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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Biventricular pacing in patients with congestive heart failure: two prospective randomized trials. The VIGOR CHF and VENTAK CHF Investigators.

Epidemiologic studies suggest that 20-30% of patients diagnosed with symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) have intraventricular conduction disorders characterized by a discoordinate contraction pattern and wide QRS. Biventricular pacing is an emerging therapy allowing simultaneous electrical stimulation of the right and left ventricles with the use of an implantable pacing system. The aim of this article is to describe 2 prospective randomized multicenter trials examining the effects of biventricular pacing on functional capacity, quality of life, and hemodynamic status in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and intraventricular delay. The VIGOR CHF Trial is designed to assess functional and symptomatic improvement in heart failure patients with biventricular pacing and without a concomitant indication for conventional bradycardia pacemaker therapy. To assess for potential placebo effects, patients are randomized to receive either biventricular pacemaker therapy or no pacing therapy for the first 6 weeks, after which both groups receive pacing therapy. The VENTAK CHF trial uses an implantable cardioverter defibrillator system (ICD) designed to provide chronic biventricular pacing therapy in addition to treating ventricular tachyarrhythmias. All patients receive conventional ICD and CHF therapy throughout the study and are randomized in a 2-period crossover design to receive either no pacing or biventricular pacing for 3-month intervals. Patient enrollment in both studies is ongoing, with a closed analysis. The unique designs of these trials provide the opportunity to study this therapy in high-risk patients who have been optimally treated for heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

An early return to vigorous activity may destabilize anterior cruciate ligaments reconstructed with hamstring grafts.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the actual date of the return to activity and its impact on the postsurgical stability of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring grafts. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. The time of return to activity was determined by a questionnaire at 24 to 36 months after ACLRs. SETTING: An orthopedic center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty consecutive patients who had ACLRs using hamstring grafts 24 to 36 months earlier. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. Main outcome measure The time of return to activity from a questionnaire and serial KT-2000 data at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postsurgery. RESULTS: Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their KT-2000 side-to-side difference at 12, 18, and 24 months postsurgery. Group I consisted of patients whose differences were 3mm or less. Group II consisted of patients whose differences were more than 3mm. At 12 and 18 months postsurgery, significant differences were detected for the time of return to running and full-speed running. A multiple regression analysis for postsurgical stability at 24 months and the time of return to these 5 activities indicated that the time of return to full-speed running and sports activities had an effect on ACL stability. CONCLUSIONS: An early return to vigorous activities is not recommended in patients undergoing ACLRs with hamstring grafts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Acute vigorous exercise primes enhanced NO release in human platelets.

Activation of platelets by acute vigorous exercise has been demonstrated by various parameters, including an increase in agonist-induced platelet [Ca2+]i levels. However, direct evidence is lacking regarding how acute exercise affects platelet-derived NO. Twenty-three healthy male non-smokers (21-59 years) underwent a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test. Washed platelets were prepared from blood samples obtained before and immediately after exercise. All subjects completed at least Bruce stage 2 and were each negative for ischemia. With a low dose (2 microg/ml) of collagen, NO release from washed platelets, detected by the NO-selective microelectrode, was significantly increased after exercise (pmols/10(8) platelets, before: 0.64+/-0.11, after: 1.03+/-0.18; P<0.005) without changes in aggregation ability. This enhanced NO release was accompanied by increased platelet [Ca2+]i levels (before: 232+/-25, after: 296+/-37; P<0.01). With a high dose (5 or 10 microg/ml) of collagen, NO release and aggregation were both modestly, but significantly, enhanced after exercise. The exercise-induced enhancement of platelet NO release in response to collagen was also suggested by increase in platelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate accumulation and augmenting effect of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine on platelet aggregation. In summary, acute strenuous exercise primes enhanced NO release and may play a protective role against exercise-induced activation of platelets in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Does a vigorous feeding style influence early development of adiposity?

A prospective study of a cohort of healthy infants observed from birth to 2 years of age was carried out to investigate factors influencing the development of early adiposity. Infant suckling was measured in the laboratory twice during the first month of life. Multiple regression analyses revealed that parental educational level and a measure of feeding behavior, the interval between bursts of suckling, accounted for 18% of the variance in triceps skinfold measures at 1 year of age. A lower level of education and shorter interburst interval were associated with increased adiposity. Two feeding variables, pressure of suckling and the number of reported feeds per day, accounted for 21% of the variance in skinfold thickness at 2 years of age. Fewer, but larger, feeds and a higher sucking pressure were associated with a greater degree of adiposity. It seems that a vigorous infant feeding style, consisting of sucking more rapidly, at higher pressure, with a longer suck and burst duration, and a shorter interval between bursts of sucking, is associated with higher caloric intake and greater adiposity. The early development of this feeding style suggests that it may be a genetically endowed behavior. Breast-feeding protected against early adiposity only to the age of 6 months in this cohort of infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2003

Vigorous intake of oil emulsion caused by chronic food deprivation remains after recovery in rats.

