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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison between clomiphene plus pulsatile human menopausal gonadotrophin and clomiphene plus pulsatile follicle stimulating hormone in induction of multiple follicular development in women.

Eighteen normally cycling women with tubal infertility undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were treated with clomiphene only (nine cycles), clomiphene plus human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) (18 cycles) and clomiphene plus follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (12 cycles). Clomiphene was given from day 2 to 6 (150 mg daily). HMG and FSH were injected s.c. in a pulsatile manner via a pump (28 IU every 3 h). Plasma FSH and oestradiol levels and the number of follicles greater than or equal to 16 mm in diameter were similar in the clomiphene/HMG and the clomiphene/FSH cycles, but significantly higher than in the clomiphene-only cycles. In contrast, luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels during the treatment did not differ significantly among the three regimens. Twelve of the 18 women were treated with clomiphene/HMG in one cycle and clomiphene/FSH in another and eight of them with clomiphene only in a third cycle (a total of 32 cycles). In the clomiphene/HMG cycle seven of these 12 women (58%) had plasma FSH levels during treatment similar to those in the clomiphene/FSH cycle and six of them (86%) had the same number of follicles in both cycles. A significant, but not very strong correlation was found between FSH treatment levels and the number of follicles greater than or equal to 16 mm when all 32 cycles were combined (r = 0.40). It is suggested that pulsatile HMG and FSH in combination with clomiphene are in general equally effective in inducing multiple follicular development in normal women. However, individual responses show great variability.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of circulatory failure on fetal development in women with rheumatism].

In the time-course of pregnancy the characteristic features of fetal development were studied in 149 females with rheumatic disease with the employment of ultrasonic fetometry. Certain features of growth in various anatomical structures of the fetus with regard to the stage of decompensation were identified Four-staged impairments in the development of the fetuses were revealed in this contingent.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1991

Complement activation in relation to development of preeclampsia.

Six hundred eighty-five primigravidas followed as a series had complement activation evaluated by the formation of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and terminal C5b-9 complement complexes in venous blood. Samples for complement determinations were obtained four times during pregnancy, in pregnancy weeks 12-16, 20-24, 28-32, and 34-36. Seven of the women developed preeclampsia and one of them the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP syndrome). Eleven others with uncomplicated pregnancies were selected as a control group. Plasma samples were taken from these 18 women at delivery and 1 and 7 days after delivery. At delivery, plasma C5a levels were significantly greater in the preeclamptics than in controls, and four of the seven preeclamptics had elevated plasma C3a values compared with controls. One week after delivery, these plasma anaphylatoxins had returned to normal. Elevations of the anaphylatoxins could not be detected before the women developed clinical signs of preeclampsia. No alterations in terminal C5b-9 complement complexes could be observed in the women with preeclampsia. However, the women who developed HELLP syndrome had elevated plasma concentrations of C3a, C5a, and terminal C5b-9 complement complex at delivery. These values returned to the normal range 1 week after delivery. We conclude that complement activation in the systemic circulation does not occur early in pregnancy and that plasma concentrations of C3a, C5a, or terminal C5b-9 complement complex cannot be used as predictors of preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Perineal video-ultrasonography in the assessment of vaginal prolapse: early observations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of perineal ultrasonography in the assessment of vaginal prolapse. DESIGN: A prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Urodynamic Unit, St. George's Hospital, London. SUBJECTS: Six women, three of them were awaiting colposuspension and three had had a colposuspension. INTERVENTIONS: Perineal ultrasound scans were performed on women with and without incontinence and prolapse, both before and after continence surgery. Movement of the bladder, urethra, uterus, vaginal vault and enterocele were observed during coughing and the valsalva manoeuvre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To assess reproducibility, six patients had six different measurements taken of bladder neck and prolapse position and movement relative to the symphysis. The measurements were plotted upon an X-Y co-ordinate axis. Each measurement was repeated three times and one way analysis of variance performed upon the readings. RESULTS: Perineal ultrasonography clearly demonstrated movement of the whole pelvic floor. Minor degrees of both anterior and posterior vaginal wall prolapse could be seen and quantified. An increase in posterior vaginal wall mobility was noted in women after colposuspension. All measurements taken were found to be reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: Perineal ultrasonography is easy to perform and is reproducible. It may improve understanding of why some women develop posterior vaginal wall prolapse after colposuspension and, conversely, why some women develop incontinence following anterior repair for prolapse.

