analysis (excluding sperm density less than 1 x 10(6)/ml) and agglutination assays for antisperm antibodies in semen (MAR, TAT) and in mucus (TAT). Abnormalities at the sperm-mucus interface were classed into three types. (i) Failure to form semen clefts and of spermatozoa to colonize the clefts was closely correlated with oligo-asthenoteratozoospermia, and vice versa, the two tests agreeing in 90% of cases (P less than 0.001). Most of the discrepancies, in which sperm-dense clefts developed despite low sperm counts, were due to antisperm antibodies in semen. (ii) Failure of spermatozoa to invade mucus, despite normal sperm colonization of clefts, was closely correlated with the presence of antisperm antibodies in semen (positive MAR or TAT), and vice versa, the tests agreeing in 81% of cases (P less than 0.001). (iii) Failure of sperm survival after normal invasion of mucus could not be correlated significantly with the TAT results on mucus, but more extensive study of this question is needed. Finally a normal SMIT result was associated with a significantly improved chance of conception (39 versus 10% at 12 months), particularly with artificial insemination, suggesting undisclosed coital failure as the cause of the negative PCT. In conclusion, the invasion test, when assessed in the foregoing detail, offers a reliable and simple substitute for laboratory assessment of both seminal quality and the presence of antisperm antibodies in semen, and would be applicable in general infertility practice everywhere.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1994

Syphilitic endometritis causing first trimester abortion: a potential infectious cause of fetal morbidity in early gestation.

This report describes a 30-year-old woman with a history of prostitution and "crack" cocaine use during pregnancy. After an incomplete abortion at 11 weeks' gestation, a suction dilatation and curettage of uterine contents was done. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphoplasmacytic deciduitis and decidual necrosis, as well as rare first trimester chorionic villi. Silver staining using the Steiner technique showed numerous spirochetes, morphologically consistent with Treponema pallidum, in the decidualized endometrial tissues. This case of syphilitic endometritis, which appears to be the first reported, suggests that treponemal infection can cause fetal morbidity during early gestation.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1989

Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. (formerly CDC group DF-2), a cause of septicemia following dog bite, and C. cynodegmi sp. nov., a cause of localized wound infection following dog bite.

CDC group DF-2 is the vernacular name given to a slow-growing gram-negative bacterium that causes septicemia and meningitis in humans. Infections frequently (one-third of cases) occur following dog bites or close contact with dogs or occasionally with cats. Splenectomy and alcoholism appear to be strong predisposing factors for DF-2 infection. In addition to 150 DF-2 strains received for identification, we received 9 DF-2-like strains; 6 were isolated from wound or eye infections, 3 of which were associated with dog bites and 1 of which was associated with a cat scratch, and 3 were isolated from dog mouths. The major characteristics of DF-2 include production of acid but no gas from lactose and maltose and usually D-glucose; positive reactions for oxidase, catalase, arginine dihydrolase, gliding motility, and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside; growth enhanced by serum and by incubation in a candle jar atmosphere; and negative reactions for sucrose, raffinose, inulin, melibiose, nitrate reduction, indole, and growth on MacConkey agar. DF-2-like strains had the same characteristics, except that acid was formed from sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and melibiose. By the hydroxyapatite method, DNAs from 12 DF-2 strains were 88% related in 60 degrees C reactions and 84% related in 75 degrees C reactions. Related sequences contained 0.5 to 1.5% unpaired bases (divergence). Three DF-2-like strains were 73 to 80% related at 60 degrees C (with 2.0 to 2.5% divergence) and 68 to 75% related at 75 degrees C. The relatedness of DF-2 and DF-2-like strains was 19 to 31% at 60 degrees Celsius and 13 to 19% at 75 degrees Celsius. The relatedness of DF-2 and DF-2-like strains to Capnocytophaga species was 4 to 7%. The DNA relatedness date indicate that eh DF-2 and the DF-2-like strains are separate, previously undescribed species. Both groups are phenotypically and genetically distinct from Capnocytophaga species, although they do share several characteristics with Capnocytophaga species, including cellular morphology, gliding motility, cellular fatty acid composition, enhancement of growth in a candle jar atmosphere, and G+C content. The new species differ from Capnocytophaga species by their positive oxidase and catalase reactions. We chose to avoid creating a new genus and proposed the names Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. for group DF-2 and C. cynodegmi sp. nov. for the DF-2-like strains.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adrenal insufficiency caused by bilateral adrenal metastases -- a rare treatable cause for recurrent nausea and vomiting in metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms in patients with malignant disease. Several, sometimes rare causes have to be considered to decide the right treatment. CASE REPORT: We report of a patient suffering from advanced breast cancer and complaining of severe nausea and vomiting over several weeks without any successful treatment. Later on, she developed marked hyperpigmentation of the skin and hypo-osmolar dehydration. Adrenal enlargement was noted in an abdominal scan. The suspected diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency due to metastases was confirmed by laboratory tests. After replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, the general condition of the patient improved dramatically and the symptoms of nausea and vomiting disappeared completely. CONCLUSION: If a patient with advanced cancer presents with unexplained and protracted nausea, vomiting and weakness, particularly if accompanied by hyponatremia and normal potassium levels, adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal metastases should be considered.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil refining and petrochemical industry: Part V--Asbestos-caused cancers and exposure of workers in the oil refining industry.

