Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VOCATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Relations among sociodemographic, neurologic, clinical, and neuropsychologic variables, and vocational status following mild traumatic brain injury: a follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the long-term relations among sociodemographic, neurologic, clinical, and neuropsychologic variables, and vocational status in persons with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), and to identify the symptoms that determine whether or not these individuals return to work. DESIGN: Longitudinal quasi-experimental between-groups design. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-five MTBI subjects aged between 16 and 65 years. SETTING: The emergency ward of the Trois-Rivieres Regional Hospital Centre in Quebec, Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale score, duration of posttraumatic amnesia, duration of retrograde amnesia, total of symptoms at emergency, time elapsed since the trauma, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task, Stroop Color Word Test, California Verbal Learning Test, and the number of symptoms at follow-up (12 to 36 months posttrauma). RESULTS: Only the total number of symptoms reported at follow-up was related to vocational status. The majority of individuals had returned to work 1 year or more post-MTBI. Individuals who had not returned to work reported the greatest number of symptoms, which could be linked to their affective status. Six affective symptoms, 5 cognitive symptoms, 6 physical symptoms, and 8 symptoms relating to social and daily life activities differentiated the participants who had returned to work from those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Patient characteristics, injury severity indicators, and cognitive functions were not associated with vocational status. To better understand post-MTBI vocational status, it is important to focus on subjective complaints that arise following the injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The organization of vocational rehabilitation: the structure of success.

Focusing on vocational rehabilitation goals provides an understanding of the underlying structural and behavioural factors affecting successful employment outcomes. Two types of vocational centres having contrasting rehabilitation employment orientations are examined. Both types have similar end goals but organizational structures shaping divergent means toward the gainful employment of disabled persons. Utilizing a split sample of 14 vocational rehabilitation programmes in Israel, 7 sheltered and 7 supported programmes, a structured questionnaire of key administrative personnel and employees was generated. Success was based on six consensus measures. Clear differences between administrative, organizational and programme goals emerge, which affect goal priority and source of success measurement. Employing regression models, three keys to success are detected which stress the interplay between internal and external organization reference criteria in affecting success attainment. The results suggest that the organization of vocational rehabilitation has a direct impact on rehabilitation success.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Medical vocational guidance for adolescents--is it effective?

The outcome of school medical vocational guidance was studied in all 1595 students enrolled in 1987 in grade 9 in the primary schools of Linköping. In grade 9, the school health service had listed 249 students with a chronic disorder. These were sent a questionnaire which was answered by 235 students. Only 5/235 stated that vocational information from physicians and school nurses had been important for their choice of career. No more than 22/235 had chosen a medically ill-suited secondary school study course. This figure is close to the number expected, assuming that all choices of study courses are at random. At follow-up in May 1989, no one said that they had changed study course or work due to their medical disorder. Thus, school medical vocational guidance seems to have little effect on the vocational choices of adolescents with chronic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A multidisciplinary job retention vocational rehabilitation programme for patients with chronic rheumatic diseases: patients' and occupational physicians' satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patients' and occupational physicians' satisfaction with the quality of a vocational rehabilitation programme for maintaining work ability in chronic rheumatic diseases. METHODS: The vocational rehabilitation programme was developed for patients with rheumatic diseases and consisted of systematic assessment of the problems at work and the development of individual solutions. The programme was run by a multidisciplinary team comprising a rheumatologist, a social worker, a physical and occupational therapist, and a psychologist. Satisfaction ratings were measured using a multidimensional questionnaire involving a rating scale (0-10) and a structured telephone interview. RESULTS: 59 of the 65 patients who participated in the programme (91%) completed the questionnaire. Patients were most satisfied with the interpersonal approach and professional knowledge, and least satisfied with the waiting time for the final report and the practical application of the given advice. Mean satisfaction score was 7.3 (SD 1.0). Twenty eight of the occupational physicians involved were interviewed. They were satisfied with the programme overall; 21 (75%) stated that their role in the vocational rehabilitation process could be defined more clearly, and they would appreciate more contact with the team members, preferably in the early phases. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' and occupational physicians' satisfaction with a multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme was good. Areas for improvement mainly concerned the speed of the process and the communication between team members and occupational physicians.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Integration of psychiatric and vocational services: a multisite randomized, controlled trial of supported employment.