Oil emulsion intake over a 30-min period was compared under different dietary conditions (ad libitum feeding and chronic food deprivation) and at various concentrations of oil in rats. The pattern of intake for each dietary condition was extremely different. Food-deprived rats ingested more emulsion when the solution was thicker but intake amount became less at too high a concentration. Ad libitum feeding rats ingested less emulsion than deprived rats with no difference among the concentrations. Rats on a restricted diet clearly differentiated between concentrations, selecting the thicker emulsion when provided two-bottle selection between 10% oil and some other concentration. On the other hand, rats fed ad libitum differentiated between only extremely weak solutions. The vigorous intake of oil emulsion induced by chronic food deprivation was maintained after 2 weeks of normal feeding. Significant difference between prior dietary conditions was maintained at lower concentrations. Dietary timing for food-deprived rats affected little on emulsion intake. These results indicate that response to oil emulsion intake differs by concentration in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of the proliferative responses to peptides in individuals with vigorous Gag protein-specific proliferation.

Proliferative responses to recombinant HIV proteins in infected individuals may represent a correlate of protection from disease progression. In this study, the proliferative responses to HIV p24, p55 and gp120 were evaluated in infected subjects. Whereas, vigorous proliferative responses directed at the Gag proteins were detected in several individuals, Env-specific proliferation was observed in only one subject. Epitope mapping using overlapping peptides demonstrated proliferative responses of PBMC to Gag peptides. Responses were broadly directed at multiple peptides in some subjects. Although several of the peptides that induced proliferative responses also contain CTL epitopes potentially relevant in the particular individuals, many additional Gag T cell epitopes were present in each subject. This finding may be relevant for the design and testing of HIV candidate vaccines.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of one bout of vigorous exercise on ascorbic acid in plasma and oxidative damage to DNA in blood cells and muscle in untrained rats.

We investigated the influence of a single exhaustive bout of downhill running on oxidative damage to DNA and changes of antioxidant vitamin concentrations in rats. Plasma vitamin E levels were unchanged up to 48 hr postexercise. However, plasma ascorbic acid (AA) levels increased after the exercise, then decreased thereafter. This increase corresponded to a marked decrease in AA concentration in the adrenal glands. The activity of hepatic l-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, which catalyzes AA synthesis, was unaltered after the exercise. The weight of the adrenal glands was significantly increased 24 hr postexercise. These results indicate that the change in the plasma AA concentration after vigorous exercise was due mainly to the release of AA from the adrenal glands. The plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and white blood cell (WBC) count increased 3 to 6 hr postexercise. Over this same period, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA, increased in the WBC, but not in the foreleg muscle. Lipid peroxide and vitamin E levels were also unchanged in the foreleg muscle. There was a positive correlation between CPK activity in the plasma and DNA damage in the WBC, suggesting that the DNA damage in the WBC was closely related with muscle damage due to exercise.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The effects of vigorous exercise during pregnancy on birth weight.

Whether or not vigorous exercise during pregnancy affects birth weight is an important issue because birth weight is the single most important determinant of neonatal mortality. A current meta-analysis of randomised trials of exercise during pregnancy did not find, although also did not exclude, a clinically important effect of exercise on birth weight. Randomised trials may miss the women exercising at the most elite levels during pregnancy. We should remain open-minded on this issue until sufficient evidence is available on which to base recommendations.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2006

Peptide-induced hyperactivation-like vigorous flagellar movement in starfish sperm.

Asterosap, a sperm-activating peptide (SAP) from the starfish egg jelly coat, is diffusible and controls a cGMP-signalling pathway in starfish sperm in the same manner as resact, a potent chemoattracting SAP in sea urchins. This fact suggests that asterosap may serve as a chemoattractant like resact at concentrations with appropriate gradients. Since asterosap is one of three egg jelly components, which in concert induce the acrosome reaction, it is still worthwhile to evaluate how asterosap modulates sperm motility prior to this reaction. We analysed the flagellar movement of sperm of the starfish Aphelasterias japonica in artificial seawater (ASW) containing the asterosap isoform P15 at 1 micromol l(-1). We found that sperm swim straighter with more symmetrical flagellar movement in P15 than in ASW, but without any significant difference in the flagellar beat frequency and the swimming velocity. The flagellar movement is, however, dramatically different between sperm firmly attached to the solid surface by the head in P15 and those attached in ASW: in P15 the flagellum bends to a greater extent, with higher curvature and with higher shear angle up to a right angle to the flagellar wave axis, and beats at an increased frequency. The vigorous flagellar movement of sperm, which can be activated when sperm are placed in high-load circumstances just as entering into a jelly layer, may increase propulsive forces and hydrodynamic resistances, allowing sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction as effectively as possible.

