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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Winter weather conditions and myocardial infarctions.

The daily number of cases of myocardial infarctions admitted to a hospital in middle Sweden over three winter seasons 1984-87 was correlated to the weather conditions on a day-to-day basis. The study encompassed 634 days and all cases younger than 70 years, living within the catchment area, in all 382 subjects. Information on temperature, wind force, precipitation and atmospheric pressure was obtained from the Swedish Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. A low number of myocardial infarctions was seen on Saturdays and Sundays with a mild wind chill factor and on days with moderate snowfall and high atmospheric pressure. A high number was observed for workdays, especially Mondays, as day of diagnosis. Heterogeneity of the study population and a misclassification of the time relationships between dates of diagnosis and weather changes may have caused an underestimation of the impact of weather conditions. However, weather conditions do not seem to be a major triggering factor of myocardial infarctions in Sweden.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1997

Weather conditions and fatal self-harm in North Cheshire 1989-1993.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the effect of weather conditions on the rate of all deaths due to fatal self-harm (FSH) reported in a population of 350,000. In this study the term FSH refers to all coroners' verdicts which were recorded in a specified period and included suicide, misadventure and open verdict. METHOD: Five-year data of FSH in North Cheshire was analysed in relation to meteorological data, which were measured at the nearest meteorological office to the study population. RESULTS: Small but significant positive correlations were demonstrated between occurrence of FSH and hours of sunshine (P < 0.01) and diurnal variations in daily temperature (P < 0.05). These effects were independent of gender and psychiatric history. CONCLUSIONS: Weather may influence the occurrence of FSH, probably interacting with biological and social variables. The rate of FSH death appears to be positively related to fine weather conditions, during early summer, and not to extreme weather conditions as previously reported.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2006

Weather variability, tides, and Barmah Forest virus disease in the Gladstone region, Australia.

In this study we examined the impact of weather variability and tides on the transmission of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease and developed a weather-based forecasting model for BFV disease in the Gladstone region, Australia. We used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving-average (SARIMA) models to determine the contribution of weather variables to BFV transmission after the time-series data of response and explanatory variables were made stationary through seasonal differencing. We obtained data on the monthly counts of BFV cases, weather variables (e.g., mean minimum and maximum temperature, total rainfall, and mean relative humidity), high and low tides, and the population size in the Gladstone region between January 1992 and December 2001 from the Queensland Department of Health, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Queensland Department of Transport, and Australian Bureau of Statistics, respectively. The SARIMA model shows that the 5-month moving average of minimum temperature (b=0.15, p-value<0.001) was statistically significantly and positively associated with BFV disease, whereas high tide in the current month (b=-1.03, p-value=0.04) was statistically significantly and inversely associated with it. However, no significant association was found for other variables. These results may be applied to forecast the occurrence of BFV disease and to use public health resources in BFV control and prevention.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed2006

Toxicities of dinitrotoluenes and trinitrobenzene freshly amended or weathered and aged in a sandy loam soil to Enchytraeus crypticus.

Scientifically based ecological soil-screening levels are needed to identify concentrations of contaminant energetic materials (EMs) in soil that present an acceptable ecological risk at a wide range of military installations. Insufficient information regarding the toxicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) to soil invertebrates necessitated toxicity testing. We adapted the standardized Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (International Standardization Organization 16387:2003) and selected Enchytraeus crypticus for these studies. Tests were conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil, which supports relatively high bioavailability of nitroaromatic EMs. Weathering and aging procedures for EMs amended to test soil were incorporated into the study design to produce toxicity data that better reflect the soil exposure conditions in the field compared with toxicity in freshly amended soils. This included exposing hydrated, EM-amended soils in open glass containers in the greenhouse to alternating wetting and drying cycles. Definitive tests established that the order of EM toxicity to E. crypticus based on the median effect concentration values for juvenile production in either freshly amended or weathered and aged treatments was (from the greatest to least toxicity) TNB > 2,4-DNT > 2,6-DNT. Toxicity to E. crypticus juvenile production was significantly increased in 2,6-DNT weathered and aged soil treatments compared with toxicity in freshly amended soil, based on 95% confidence intervals. This result shows that future investigations should include a weathering and aging component to generate toxicity data that provide more complete information regarding ecotoxicological effects of energetic contaminants in soil.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fluid replacement recommendations for training in hot weather.