OBJECTIVE: Although large-scale surveys indicate that patients with severe mental illness want to work, their unemployment rate is three to five times that of the general adult population. This multisite, randomized implementation effectiveness trial examined the impact of highly integrated psychiatric and vocational rehabilitation services on the likelihood of successful work outcomes. METHOD: At seven sites nationwide, 1,273 outpatients with severe mental illness were randomly assigned either to an experimental supported employment program or to a comparison/services-as-usual condition and followed for 24 months. Data collection involved monthly services tracking, semiannual in-person interviews, recording of all paid employment, and program ratings made by using a services-integration measure. The likelihood of competitive employment and working 40 or more hours per month was examined by using mixed-effects random regression analysis. RESULTS: Subjects served by models that integrated psychiatric and vocational service delivery were more than twice as likely to be competitively employed and almost 1(1/2) times as likely to work at least 40 hours per month when the authors controlled for time, demographic, clinical, and work history confounds. In addition, higher cumulative amounts of vocational services were associated with better employment outcomes, whereas higher cumulative amounts of psychiatric services were associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Supported employment models with high levels of integration of psychiatric and vocational services were more effective than models with low levels of service integration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

How psychiatrists use vocational rehabilitation resources.

Little information is available in the literature on the extent to which psychiatrists use vocational rehabilitation resources for their patients and the kind of services they use. A survey of 174 members of a regional psychiatric society on their use of vocational rehabilitation services showed that psychiatrists referred few patients, that younger patients were referred more often than older ones, and that men were more often referred than women. Seriously disturbed patients were more often referred than less seriously ill patients. The state vocational rehabilitation agency was the one most often used by the referring psychiatrists. The authors suggest improvements in psychiatric residency training and the establishment of information programs to increase the use of vocational rehabilitation referrals by psychiatrists.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Prevocational exploration and vocational rehabilitation of the psychiatric client.

The primary objective of this paper is to survey current trends in the United States in the use of vocational rehabilitation services for the psychiatric client in relation to occupational therapy. In assessing the techniques and services that can be employed by occupational therapists working in psychiatric rehabilitation centers, nine vocational rehabilitation prototypes have been identified, i.e., evaluation of skills and aptitudes, occupational information groups, individual counseling, vocational training, pre-employment group counseling, transitional volunteer work, sheltered work, temporary tryout work, and special placement. Based on a number of descriptive clinical studies, it can be concluded that vocational rehabilitation serves as a key factor in a comprehensive psychiatric treatment program located in the community. In general, work provides the psychiatric client with opportunities to be in the mainstream of life and to attain the psychological satisfactions that are derived from being employed.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Vocational-technical programs: follow-up of students with learning disabilities.

Recent research has examined the role of vocational-technical training in facilitating the transition from school to work of adolescents with learning disabilities. The present study provided 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up data on such students who had attended vocational-technical programs. Matched groups of students without disabilities from vocational-technical programs, as well as randomly selected students without disabilities from regular high schools, were also included for comparisons. Results of the study raised several questions about the value and purpose of vocational-technical training for adolescents with learning disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A homogeneous group of persons with learning disabilities: adults with severe learning disabilities in vocational rehabilitation.

The results of a comprehensive psychoeducational assessment of adults having learning disabilities (LD) and participating in vocational rehabilitation are presented. The subjects were found to have low-average general intelligence; lower verbal than performance IQs; attention, reasoning, and auditory memory deficits; academic achievement at the fourth-/fifth-grade level; language problems; and low self-esteem. These results were contrasted with other studies of adults with LD in vocational rehabilitation, and all studies on this population reported similar findings. A comparison of studies of adults with LD who were clients of vocational rehabilitation with those in college or employed and with those who had been labeled as learning disabled in childhood indicated that the adults with LD in vocational rehabilitation seem to constitute a homogeneous group of persons with severe deficits. The need to subtype learning disabilities by severity and criteria for making such determinations are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning disabilities and vocational rehabilitation.