Acrosome Reaction↗
PubMed1978

Invariance of odor strength with sniff vigor: an olfactory analogue to size constancy.

Previous evidence has shown that detection threshold in humans and olfactory neural discharge rate in animal preparations both depend on flow rate of odorous vapor. But no data have been reported that show the effects of flow rate in humans on perceived odor strength at suprathreshold intensities. Subjects learned to inspire at two flow rates, one twice as great as the other, by adjusting (on a cathode ray tube) the transduced trace of a sniff-produced pressure change to match either of two target contours. They then made magnitude estimations of odor strength, while producing either weak or strong sniffs, for odorants presented over a wide range of concentrations via a specially designed sniff-bottle system. The odorant, diluted in diethyl phthalate, was n-butanol in two experiments and n-amyl acetate in two others. Subject-controlled flow rate had no effect on odor strength for either odorant. There was an apparent contradiction between these data and those on neural discharge rate that may, however, be resolved by adopting an odor constancy model: When sniff intensity varies during the olfactory exploration of an odor source, information about the rate at which odorant molecules are established at the receptor site is combined with information about sniff vigor so that the resulting percept is of invariant odor strength.

Acetates↗
PubMed2000

Contributions of acute bouts of vigorous physical activity to explaining diurnal variations in feeling states in active, middle-aged women.

This study describes diurnal variations in feeling states in 84 women as a function of involvement in physical activity. Women completed feeling state checklists before and after bouts of vigorous physical activity that lasted a minimum of 20 min and on a stratified random-sampling protocol in response to a stimulus from an electronic pager. Participants self-reported the date, the time of day, the stimulus for responding, their current feeling states, and their ongoing activity. A total of 7,295 complete mood and activity reports were recorded in response to pager calls that were further coded into experience samplings that occurred on a nonexercise day, prior to exercise on an exercise day, and following exercise on an exercise day. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that in samplings recorded following exercise on exercise days, positive engagement, revitalization, and tranquility were elevated in comparison with predicted diurnal patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among children: discrepancies in accelerometry-based cut-off points.

OBJECTIVE: To highlight the discrepancies in accelerometry cut-off points of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) according to the definitions of Puyau et al. (MVPA(P)) and Trost et al. (MVPA(T)). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Forty-five children from 8 to 11 years old were monitored with the ActiGraph (ActiGraph, LLC, Fort Walton Beach, FL) for 3 consecutive days. Daily time spent at MVPA obtained with MVPA(P) was compared with that obtained with MVPA(T) using variability, regression, and agreement statistics. Data were then discussed with regard to physical activity recommendations. RESULTS: The mean daily time spent at MVPA(P) (28 +/- 18 minutes) was significantly lower (p < 10(-4)) than that spent at MVPA(T) (141 +/- 39 minutes). The coefficient of determination between the two definitions was low (R(2) = 0.49 +/- 0.71). There was a lack of agreement between the two definitions, with a mean error or bias of 113 min/d. Thirty-four point eight percent and 100% of children underwent 30-minute MVPA/d with MVPA(P) and MVPA(T) definitions, respectively. DISCUSSION: Comparability between studies devoted to describing children's physical activity or to assessing interventions may lack consistency according to the definition, with a real risk of misclassification.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Vigorous exercise and the population distribution of body weight.

