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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Impact of internal parasites on beef cattle.

Internal parasitism is a pervasive constant that reduces returns in beef cattle production. Parasitism may influence production sufficiently so that data derived investigating performance response will be erroneous. The interaction of internal parasites of cattle with other facets of their lives makes it imperative that more parasite research be done on cattle to consider their impact. Results of trials designed to determine forage production at various stocking densities may not reflect the nutritive value of the forage, but instead the severity of parasite exposure. Relative resistance or susceptibility to certain parasites vary with the breed of livestock and the species of parasite. Extensive work to evaluate the ability of various breeds and sires to influence parasitic numbers has been conducted in sheep but not in cattle. Some parasite trials have ignored the effects of nutrition on the establishment and retention of parasites. This becomes especially important where multiple parasite exposure may occur. Susceptible cattle, even on an optimal diet, will become parasitized, but if reexposed to the same species of parasite, cattle on an optimal diet may be able to resist reinfection, whereas those on deficient diets will not.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Digestibility of potato processing residue in beef cattle finishing diets.

Two digestion experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various levels of potato processing residue in feedlot diets on digestion of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and starch. In Exp. 1, 10 Hereford steers (average weight 360 kg) were randomly allotted to one of five diets in which (1) 0, (2) 15, (3) 30, (4) 45 or (5) 60% of diet dry matter was provided by potato processing residue. Potato processing residue was found to be superior to barley as an energy source for beef cattle diets. When fed at 15% of the diet dry matter, potato processing residue had a digestible energy value of 3.68 Mcal/kg, which corresponds to 121% of the digestible energy of barley. However, when the residue was fed at 30, 45, or 60% of the diet dry matter, the mean digestible energy value decreased to 3.10 Mcal/kg, or 102% of the digestible energy of barley. In Exp. 2, four steers (average weight 270 kg) were surgically fitted with permanent ruminal and abomasal T cannulas. The steers were offered one of four diets in which potato processing residue provided (1) 0, (2) 20, (3) 40 or (4) 60% of diet dry matter. Ruminal and postabomasal digestion of dry matter and starch were determined. Inclusion of potato processing residue did not affect (P > .05) the location or extent of digestion of diet dry matter and starch. Diet dry matter and starch digestion in the entire tract were 86.6 and 99.1%, respectively. The mean preabomasal and postabomasal digestions of diet dry matter and starch for all four levels of potato processing residue were 78.7, 20.3, 94.4 and 5.6%, respectively. The site and extent of potato processing residue digestion were comparable to those for barley. Potato processing residue can replace barley as an energy source for finishing beef cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effect of feeding dried tomato vines to beef cattle.

Dried Tomato vines (DTV) are used as a feedstuff in some beef cattle in Israel, despite the literature citation that tomato vines contain potentially harmful steroid alkaloids. A small-scale feeding trial over 42 d examined possible deleterious effects of feeding DTV, compared with wheat straw, in beef cows. No differences in hematological values, serum parameters for body weight were seen between the 2 groups. Steroid alkaloid content of the DTV was not examined, but toxic levels of nitrates were found. The main practical hazard in feeding DTV would appear to be from their potentially high nitrate content.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1991

Problems and possibilities into the next decade involving beef cattle breeding research in the southern region: cooperator herds.

When resources are limited, use of cattle owned and maintained by cooperators to conduct beef cattle breeding research in the Southern Region can be a feasible alternative to the traditional policy of using experiment station cattle. Former students, former experiment station employees, extension personnel, institutional personnel, or tribal personnel can serve as suitable cooperators or can aid in locating potential cooperators. Several problems can be associated with cooperative work; however, the two most obvious are 1) only a limited number of researchable questions can be addressed and 2) complete experimental control over the cattle is seldom achieved. The procedure has the primary advantage that in most cases all or at least the greatest portion of the expense of owning and maintaining the cow herd is borne by the cooperator.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A potential association between the BM 1500 microsatellite and fat deposition in beef cattle.

The obese gene was hypothesized as a candidate gene for fat characteristics in beef cattle. The BM 1500 microsatellite, near the obese gene, was characterized in 158 purebred beef bulls for which carcass trait information was available. Four breeds were included in the analyses-Angus, Charolais, Hereford, and Simmental. Four alleles were found. Lengths were approximately 138, 147, 149, and 140 bp with genotypic frequencies of 0.47, 0.44, 0.09, and 0.003 respectively. The carcass traits %rib fat, %rib lean, average fat, and grade fat were found to be significantly associated with the different alleles. The presence of the 138-bp allele in the genotype of an animal is correlated with higher levels of fat, whereas the 147-bp allele has the opposite effect. The 149-bp allele was found in low numbers, and a homozygote was never identified. Hereford and Angus bulls had the greatest frequencies of 138-bp alleles (Hereford = 0.57, Angus = 0.59), while Charolais and Simmental had a greater proportion of 147-bp alleles (Charolais = 0.54, Simmental = 0.58). This information may aid cattle producers in selecting cattle for markets that differ in the amount of fat required.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Endometrial suppressor cells in beef cattle.

