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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Vitamin A deficiency in poor, urban, lactating women in Bangladesh: factors influencing vitamin A status.

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among lactating women in a poor urban population of Bangladesh, and to examine the relationship between various factors and vitamin A status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Maternal and child health clinic in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 120 lactating women aged 17-37 years were randomly selected from women who attended a local maternal and child health clinic in Dhaka City for immunisation of their children. Various socio-economic, personal characteristics, dietary intakes of vitamin A and anthropometric data were collected. Serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration was determined as a measure of vitamin A status. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 37% had low serum vitamin A levels (<30 microg x dl-1), with 13.3% having sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (<20 microg x dl-1). Eighty-seven per cent had vitamin A intakes below the recommended dietary allowance. The lactating women who were either illiterate or received only informal education had significantly lower serum vitamin A levels compared with those who received formal education. The women whose husbands received formal education had significantly higher serum vitamin A levels than those whose husbands were either illiterate or received only informal education. The serum vitamin A levels of women in households with poor sanitation/latrine practice were significantly lower than those of women in households with good sanitation/latrine practice. The women with one child had significantly lower serum vitamin A levels than those with two or more children. Women with a lactation period of 6 months or more had significantly lower serum vitamin A levels than women with a lactation period of less than 6 months. The women who consumed less than the median vitamin A intake (274.8 microg day-1) had significantly lower serum vitamin A levels than those who consumed more than the median vitamin A intake. By multiple regression analysis, education level of the women, number of living children, duration of lactation and dietary intake of vitamin A were found to have significant independent relationships with serum vitamin A. The overall F-ratio (6.8) was highly significant the adjusted R2 was 0.16 (multiple ). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of poor, urban, lactating women in Bangladesh have vitamin A deficiency. Among the various factors, education level of the women, number of living children, duration of lactation and dietary intake of vitamin A appear to be important in influencing the vitamin A status of these women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Influence of dietary vitamin A content on serum and liver vitamin A concentrations and health in preruminant Holstein calves fed milk replacer.

Evidence has suggested that the current requirement for vitamin A tabulated by the NRC [(approximately 3800 IU of vitamin A/kg of dry matter (DM)] for dairy calves fed liquid diets is too low. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin A content in milk replacers on serum and liver vitamin A concentrations, growth, and development of clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency in calves. Male Holstein calves were separated from their dams at birth and given standardized feedings of colostrum and milk replacer for 3 d. On d 4, calves were assigned to five groups and fed milk replacer containing 2300, 6200, 9000, 18,300, or 44,000 IU of vitamin A/kg of DM. Liver biopsies and serum samples were taken on d 4, 9, 15, 21, and 28 to monitor vitamin A concentrations. Weekly physical and neurological examinations were performed to monitor the development of deficiency signs. Fecal scores, body temperature, and the presence of nasal and ocular discharge were recorded daily. Liver vitamin A concentrations in calves allotted to diets with 2300 and 6200 IU of vitamin A/kg decreased from d 4 to 28. Calves fed 9000 IU of vitamin A/kg maintained liver stores, while those fed 18,300 and 44,000 IU of vitamin A/kg had significant increases in hepatic vitamin A. A strong negative association existed between incidence of hyperthermic temperatures and vitamin A concentration in the diet; calves fed 2300 IU of vitamin A/kg had approximately three times more hyperthermic readings than did calves fed other treatments. A strong negative association also existed between fecal score and concentration of vitamin A in the diet; calves fed diets containing low vitamin A concentration had a higher incidence of high fecal scores (more watery) than did calves fed diets with higher vitamin A concentrations. Although slight differences were detected in serum retinol concentration, growth performance and incidence of ocular and nasal discharges were not different among treatment groups. Our data indicate that vitamin A concentrations of less than 9000 IU/kg of DM in milk replacers result in declining liver vitamin A stores in preruminant calves. Using the human Dietary Reference Intakes as a model for calculating the requirement, we recommend that the vitamin A requirement for preruminant calves should be increased to 11,000 IU of vitamin A/kg of DM.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Stability of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in artificially prepared, vitamin-enriched, lyophilized serum.