The U.S. Army's fluid replacement guidelines emphasize fluid replacement during hot weather training to prevent degradation of performance and minimize the risk of heat injury. Little consideration has been given, however, to possible overhydration and development of water intoxication. Sufficient epidemiological evidence is available to demonstrate an increasing incidence of water intoxication during military training. This article summarizes the development and validation of revised fluid replacement guidelines for hot weather training. The end product is an easy-to-read table that provides the user with the appropriate hourly work time and fluid intake to support work during hot weather training. The guidelines include the range of hot weather conditions likely to be encountered during military training and cover a broad range of military activities. It is expected that the revised guidelines will sustain hydration and minimize the number of heat injuries during military training while protecting the soldier from becoming sick from overdrinking.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of season and weather on suicide rates in the elderly in British Columbia.

OBJECTIVES: The authors examined the relationship of suicide in the elderly (65 years and older) to season and weather and compared it to that in the younger population (10-64 years). METHODS: Information on suicides and on weather was obtained for British Columbia for the period 1981 to 1991. The association of suicide with season and weather was assessed using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Whereas younger suicides were associated with season, showing a spring-summer peak, elderly suicides were associated with actual weather. They increased with higher mean daily temperature for the current month (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28 for each 2.5 degrees C change in mean temperature), and with lower mean daily temperature for the preceding three months (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly suicide rates appear to be affected by deviations of monthly mean temperature from values expected for that time of year. Increased support by service agencies at times of predicted high risk is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of weather on incidence of attempted suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning.

Depressive illness and related suicide attempts have been reported to have seasonal variation, possibly related to weather. This study sought to determine the effects of weather and time of year on suicide attempts by carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Cases of patients in western Washington State attempting suicide by CO poisoning and referred to a regional hyperbaric oxygen treatment center from 1981-1995 were reviewed retrospectively. Information from the National Climatic Data Center was used to compare date of treatment to local weather data on the day of attempted suicide and on each day of the preceding week. The study population consisted of 264 patients attempting suicide by CO poisoning on 251 days of the 15-yr period. Mean and total precipitation in the preceding 7 days strongly correlated with attempted suicide rate, with incident rate ratios ranging from 1.75 to 2.77 and 1.14 to 1.75, respectively (P values <0.05). A decrease in minimum daily temperature also correlated with attempted suicide rate. No other weather variables showed significant correlation with dates of CO suicide attempts. February, March, and October were seen to be separate factors related to a higher incidence of attempted suicide by CO poisoning. Precipitation in Seattle, change in minimum temperature, and month of the year correlated with the regional incidence of suicide attempts with CO poisoning.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning↗
PubMed1979

[The weather and skiing accidents (author's transl)].

During the winter of 1974/75, 528 skiing accidents in the Davos area were investigated in connection the weather influences. It was found that during high pressure conditions the accident rate increased and was very low under low pressure conditions. This result is explained by high pressure conditions often inducing the skier to more daring modes of skiing. Consequently the fine weather influences the accident risk to skiers through mental stimulation. The low accident rate in low pressure conditions can be explained insofar as in bad weather only advanced skier dare to go on the ski-run and the danger-prone beginners stay at home. In addition most skiers are conscious of the risk in unpleasant weather and ski correspondingly carefully. The accident rate decreased from the beginning to the end of the 1974/75 season.

Accidents↗
PubMed2000

[Central hemodynamics in different types of weather under orthostatic and clinical conditions].

The results of research of weather influence on the state of the central haemodynamics in primary condition (after 10 minutes adaptation lying on the back) and on 1, 5, 10 minutes of ortostatic and clinostatic tests are presented in the work. It's established that reactivity of the cardiovascular system on ortostasis is decreased in unfavourable weather conditions. It was observed greater decreasing of striking and heart induces compare comparatively with ones in favorable weather. These facts prove the state of disadaptation in unfavourable weather conditions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Does the weather influence the occurrence of abomasal displacement in dairy cows?

Aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the occurrence of abomasal displacement and the weather situations. Data were collected for the years 2000 and 2001 in the area around Lisbon at 26 farms keeping about 6500 Holstein-Friesian milk cows; the analysis of 372 cases of abomasal displacement were included in the study. The weather situation was assessed on daily basis: atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, precipitation, daily insolation, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature and average wind velocity. These original parameters were modified for the statistical analyses according to atmospheric pressure, water vapour pressure, relative humidity, temperature, temperature range, precipitation, insolation and wind speed. The change of the weather situation was described by the mean absolute deviation (deviation of the meteorological parameters from the running mean over a period of 5 and 10 days) and by a method which was based on the principal component analysis of the entire data set. A weak influence of water vapour pressure, relative humidity, temperature, temperature range, precipitation, and insolation on the occurrence of abomasal displacements was found by linear correlation- and regression analysis. A higher probability for abomasal displacement was verified for low water vapour pressure, high relative humidity, low air temperature, low temperature range, high precipitation and low insolation. No statistically significant relations were found between occurrence of abomasal displacement and either wind velocity or atmospheric pressure. A time series analysis exhibited a higher prevalence for abomasal displacement for periods with a change from sunny, warm and dry days to cool, overcast and humid days. From the present work it can be concluded that the meteorological situation has an influence on the occurrence of abomasal displacement. Therefore, the weather situation should be included among the predisposing causes of the occurrence of abomasal displacements.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2004

The effect of time after body discovery on the accuracy of retrospective weather station ambient temperature corrections in forensic entomology.

Weather station data are used by forensic entomologists to estimate ambient temperatures at body discovery sites. Correlation data from sites may also be collected to correct for site and station differences. This experiment tested the accuracy over time of retrospective weather data correction using linear regression between stations and sites. Temperatures were logged at six hypothetical body discovery sites during a seven-day period for which a hypothetical body lay in situ, and a further four correlation periods. The accuracy of weather data for hypothetical body in situ periods improved after correction in 22 of 24 correlations; however, mean predicted body in situ temperatures for sites differed significantly between correlation periods. Predicted temperatures generally rose with time after body removal, which correlated with rising site temperatures accompanying seasonal change. Therefore, practitioners should be cautious in making correlations if weather patterns during correlation differ greatly from those while the body was in situ.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

[Weather-induced effects on pain perception].

The most important studies on weather-related pain have been analysed and their results compared. Since different medicometeorological classifications were used, and individual reactions to the weather vary considerably, it is possible to recognize unequivocal, universally valid relationships only with difficulty. Rheumatic pain arises mainly in a cold front area, in unstable polar air, and in thunderstorms. Amputation- and scar-related pain is similarly dependent upon changes in the weather. Headaches and migraine are typical signs of an imminent change in the weather. The question as to whether or not the endorphin concentration is of significance for meteorogenic pain is discussed, and possible influences of atmospherics activity noted.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of various weather parameters on the incidence of inpatient treated children with stenosing laryngotracheitis (pseudocroup)].

A total of 1470 hospitalized children with croup in the cities of Bochum and Herne were examined over a period of 19 years, with the aim of checking whether there was any relationship between croup incidence and changes in different weather parameters such as temperature, air pressure, absolute and relative air humidity, and wind speed. The incidence of croup was seasonal, being higher in the months of January, February, and March and from September to December. Statistical evaluation by discriminant analysis, t-test and chi 2-test showed a significant correlation (alpha greater than or equal to 0.95) between croup incidence and individual weather parameters in some months. The results seem to indicate a higher frequency of croup after decreases in temperature and influx of dry air masses (decreases in absolute humidity). In some months an increased incidence of hospitalized children with croup was observed after decreases in air pressure and during weather with extremely high (w greater than 4.5) or low (w less than 1.5) wind speed. In summary, no clear and consistent relationship between incidence of croup and particular weather parameters could be found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Relation between positive small air ions, weather fronts and pulmonary function in patients with bronchial asthma.