BACKGROUND: While the benefits of vigorous exercise on body weight and regional adiposity are well established, whether these benefits affect equally the highest and lowest portions of the weight distribution have not been previously reported. The impact of exercise on the more extreme body weights and body circumferences is clinically important because these values represent individuals at greatest health risk. METHOD: Self-reported weights and body circumferences from a cross-sectional sample of 7288 male and 2326 female runners were divided into five strata, according to the distances run per week and within each stratum the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles were determined. Least-squares regression was then employed at each percentile to determine the dose-response relationship between running distance and adiposity as determined by body mass index (BMI) and self-reported circumferences of the waist, hip and chest. RESULTS: Per kilometer run per week, the associated decline for BMI was three-fold greater at the 95th than at the 5th percentile in men, and six-fold greater at the 95th than the 5th percentile in women (all P<0.001). Reported waist circumference also declined more sharply at the 95th percentile than at the 5th percentile in men (-0.13 +/- 0.02 vs -0.06 +/- 0.01 cm per km/week) and women (-0.18 +/- 0.04 vs -0.05 +/- 0.01 cm per km/week). In women, both hip and chest circumferences declined more sharply per kilometer run at the 95th percentile than at the 5th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that running promotes the greatest weight loss specifically in those individuals who have the most to gain from losing weight. Comparisons based on average BMI or average body circumferences are likely to underestimate the health benefits of running because of the J-shaped relationship between adiposity and mortality. Whether the observed cross-sectional associations are primarily due to exercise-induced weight loss or self-selection remains to be determined.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Vigorous response in plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-BNP) to acute myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) results in activation of neurohormonal systems and increased plasma concentrations of myocardial enzymes and structural proteins. We hypothesized that plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-BNP) would respond more vigorously after MI than those of other natriuretic peptides. We also sought to compare this response with that of the established myocardial injury markers troponin T (TnT), myoglobin and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB). We obtained multiple blood samples for measurement of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), N-terminal pro-ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-BNP along with CK-MB, TnT and myoglobin in 24 patients presenting to the Coronary Care Unit within 6 h of onset of MI. Multiple samples were obtained in the first 24 h, then at 72 h, 1 week, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. NT-BNP increased rapidly to peak at 24 h and exhibited greater ( P <0.001) absolute increments from baseline compared with BNP and ANP, whereas NT-ANP did not change from baseline. Proportional increments in NT-BNP were also greater than those for the other natriuretic peptides ( P <0.05). Natriuretic peptide levels reached their peak around 24 h, later than peak TnT, CK-MB and myoglobin (peak between 1-10 h), and NT-BNP and ANP remained elevated on average for 12 weeks. Our present results, with detailed sampling of a cohort of acute MI patients, demonstrate greater absolute and proportional increments in NT-BNP than ANP or BNP with sustained elevation of these peptides at 12 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Battered child syndrome: cerebral ultrasound and CT findings after vigorous shaking.

Child abuse by whiplash-shaking can lead to severe cerebral damage, neurological defects and mental retardation. Cerebral damage has been found with and without external evidence of head injury. We report the sonographic findings in two children after traumatization due to repetitive vigorous whiplash shaking. Cerebral sonography revealed cerebral edema at admission or within 48 hours thereafter. Follow-up studies demonstrated development of marked brain atrophy in both cases. The sonographic findings were confirmed by cranial computerized tomography. Doppler sonography was used to monitor cerebral perfusion by measuring intracranial blood flow. The clinical history of the patients demonstrates that cerebral sonography in combination with Doppler sonography not only serves as a diagnostic tool but also allows adjustment of therapy to the actual clinical status of the patient.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

NF-IL6 (C/EBPbeta ) vigorously activates il1b gene expression via a Spi-1 (PU.1) protein-protein tether.

Two classes of transcription factors, ETS and bZIP, stand out as key mediators of monocyte commitment and differentiation. The ETS domain factor Spi-1 (also called PU.1) and the bZIP factor NF-IL6 (also called C/EBPbeta) have been shown to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of interleukin-1beta gene (il1b) and other monocyte-specific genes. We now show that these two factors strongly cooperate on the il1b core promoter (-59/+12) in the absence of direct NF-IL6 binding to DNA. Transient transfection assays, using mutated il1b core promoters, showed that the Spi-1, but not the NF-IL6, binding site is absolutely required for functional cooperativity. Furthermore, the NF-IL6 transactivation domain (TAD) is functionally indispensable and more critical than that of Spi-1. Additionally, TAD-deficient NF-IL6 functions as a dominant negative for Spi-1-mediated activation, suggesting the involvement of the bZIP DNA binding domain. This is supported by the demonstration of in vitro interaction between the NF-IL6 bZIP and Spi-1 winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) DNA binding domains, arguing that NF-IL6 vigorously activates the il1b core promoter via protein-tethered transactivation mediated by Spi-1.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Children's frequency of participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities.

Third and fourth grade boys (n = 422) and girls (n = 390) in four Texas elementary schools reported their participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) over a 3-day period. Students were surveyed during class on successive days. On a subsample (n = 44), the agreement between reported and observed physical activities during physical education or recess was 86.3%. Running, walking fast, games and sports, and bicycling accounted for 70% of Total MVPAs. Of Total MVPAs reported, 47.0% for boys and 44.6% for girls were 10 min or longer in duration (LMVPA). The average number of LMVPAs per day was 1.7 for both boys and girls. Students reported significantly more occurrences of LMVPAs out of school than during school. Significant interaction between grade and gender indicated that third grade boys reported more Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than third grade girls, but fourth grade boys reported fewer Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than fourth grade girls reported fewer Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than fourth grade girls. During the 3-day reporting period, 12.3% of boys and 13.3% of girls reported no LMVPAs, and 35.6% of boys and girls reported fewer than one LMVPAs per day. While the majority of children reported obtaining at least some activity daily, a substantial proportion of children in this sample reported fewer than one LMVPA daily, indicating that many children may not be obtaining adequate amounts of physical activity.

Child↗