Students with learning disabilities have received services in special education programs for many years. Unfortunately, many of these students continue to need services after they exit high schools. Vocational rehabilitation has begun to provide services for young adults with learning disabilities; however, there continues to be a discrepancy between the number of adults with learning disabilities who need vocational rehabilitation services and those who are receiving them. This article describes the definitions and eligibility criteria used by vocational rehabilitation agencies to serve adults with learning disabilities. By understanding the vocational rehabilitation system, teachers, it is hoped, will be better able to access these services for their students with learning disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The positive force of vocational education: transition outcomes for youth with learning disabilities.

Successful transitions to postsecondary settings are associated with such adult outcomes as continuing education, independent living, and employment. The purpose of this article is to present research that supports the use of vocational education programs to improve the adult outcomes of students with learning disabilities as they transition to employment. The literature review focuses on four major topics: (a) data from follow-up and follow-along studies illustrating the relationship between vocational-technical education and adult outcomes; (b) recent program trends in vocational education; (c) current practices in vocational education regarding placement and access, instructional and setting demands, and teacher attitudes and preparation; and (d) speculations about the effects of school reform and pending legislation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A neuropsychological approach to the assessment of adults with learning disabilities in vocational rehabilitation.

A description of cognitive, academic, and personality characteristics of adults with learning disabilities (LD) referred for services through the state/federal vocational rehabilitation system is presented. This study builds on the work of Minskoff, Hawks, Steidle, and Hoffmann (1989) and validates their conclusions that, as a group, adults with LD participating in vocational rehabilitation are homogeneous relative to other groups of adults with LD. By taking a neuropsychological approach to the assessment process, the current study further subdivided the assessment categories described by Minskoff et al. This approach assumes that the vocational competence of adults with learning disabilities may be better understood in terms of their visual and auditory perception; verbal and nonverbal reasoning; verbal and mixed (verbal/nonverbal) learning; linguistic and nonlinguistic memory; semantic, expressive, and receptive language; basic and conceptual academic skills; and social and psychological adjustments. The data analyses identify several potential patterns of psychosocial and neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses that may be important in vocational rehabilitation efforts.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Ego-delay and vocational behavior.

Two hypotheses derived from ego analytic vocational theory were tested using neuropsychiatric patients referred for vocational rehabilitation procedures. Subjects who obtained higher ego-delay scores derived from a time estimation technique were found to obtain higher vocational aptitude scores and higher levels of vocational readjustment following disability. Issues for counseling and further research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of mild, moderate and severe closed head injury on long-term vocational status.

Survival from significant closed head injury (CHI) is frequently associated with cognitive defects, physical impairment, personality change, interpersonal difficulty and, in general, some degree of social dependence. Here we report a multidimensional assessment of quality of life of a sample of 131 male head-injury patients suffering a range of severities of insult with specific emphasis on vocational outcome. Of those patients who sustained a severe injury and were employed full-time prior to the CHI, only 55% were able to return to this level of employment. No differences were found between the moderate and severe groups in pre- or post-CHI occupational status, as measured by the Blishen (1967) quantitative social economic index, although both groups declined from pre- to post-CHI. Lower post-CHI occupational status was associated with lower GCS on admission and longer lengths of post-traumatic amnesia, with patient self-report of physical, cognitive and psychosocial difficulties, including spousal reports of confusion, belligerance, verbal expansiveness and the decreased ability to perform socially-expected activities. Stepwise multiple regression analysis accounted for 38% of variance in post-injury vocational status, with lower pre-injury vocational status, greater age, high physical and psychological difficulties and lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score variables forming the regression equation. Implications are discussed in terms of rehabilitation issues, including vocational programming and planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Vocational and social adjustment after laryngectomy.