Vitamin-enriched, lyophilized serum (VES) was prepared for an inter-laboratory study to compare vitamin assays. The VES contained water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and folate), fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A and vitamin E), and cholesterol. We performed stability studies and determined vitamin concentrations and total cholesterol in VES stored at -20 degrees C for 12 months. Our recovery of the water-soluble vitamins in reconstituted VES was 70-142%, but we recovered only 33-45% of the fat-soluble vitamins. Physicochemical properties, such as specific gravity and viscosity of the reconstituted VES did not affect manual or automated measurements of these vitamins. Vial-to-vial differences found for the VES were the same as the within-day analytical variations. There was no evidence of degradation of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin C, folate, and cholesterol over 12 months in VES stored at -20 degrees C. Following deproteinization, vitamin C concentration was found to be lower than when not deproteinated. Vitamin E was less stable in VES, however, and the degradation during 12 months was lower than the between-day analytical variation of the assay. Our VES is the first preparation of lyophilized control serum that contains water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of vitamin E supplementation on the vitamin content of lipoprotein in young men and women].

UNLABELLED: The effect of supplementary Vitamin E on the vitamin content of lipoproteins in young men and women. Inappropriate vitamin and trace element supplementation may facilitate the development of atherosclerosis. It is known that Vitamin E protects lipids from oxidative stress, while clinical signs of atherosclerosis appear later in women compared to men. AIMS: (1) The increase of vitamin E in plasma and plasma lipoproteins after 4 weeks of supplementation vitamin E was investigated, (2) furthermore it was tested whether a proportion shift occurs in alpha-tocopherol content of lipoproteins, (3) and checked for gender-related differences in plasma and plasma lipoprotein vitamin E levels before, during and after treatment, (4) plasma CRP levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation were also followed. METHODS: 5-5 young healthy men and women took part in the study, receiving 700 IU/day Vitamin E for one month. Each subject was studied before and at the end of treatment, and also one month after treatment. HDL and LDL-VLDL containing lipoproteins were separated. Vitamin E and hsCRP levels were measured (by HPLC and an immunoturbidimetric method, respectively). RESULTS: Vitamin E treatment induced in both genders an approximately threefold increase in vitamin E concentration in HDL-cholesterol (8.1 +/- 1.7 micromol/l vs. 22.5 +/- 7.5 micromol/l, p < 0.001), and a twofold increase in LDL-VLDL-cholesterol (22.0 +/- 3.7 micromol/l vs. 49.0 +/- 9.0 micromol/l, p < 0.001). Plasma and HDL vitamin E levels were higher in women than in men at the onset of treatment (6.8 +/- 0.96 micromol/l vs. 9.5 +/- 1.10 micromol/l), but during the treatment these gender-related differences disappeared. When plasma vitamin E concentration were considered 100% and the changes of the vitamin E concentrations of lipoproteins were calculated, it was found that supplementation with vitamin E in men increased the vitamin E concentration of LDL-VLDL cholesterol to a higher extent compared to women (LDL-VLDL % in men: 59.8 +/- 7.43%, in women: 49.3 +/- 7.41%, p < 0.05). All the observed changes regressed one month after cessation of supplementation. The level of hsCRP decreased during vitamin E treatment (1.07 +/- 0.9 mg/l vs. 0.2 +/- 0.14 mg/l, p < 0.001), and remained suppressed after the cessation of treatment (0.37 +/- 0.4, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that women at young age are better protected against lipid-peroxidation as compared to men because of higher HDL vitamin E concentrations. Vitamin E supplementation in men eliminates this concentration difference between genders, and also increases LDL-VLDL vitamin E. In both genders high concentration of vitamin E in lipoproteins was associated with low hsCRP concentration.

Adult↗