Endometrial cells were recovered post mortem from cyclic and pregnant crossbred beef cattle (n = 5 each) on Days 16 to 18 after estrus, and were evaluated for their ability to suppress lymphocyte responses and release suppressor factor into the culture medium. The suppressor factor was assessed for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) activity. In addition, Percoll was used to fractionate endometrial cells from Angus cows (n = 4) on Days 16 to 18 of pregnancy to determine the density of the suppressor cells. Endometrial cells from cyclic and pregnant cows suppressed lymphocyte proliferative responses and released suppressor factor into the culture medium. The suppressor factor exhibited TGF-beta activity. Suppressor activities tended to be greatest for fractionated cells with densities of 1.01 and 1.095 g/mL. In conclusion, the bovine endometrium contains low- and high-density suppressor cells capable of releasing suppressor factor. The factor seems to be associated with TGF-beta.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

DNA relatedness of Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe.

The DNA relatedness of 17 Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe was determined using the hydroxyapatite method. Similarly to previously speciated African strains, all Zimbabwe isolates belonged to either Leptospira borgpetersenii or Leptospira kirschneri. All serovars within serogroups Pyrogenes (kwale, mombe and a strain closely related to serovar nigeria), Hebdomadis (marondera and mhou), Tarassovi (ngavi) and Sejroe (balcanica and hardjo) were L. borgpetersenii. L. kirschneri contained all strains in serovars of serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (zimbabwe), Australis (fugis), Bataviae (paidjan) and Pomona (a strain closely related to mozdok). The species designations of the Zimbabwe fugis and paidjan strains were different from those of the reference strains of these two serovars, both of which belong to Leptospira interrogans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pedigree analysis of eight Spanish beef cattle breeds.

The genetic structure of eight Spanish autochthonous populations (breeds) of beef cattle were studied from pedigree records. The populations studied were: Alistana and Sayaguesa (minority breeds), Avileña - Negra Ibérica and Morucha ("dehesa" breeds, with a scarce incidence of artificial insemination), and mountain breeds, including Asturiana de los Valles, Asturiana de la Montaña and Pirenaica, with extensive use of AI. The Bruna dels Pirineus breed possesses characteristics which make its classification into one of the former groups difficult. There was a large variation between breeds both in the census and the number of herds. Generation intervals ranged from 3.7 to 5.5 years, tending to be longer as the population size was larger. The effective numbers of herds suggest that a small number of herds behaves as a selection nucleus for the rest of the breed. The complete generation equivalent has also been greatly variable, although in general scarce, with the exception of the Pirenaica breed, with a mean of 3.8. Inbreeding effective population sizes were actually small (21 to 127), especially in the mountain-type breeds. However, the average relatedness computed for these breeds suggests that a slight exchange of animals between herds will lead to a much more favourable evolution of inbreeding. The effective number of founders and ancestors were also variable among breeds, although in general the breeds behaved as if they were founded by a small number of animals (25 to 163).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Diet quality and ruminal digestion in beef cattle grazing midgrass prairie rangeland or plains bluestem pasture throughout the summer.

Beef cattle fitted with esophageal (four steers/pasture) or ruminal and duodenal (six calves/pasture; beginning BW +/- SE = 267 +/- 6 kg) cannulas grazed midgrass prairie rangeland (excellent range condition; MIDGRASS) or plains bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum var. Plains) pasture (BLUESTEM) in mid-May, late-June, mid-August, and mid-October of 1990 and 1991. Nitrogen in masticate samples collected from MIDGRASS was lowest (P < .05) in June and August across both years. The N in BLUESTEM masticate peaked (P < .05) in August 1990, but N was lowest (P < .05) in August 1991. The detergent fiber content of masticate from both forages increased (P < .05) as the grazing season advanced from May through August; fall regrowth in October occasionally resulted in a small decrease (P < .05) in fiber content. In vitro OM disappearance (IVOMD) followed a pattern similar to N content. The IVOMD of BLUESTEM masticate was greater (P < .05) than that of MIDGRASS masticate. The ruminal ammonia N concentration (milligrams/deciliter) in cattle grazing BLUESTEM (4.5) usually was greater (P < .05) than in cattle grazing MIDGRASS (3.3). In situ OM and N disappearance was greater (P < .05) from BLUESTEM masticate than from MIDGRASS masticate in May, June, and August. The ruminally degraded N:ruminally degraded OM ratio (grams/kilograms) estimated from in situ digestion suggested that cattle grazing MIDGRASS during the mid-summer of both years and BLUESTEM in August 1991 may have been marginally deficient in ruminally degraded N. Plains bluestem pasture would complement MIDGRASS by providing better quality grazing during the mid-summer.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2003