Cough↗
PubMed1990

Enhanced anaphylatoxin and terminal C5b-9 complement complex formation in patients with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.

Complement activation was studied in ten consecutive pregnant women developing hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP syndrome) and ten other women with normal pregnancies. Blood samples for anaphylatoxin (C3a/C3a desArg and C5a/C5a desArg) and terminal C5b-9 complement complex determinations were drawn at delivery and 24 hours and 7 days later. Women developing HELLP syndrome had higher plasma levels of anaphylatoxins with delivery than did women with uneventful pregnancies. The plasma levels of terminal C5b-9 complement complexes at the time of delivery were increased as compared with levels 1 and 7 days after delivery in women with HELLP syndrome. The plasma concentrations of the anaphylatoxins and the terminal C5b-9 complement complexes returned to normal levels within 1 week after delivery in the HELLP group. The formation of C5b-9 complement complex indicates that the terminal part of the complement cascade has been activated and that C5a has been formed and eliminated. Complement activation with release of anaphylatoxins and terminal C5b-9 complement complexes may be one etiologic factor behind the elevated blood pressure, hemolysis, liver insufficiency, and platelet consumption seen in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Increased propensity of women to develop torsades de pointes during complete heart block.

INTRODUCTION: To determine whether an increased female gender susceptibility to torsades de pointes (TdP) may exist in a clinical model of bradycardia-induced long QT syndrome, we investigated reported cases of TdP associated with acquired complete heart block. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-two cases reported in the medical literature dating from 1941 through 1993 were identified, all describing TdP or "transient ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation" (to include those cases reported prior to the use of TdP terminology) in the setting of acquired complete heart block unassociated with QT prolonging drugs. Expected female prevalence in complete heart block was estimated at 52%, based on projections derived from 206,016 hospital discharges in the National Inpatient Profile (Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, Ann Arbor, MI), over the years 1985 through 1992. During complete heart block, mean heart rate was 37 beats/min in both sexes (combined n = 43), and absolute QT interval ranged from 0.52 to 0.88 seconds, with a mean of 0.68 seconds (n = 25). Female prevalence among patients with TdP during complete heart block was greater than expected: 72% for all studied cases (P < 0.001); 70% (P < 0.04) and 74% (P < 0.02) among those reported prior to (n = 35) and during or after (n = 37) 1980, respectively; 73% (P < 0.03) among those with documented normokalemia (n = 26); and 68% (P = 0.2) among those with a prolonged QT interval and known polymorphic VT (i.e., unequivocal TdP; n = 25). CONCLUSION: Despite inherent limitations of this retrospective study, the data are consistent in suggesting a greater than expected female prevalence among patients with TdP related to complete heart block. This finding lends support to a broadening concept of increased susceptibility of women to the development of TdP in various settings of QT prolongation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Predicting postoperative urinary incontinence development in women undergoing operation for genitourinary prolapse.

A total of 67 female patients with pelvic relaxation (cystocele beyond the vaginal orifice) and with no urinary incontinence were clinically and urodynamically evaluated before and after a reconstructive surgical procedure. Of these, 24 patients had a significant decrease in abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra once the cystocele was reduced by vaginal pessary (abdominal pressure transmission ratio to urethra: bladder of less than 1.0). All 24 had a revised Pereyra procedure in addition to the cystocele repair. The other 43 patients had adequate abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra once the cystocele was reduced by vaginal pessary (abdominal pressure transmission ratio to urethra: bladder of greater than or equal to 1.0). These 43 patients underwent cystocele repair only with no surgical repair to the urethra or urethrovesical junction. Evaluation was repeated at 3 to 6 months after the operation. No patient developed urinary incontinence after operation. All 67 patients had urodynamically good abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra while coughing. Women with significant genitourinary prolapse may be continent in spite of a weak urethral sphincter because of kinking of the poorly supported urethra. Urodynamic testing can identify those women at risk of developing postoperative urinary incontinence so that prophylactic measures can be undertaken.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

[Sexual development in obese women].