In the oil refining and petrochemical industries exposure to cancer-causing asbestos particles, especially during equipment repair and maintenance, is very high. Up to 90% of workers in the oil refining industry had direct and/or indirect contact with asbestos, and more than half of this contact occurred without the use of any kind of precaution, thus these workers are in high risk of developing lung cancer and mesothelioma, both fatal diseases. The hazards include: inadequate health and safety training for both company personnel and workers, failure to inform about the dangers and diseases (cancers) resulting from exposure to asbestos; excessive use of large numbers of untrained and uninformed contract workers; lack of use of protective equipment; and archaeological approaches and responses to repairing asbestos breaks and replacement of asbestos in oil refining facilities. For a better understanding of practices and policies in the oil refining industry, refer to Rachel Scott's Muscle and Blood, in particular the chapter "Oil" (E.P. Dutton, New York, 1974), as well as to an editorial which appeared in the Oil and Gas Journal, April, 1968.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1998

A homozygous inactivating mutation in the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor causing Blomstrand chondrodysplasia.

We describe a patient with Blomstrand chondrodysplasia, a lethal genetic disorder characterized by extremely advanced endochondral bone maturation, in whom a homozygous missense mutation is present in the gene coding for the PTH/PTHrP receptor that leads to the substitution of a proline for a leucine in the N-terminal portion of the receptor (P132L). PTH-induced cAMP accumulation was severely reduced in COS-7 cells expressing P132L receptors compared to that of cells expressing wild-type receptors, and PTH-induced inositol phosphate accumulation was not detectable in cells expressing the mutant receptor. Similar results were obtained using PTHrP as an agonist. Maximal specific binding of radioiodinated [Tyr36]PTHrp(1-36) by cells transfected with the P132L receptor was < 10% of that observed for cells transfected with the wild-type receptor. Despite the reduction in radioligand binding to P132L receptors, the intensity and distribution of the fluorescent signal resulting from the expression of receptors fused to GFP were similar for cells transfected with the wild-type and mutant P132L receptors, suggesting a similar degree of cell surface expression. These results firmly establish the role of abnormalities in the PTH/PTHrP receptor in the pathogenesis of Blomstrand chondrodysplasia, and thereby confirm the importance of signaling through the PTH/PTHrP receptor in human fetal skeletal development. Because the amino-acid mutated in the patient described here is otherwise conserved in all mammalian class II G protein-coupled receptors, this abnormality may provide insights into structural features needed for the normal function of this family of receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Disease-causing mutations in proteins: structural analysis of the CYP1B1 mutations causing primary congenital glaucoma in humans.

In this communication, we report an in-depth structure-based analysis of the human CYP1b1 protein carrying disease-causing mutations that are discovered in patients suffering from primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The "wild-type" and the PCG mutant structures of the human CYP1b1 protein obtained from comparative modeling were subjected to long molecular dynamics simulations with an intention of studying the possible impact of these mutations on the protein structure and hence its function. Analysis of time evolution as well as time averaged values of various structural properties--especially of those of the functionally important regions: the heme binding region, substrate binding region, and substrate access channel--gave some insights into the possible structural characteristics of the disease mutant and the wild-type forms of the protein. In a nutshell, compared to the wild-type the core regions in the mutant structures are associated with subtle but significant changes, and the functionally important regions seem to adopt such structures that are not conducive for the wild-type-like functionality.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Recurrence of urethral stricture and late results after optical urethrotomy: comparison of strictures caused by toxic latex catheters and other causes.

During the years 1977-1985, 183 new urethral strictures were diagnosed and treated by optical urethrotomy. A sharp increase in the incidence of iatrogenic strictures was found in 1980-1981 which normalized after simultaneous changing of the resectoscope, lubricant and catheter type. In fact, an "epidemic" of urethral strictures associated with the use of indwelling latex catheters in cardiac operations was observed in Finland in those years. It is suggested that toxic latex catheters exacerbated the local mechanical injury caused by endoscopic surgery. The recurrence rate for our "epidemic" strictures was 54%, whereas in other cases it was 37% (p = 0.02), but there were no differences in the later course. The patients age, stricture site, postoperative period of catheter-drainage, length, diameter or multiplicity had no effect on the recurrence rate after the initial urethrotomy. Stricture recurrences occurred up to 8 years after the initial operation. Because of the chronic nature of the urethral stricture, a follow-up time of at least 10 years is needed before the final results of urethrotomy can be evaluated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in duodenal ulceration: A primary cause or a secondary infection causing chronicity.