Sulfur-induced polioencephalomalacia in a herd of rotationally grazed beef cattle.

Central nervous system disease occurred in a herd of rotationally grazed beef cattle consuming water containing 3400 ppm sulfate. Clinical signs, pathologic findings, and high water sulfate levels confirmed the diagnosis of sulfur-induced polioencephalomalacia. The incidence of disease reduced when the herd was switched to a low sulfate water source.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Levels of lead in mineral salt commercial mixtures for beef cattle.

Lead concentrations was measured in samples of mineral mixtures used in beef cattle feed in the states of Sao Paulo, Paraná, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Lead content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Of the 60 analyzed samples, 21 had values greater than 30 ppm (range less 1.6 to 460 ppm), which is the maximum concentration recommended. These findings show the necessity for careful industrial monitoring because some mineral mixtures contain sufficient lead to cause toxicity in animals.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

Effects of arrival medication with tilmicosin phosphate on health and performance of newly received beef cattle.

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the use of tilmicosin phosphate (Micotil) as a prophylactic medication for newly received, stressed beef cattle. In Trial 1, 57 beef calves (average initial BW = 170 kg) were shipped to the research feedlot from Tennessee and either given no antibiotic at processing or treated with Micotil at 10 mg of tilmicosin phosphate/kg of BW. During a 28-d receiving period, treatment at processing with Micotil did not affect daily gain (P < .17) or DMI (P < .22) compared to control calves. Prophylactic treatment with Micotil decreased (P < .01) the percentage of calves treated for symptoms of bovine respiratory disease from 46.4 to 0%. In Trial 2, 117 calves (average initial BW = 191 kg) were shipped from Tennessee and allotted randomly to the same two treatments as in Trial 1. All calves grazed a 24-ha pasture of irrigated winter wheat during the 28-d receiving period. Treatment of calves with Micotil at the time of arrival processing did not affect (P > .50) daily gain during the trial; however, as in Trial 1, mass treatment with Micotil decreased (P < .01) the percentage of calves treated for respiratory disease from 32.8% to 12.1%. In Trial 3, two truckloads of beef calves (183 total; average initial BW = 232 kg) shipped from Tennessee were allotted randomly to the same two treatments used in Trials 1 and 2 or to a third treatment that consisted of administration of Micotil at arrival processing if the rectal temperature of the calf was > or = 39.7 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Detection of Cryptosporidium muris type oocysts from beef cattle in a farm and from domestic and wild animals in and around the farm.

Cryptosporidium muris type oocysts were detected from 21 of 516 beef cattle in a farm. Then we surveyed Cryptosporidium oocysts in 348 beef and dairy cattle, 500 pigs, 101 dogs, 38 wild animals and 11 zoo-kept animals in and around the farm. Oocysts were detected from only 2 of 25 Japanese field mice, Apodemus speciosus in the same farm. Gene analysis suggested that the oocysts were different from the C. muris type bovine isolate.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1989

Future challenges of disease in the beef cattle industry.

Disease control must be part of the management system in any beef cattle enterprise where improved net returns are a constant goal. A current view of the importance of disease is reflected in the research portfolio of the Australian Meat and Live-stock Research and Development Corporation (AMLRDC), where only 14% of projects relate to cattle health problems. Our relative freedom from epidemics is partly responsible for this balance, but the profession should continue to be alert to the range of actual or potential threats to the national herds and those predisposing factors, both managerial and environmental, that influence their effects. In Australia with its crucial beef export component, several priority areas can be identified. They are (i) completion of the Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign (BTEC) (ii) improved knowledge of the effects of production of subclinical disease including deficiency states (iii) better understanding of the infertility complex from conception to birth. Congenital viral infections such as mucosal disease and the arbovirus group are slowly emerging from their epidemiological obscurity (iv) constant awareness of the potential threat of exotic diseases and defensive methods available to meet them. There is a particular need to understand the epidemiology of the large tropical cattle herd, which interfaces with South-East Asia. Our comparative freedom from epidemics should not cause any relaxation of vigilance by the veterinary services in the private or public sectors. Nor should government be allowed to minimise the critical role of the veterinary profession in our defense against animal disease (v) increased liaison with our trading partners in livestock exports.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Three treatments with ivermectin in year-long control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of weaner-yearling beef cattle.