This study examined the vocational and social adjustment of 62 persons with cancer of the larynx. Predisability data were obtained by interview on 14 measures which assessed the vocational, social, and home adjustment prior to cancer. Post-disability data were obtained after laryngectomy by interview on 21 measures of adjustment. Additional measures include severity of laryngeal cancer classified by clinival stages, total or partial laryngectomy, presence of radiation therapy, presence of speech, months since surgery, age, sex, education, and marital status. The best predictors of vocational and social adjustment after laryngectomy were: removation, realism, rehabiltation outlook, previous vocational plans, highest educational grade, educational plans, and acquisition of speech. There were no significant differences in adjustment among patients in different clinical stages.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Rehabilitation that works--vocational outcomes following rehabilitation for occupational musculoskeletal pain.

AIMS: To describe the short term vocational outcome for accident compensation claimaints with disabling musculoskeletal pain following a comprehensive, interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme. METHODS: A telephone follow-up audit of clients who had undertaken a rehabilitation programme characterised by a cognitive-behavioural approach with self-management, reconditioning, vocational rehabilitation and psychological pain management. RESULTS: Of 62 clients who had undergone a rehabilitation programme, we obtained follow-up information on 49 (79%). These were predominantly male, aged in their mid 30s, manual workers with low back pain and a median sick leave of twelve months. At a median of five months a vocational success was achieved in 75%: working full time (47%), part time (12%) or actively looking for work (16%). Of those in work, 48% went back to the same job, 7% went back to the same job but with a different employer and 15% went to a different job that used the same skills. Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of work disability was the major predictor of vocational success (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.78, for a difference of twelve months). CONCLUSION: Despite the uncontrolled nature of these results, it is likely that the rehabilitation programme had a significant impact in getting compensation claimants back to work. Only a minority require substantive retraining and early intervention is associated with a better outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Vocational adjustment after laryngectomy.

The vocational adjustment of 130 persons after laryngectomy was examined by a semistructured questionnaire which elicited responses on 26 measures including vocational plans, work values, remotivation to work, realism, rehabilitation outlook and speech characteristics. Responses were coded according to the Goldberg Scale of Vocational Development with reliabilities ranging between 0.80 and 0.99. Prior to laryngectomy, 30 persons were unemployed or retired, and 100 persons were employed. After laryngectomy, of the 100 employed persons, 51 remained employed, 31 retired, and 18 were too disabled to work. Higher work values, higher remotivation, greater realism, optimistic rehabilitation outlook, previous employment and previous social involvement correlated positively with employment after laryngectomy (p less than 0.05). The continued employment of 50% of laryngectomees compares favorably with that reported in other studies. Persons who developed the basic ability to cope realistically with their disability had the best chance of continuing employment. Persons with an optimistic outlook about the future course of their disease were more likely to return to employment. This group constitutes a productive clientele for vocational rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Practice guidelines: therapeutic interventions aimed at assisting people with bipolar affective disorder achieve their vocational goals.

Based on a thorough review of literature and findings from an earlier study on what are the factors helping individuals with bipolar disorder to find and remain in employment, the practice guidelines are proposed to aim at assisting individuals affected by bipolar disorder or other persistent mental disorder achieve their vocational goals. The proposed guidelines emphasise an integrated approach to the employment problem, incorporating clinical, vocational training and employment services. The guidelines advocate quick job placements as opposed to prolonged pre-vocational assessment and training are preferable for people with bipolar disorder in view of their usual high educational achievements and vocational experiences prior to the onset of illness. When necessary, a graduated approach to immediate placement may be adopted. Interventions proposed in these guidelines involve working with an individual client, mobilising support from family, workmates, managers, advising the employers on provision of support systems within the actual workplace and liaising with government agencies to reinforce client's aspiration to work.

Bipolar Disorder↗