Reports from countries with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection do not show a proportionately high prevalence of duodenal ulceration, suggesting the possibility that H pylori cannot be a primary cause of duodenal ulceration. It has been mooted that this discrepancy might be explained by variations in the prevalence of virulence factors in different populations. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the published literature gives support to this possibility. The relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed separately for countries with a high and low prevalence of H pylori infection and virulence factors. Although virulent strains of H pylori were significantly more often present in patients with duodenal ulcer than without the disease in countries with a low prevalence of H pylori infection in the population, there was no difference in the prevalence of virulence factors between duodenal ulcer, non - ulcer dyspepsia or normal subjects in many countries, where the prevalence of both H pylori infection and of virulence factors was high. In these countries, the presence of virulence factors was not predictive the clinical outcome. To explain the association between virulence factors and duodenal ulcer in countries where H pylori prevalence is low, only two papers were found that give little support to the usual model proposed, namely that organisms with the virulence factors are more likely than those without them to initiate a duodenal ulcer. We offer an alternative hypothesis that suggests virulence factors are more likely to interfere with the healing of a previously produced ulcer. The presence of virulence factors only correlates with the prevalence of duodenal ulcer in countries where the prevalence of H pylori is low. There is very little evidence that virulence factors initiate duodenal ulceration, but they may be related to failure of the ulcer to heal.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1976

[Conditioning of emotional behavior caused by hypothalamic stimulation (3): The learned behavior caused by hypothalamic stimulation in rabbits].

In the present study, the learned behavior caused by hypothalamic electrical stimulation was examined in order to determine the effects of psychotropic drugs. Subjects were albino male rabbits with electrodes chronically implanted in the hypothalamic area. A shuttle box, which was adjusted for behavioral pharmacological estimation of drugs in rabbits, was used. A buzzer sound (85dB) and electrical stimulation of hypothalamus (100 HZ, 1 msec, 1.2-2.0V) were used as the conditional stimulation (CS) and unconditional stimulation (UCS), respectively. The same animal was trained in habituation to a buzzer sound as the CS. For avoidance conditioning in a two-compartment situation, the animal was placed in a shuttle box divided by a hurdle situated at the middle of two-compartments. After the CS was presented for 10 sec, the UCS was given. The animals were subjected to 15 conditioning trials per day. The avoidance and escape behavior model became as distinct by hypothalamic stimulation as by UCS. After termination of the experiments, extinction trials were carried out after which the animals were sacrificed, and localization of the stimulating electrodes was determined histologically.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Elderly and sun-affected skin. Distinguishing between changes caused by aging and changes caused by habitual exposure to sun.

OBJECTIVE: To review and distinguish between skin changes produced by aging and changes produced by habitual exposure to sun. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: The literature was searched from 1969 to 1999 for articles on dermatoheliosis and sun-damaged skin. Surprisingly few were found comparing the difference between elderly skin and sun-damaged skin. A few articles focused on certain small aspects of sun-damaged skin. Many excellent articles described particular changes (e.g., actinic keratosis), but few covered all the changes due to aging and to sun. MAIN MESSAGE: Skin changes due to aging can be distinguished from those due to sun damage. All changes due to sun exposure can be grouped under the term dermatoheliosis; five parts of the skin are involved: epidermis (actinic keratosis), dermis (solar elastosis), blood vessels (telangiectasia), sebaceous glands (solar comedones), and melanocytes (diffuse or mottled brown patches). Habitual exposure to sun and a white skin are prerequisites for developing these changes. Knowing the difference between changes caused by sun and by aging can help physicians predict which patients are most likely to get skin cancers. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of these common skin changes will help physicians diagnose and manage the skin abnormalities of elderly people and of people with dermatoheliosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The general surgeon facing acute abdomen caused of gynecologic cause: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations on 2 cases].

The general surgeon has sometimes to face problems arising from an acute abdomen due to gynecologic causes. Such conditions are mainly found in women in reproductive age; the most frequent pathologies are due to complications of ovarian cysts, perlvic inflammatory disease and extrauterine pregnancy. Some short clinical commentaries are herein presented on two cases of gynecologic acute abdomen: the first case reported is related to an intraperitoneal rupture of a large uterine sarcoma and the second an ovarian neoplasm associated with a diffuse peritonitis from perforation of tubo-ovarian abscess.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemopericardium caused by endocarditis ulcerosa: an unusual cause of sudden death in adolescence].

The authors report on the case of a 18-year-old student who died suddenly and unexpectedly of a pericardial tamponade after perforated ulcer-polypous endocarditis of the aortic valve. The detection of aerococcus urinae--which usually causes urinary tract infection--on the inflamed aortic valve demonstrates an unusual pathogenetic chain linking complexes of findings in the urogenital system and the heart.

Adolescent↗