Some patients with bronchial asthma report increased symptoms in association with weather fronts. It has been reported that a rise in positive small air ions occurs several hours before other evidence of a storm front, and it has been suggested that the increase in these ions might be responsible for the changes in clinical status reported by such patients. Twelve patients were selected on the basis of a history of weather-induced worsening of asthma. They measured pulmonary functions four times daily at the same time that measurements of small air ions and other meteorologic parameters were obtained. Two episodes of inclement weather were monitored during the study period. The mean peak flow rates in this group of patients did not vary significantly with the changes in ion levels or other meteorologic factors which resulted from the passage of these weather fronts.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of the weather on morbidity dynamics in a large city. An investigation on the population of Munich].

The dependence on the weather on the nightly morbidity figures can be demonstrated in a total of 10,200 patients who have used the Munich Emergency Medical Service within 3 months. No prognostic inferences emerge which could be useful in practice, because the effect of the weather is at first almost completely masked by the effect of the weekly rhythm and trend, and only a retrospective analysis over a longer period can make its substantiation possible. Using the Tölzer Weather Phase Schemes, a significant increase in the morbidity figures can be demonstrated for the passage of fronts, inversion positions and the development of warm damp air conditions near the ground. An effect on the number of notifications of illness on meteorologically perfectly defined foehn days is not demonstrable. Only an indifferent effect on the general symptomatology can be attributed to the weather; there is no statistically significant evidence of a specific effect on a single clinical picture.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1976

[Industrial accidents and the weather (author's transl)].

Of the numerous factors which can be held responsible for the frequency of industrial accidents, the influence of the weather plays a certain role. Accidents occur more frequently during warm air advection with climatic instability (heat thunderstorms), they occur less frequently in north west weather conditions with cold air advection and particularly in east weather conditions. Germans and foreigners are similarly affected by the weather.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1999

Development of Weather-Dependent Flow Requirements for River Temperature Control.

/ Streamflow influences biological processes, habitat, and ecological integrity of streams in a number of vital ways. The establishment of weather-dependent minimum flows is essential to the protection of the aquatic environment and wildlife habitat from the adverse impacts of high water temperatures and to the effective utilization of the assimilative capacity of instream flows. In this study, weather-dependent flow requirements for summer river temperature control are derived from quantitative temperature-flow relationships. Correlation and regression of historical data and an analytical solution to the basic heat balance equation are employed to quantify the impacts of stream flow on river temperatures. Five-year continuous field measurements from the Platte River, Nebraska, USA, are used to illustrate the practical application in water-quality management. The methods and results demonstrate the feasibility of temperature control through streamflow management to meet water temperature standards and protect the aquatic biota by setting the appropriate weather-related minimum river discharges. The flow requirements are evaluated by a comparison with a critical discharge. Information provided in this paper will assist in planning streamflow regulation, design of river and reservoir operations, and application of water-quality criteria in environmental management.KEY WORDS: River discharges; Flow management; Habitat; Water quality; Weather; Wildlifehttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/24n4p529.html</HEA

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Preservative leaching from weathered CCA-treated wood.

Disposal of discarded chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood in landfills raises concerns with respect to leaching of preservative compounds. When unweathered CCA-treated wood is leached using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), arsenic concentrations exceed the toxicity characteristic (TC) limit of 5mg/L in most cases. The majority of discarded CCA-treated wood, however, results from demolition activities, where the wood has typically been subjected to weathering. Since preservatives do migrate from the wood during its normal use, leaching characteristics of weathered and aged CCA-treated wood may differ from unweathered wood. To evaluate this, CCA-treated wood removed from service after various degrees of weathering was collected from multiple sources and leached with the TCLP, the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and California's waste extraction test (WET). Five to seven individual pieces of wood were analyzed from each source. The average TCLP arsenic concentration for the 14 sources ranged from 3.2 to 13 mg/L. The average TCLP concentrations of the 100 wood pieces tested were 6.4, 5.9 and 3.2 mg/L for arsenic, copper and chromium, respectively. Overall, in 60 out of 100 samples tested by the TCLP, arsenic concentrations exceeded 5 mg/L (the TC regulatory value). SPLP leachate concentrations were similar to TCLP concentrations, although copper leached somewhat more with the TCLP. WET leachate concentrations were approximately a factor of 10 higher than TCLP concentrations. Discarded CCA-treated wood, even after exposure to years of weathering, often exceeds the TC limit for arsenic and without the current regulatory exemption would possibly require management as a TC hazardous waste in the US.

Arsenates↗