Four groups of 17 crossbred beef weaners were used in an experiment which extended from 14 November 1985 to 8 October 1986 (328 days). All groups began grazing on separate, contaminated pastures at a stocking rate of 5.3 cattle ha-1 and the different treatments were: Group 1, ivermectin (IVM) injectable X 1 (200 micrograms kg-1) on 14 November only, with provision for individual salvage treatment; Group 2, IVM X 3 on 14 November, 4 February and 2 July; Group 3, IVM X 2 on 14 November and 2 July; Group 4, fenbendazole (FBZ) paste X 2 (5 mg kg-1) on 14 November and 2 July. Pairs of parasite-free tracer calves were grazed on all group pastures for 1 month at the beginning of the experiment (13 November-12 December and in spring (1 April-1 May). Yearling cattle from each group were randomly selected and removed from pasture during spring (n = 2 per group, 3 April) and at the end of the experiment (n = 3 per group, 8 October) for slaughter analysis of worm population characteristics and observation of gross pathology in the abomasum and intestinal tract. At monthly intervals, all cattle were weighed and fecal egg counts, pasture larval counts and plasma pepsinogen values were determined. The results of this investigation demonstrated that three IVM treatments of weaner-yearling beef cattle during year-long grazing, were more effective than a single IVM treatment or two treatments with IVM or FBZ in the enhancement of productivity and protection from the effects of infection with nematode parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A survey of fascioliasis in beef cattle killed at abattoirs in southern Queensland.

The overall prevalence of fascioliasis in beef cattle found in an abattoir survey completed in May 1983 in southern Queensland, was 1.1%. Prevalence was 36% in the Stanthorpe Shire, varied from greater than 1 to 10% in 12 shires and was 1% or less in 24 shires. Fascioliasis was not recorded from the other 46 shires in the area of the survey. Prevalence was less than 1% in female cattle of all ages. In males, prevalence increased with age from 0.6% in 17-month-old cattle to 4.7% in 4-year-old cattle. The differences in sex-specific prevalences may be due to differences in susceptibility to the parasite between sexes, differences in susceptibility to the parasite between sexes, differences in management between sexes, or artefacts associated with sampling for a disease of very low prevalence. The presence of the exotic snail species, Lymnaea columella and L. viridis was confirmed in southern Queensland in 1977. These snails are suitable intermediate hosts for Fasciola hepatica and may widen the endemic area for liver fluke because of their more aquatic character and greater tolerance to high temperatures than L. tomentosa, the traditional snail host in Queensland. We suggest that introduced snails have not yet had a substantial impact on the importance of fascioliasis to the beef industry of southern Queensland. The survey provides baseline data for the future monitoring of this potentially important parasitic disease.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1987

The prevalence and identity of Sarcocystis in beef cattle in New Zealand.

Muscle tissue from the oesophagus and diaphragm of 500 beef cattle slaughtered in New Zealand was examined for Sarcocystis infection by microscopic examination of cysts isolated from muscle samples. All cattle were infected with Sarcocystis; based on light microscopy of cysts, 98% had thin-walled Sarcocystis cruzi cysts and 79.8% had thick-walled (Sarcocystis hirsuta/Sarcocystis hominis) cysts. Cysts were also collected for electron microscopy and transmission experiments. Thick-walled cysts could not be distinguished as S. hirsuta or S. hominis by light or electron microscopy. Thick-walled cysts were fed to three cats and one human volunteer; one cat shed sporocysts but not the human volunteer. Electron microscopy of the cysts revealed many features that have not been described previously.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The development in beef cattle manure of Petriedllidium boydii (Shear) Malloch, a potential pathogen for man and cattle.

Petriellidium boydii (Allescheria boydii) dominated the mycoflora of manure samples form three beef cattle feedlots after incubation at room temperature for 4 months. The possible dangers associated with this pathogenic fungus, which causes mycotic abortion in livestock, pulmonary allescheriasis in man, and mycetomas in both man and animals, are discussed. This fungus could create a health hazard in feedlots where in situ manure decompostion is encouraged.

Abortion, Veterinary↗