By means of an interview and the questionnaire "Heterosexual Development of Women" [HDW] the authors subjected to sexuological examination 129 obese women aged 20-50 years with a body mass index above 25. As regards the time when overweight developed 29 women developed obesity during the prepubertal period and in 100 of the women obesity developed during adolescence and later. It was revealed that the sexual development of obese women was normal. The mean values in the HDW questionnaire in both subgroups with a different period of development of overweight were all within the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Blood pressure in late pregnancy and work outside the home.

OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal blood pressure (BP) responses to working outside the home in late pregnancy, using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. METHODS: Our paired observational study involved 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring of 100 normotensive women (51 primiparas, 49 multiparas) on work and nonwork days. Mean BP differences were calculated for working, postworking, sleeping, and 24-hour periods on both days. Main outcome measures were BP differences between work and nonwork days and subsequent pregnancy hypertension. Comparisons in BP between work and nonwork days were done with Student paired t test. Comparisons between study subgroups were done with unpaired t test. Potential predictors of change in BP were examined using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: During job time, BP was significantly higher on work days than on nonwork days. The mean increase in BP associated with work was 2.6 mmHg (systolic BP, P <.001), 2.8 mmHg (diastolic BP, P <.001), and 2.9 mmHg (mean arterial BP, P <.001). Those observations were independent of parity. More than 10% of our subjects had increased mean arterial BP of 10 mmHg or more during job time on work days compared with nonwork days. Higher absolute BP levels (regression coefficient 0.21, P =.04) and greater perceived job stress (regression coefficient 1.34, P =.04) correlated positively with BP increases at work. Twelve women developed hypertension. Those women had a larger increase on work days in mean systolic (6.6 mmHg compared with 2.1 mmHg, P =.013), mean diastolic (6.4 mmHg compared with 2.3 mmHg, P =.014), and mean arterial (7.4 mmHg compared with 2.3 mmHg, P =.002) BP compared with normotensive women. The magnitude of BP responses to work was a significant predictor of pregnancy hypertension, independent of absolute BP level. CONCLUSION: Blood pressure increased in women when they worked outside the home. The effect of maternal work is important when treating pregnancy hypertension. Ambulatory BP monitoring makes assessment of maternal BP responses to work a practical clinical option.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Impact of community organization of women on perinatal outcomes in rural Bolivia.

An intervention to improve maternal and child health was conducted in a remote Bolivian province with limited access to modern medical facilities. The intervention focused on initiating and strengthening women's organizations, developing women's skills in problem identification and prioritization, and training community members in safe birthing techniques. Its impact was evaluated by comparing perinatal mortality rates and obstetric behavior among 409 women before and after the intervention. Perinatal mortality decreased from 117 deaths per 1,000 births before the intervention to 43.8 deaths per 1,000 births after. There was a significant increase in the number of women participating in women's organizations following the intervention, as well as in the number of organizations. The proportion of women receiving prenatal care and initiating breast-feeding on the first day after birth was also significantly larger. The number of infants attended to immediately after delivery likewise increased, but the change was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates that community organization can improve maternal and child health in remote areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safe child care and women's empowerment in the developing world.

Women's ability to provide for the health and well-being of their children and families is linked in complex ways to the degree of empowerment they experience. Empowerment for women in the developing world is a perplexing venture, hampered by patriarchal barriers and cultural confusion. Our purpose in conducting this research was to discover how disadvantaged Namibian women experienced empowerment when they had access to safe child care. Fifty-two women participated in the study. A qualitative design and ethnographic techniques were used to elicit women's experiences. Five themes, descriptive of women's empowerment, emerged from the data: (a) increasing vitality, (b) freedom from worry, (c) opportunities to increase financial security, (d) strengthened parenting competence, and (e) personal satisfaction and a sense of fulfillment. The findings add a voice from the developing world to the growing understanding of women's diverse journeys toward empowerment. Discussion focuses on the significance of the themes and implications for further research that promotes women's empowerment and community health.

Adult↗