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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

A cooperative regulatory module between TAGL2 and JMJC1 activates specific defense genes against root-knot nematodes in tomato.

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) threaten global food security. Although epigenetic modifications are crucial for plant immunity, how histone modifiers contribute to root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne incognita) resistance remains unclear. Here, using genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches, we investigated the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying RKN resistance mediated by the histone demethylase (HDM) JMJC1 and the MADS-box transcription factor TAGL2 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We identified JMJC1 as an RKN-induced positive defense regulator targeting H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 histone marks. JMJC1 physically interacts with TAGL2, which also positively regulates RKN resistance. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that TAGL2 regulates multiple layers of the plant defense network, transcriptionally activating representative genes from distinct pathways (including PUB10, bHLH98, CCaMK, and SAUR3), which we validated as positive regulators of RKN resistance via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). At the chromatin level, TAGL2 and JMJC1 co-regulate these loci, associating with localized H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 reduction. Furthermore, TAGL2 directly activates JMJC1 transcription, establishing a positive feedback loop that amplifies immune signaling. Our findings reveal a cooperative model wherein a HDM and a transcription factor coordinate at specific loci to fine-tune multiple defense layers at both epigenetic and transcriptional levels, providing insights for breeding durable nematode-resistant plants.

Solanum lycopersicum↗
PubMed2025

CsMYB219 and CsMYB196 influence epigallocatechin gallate biosynthesis in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by regulating CsSCPL1A gene expression.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active catechin in tea leaves and has been widely utilized in the development of functional foods. EGCG is catalyzed by serine carboxypeptidase-like 1A (CsSCPL1A) acyltransferases in tea plants. Although CsSCPL family genes are regulated by several transcription factors (TFs), systematic studies on their regulation by MYB TFs are lacking. This study integrates targeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, DNA-protein, and protein-protein interaction analyses to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of EGCG biosynthesis-related genes CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5-1 by R2R3-MYB TFs. CsMYB219 and CsMYB196 can specifically bind to CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5-1 promoters and activate their expression. CsMYB196 also interacted with CsTT8a and CsTTG1 to activate the transcription activity of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5-1 promoters by forming a MYB/bHLH/WD40 (MBW) complex. Promoter truncation assays delineated MYB-responsive cis-elements in CsSCPL4 (-613 to -1 bp with enhancers at -1967 to -1622) and CsSCPL5-1 (-503 to -296 bp). Silencing of CsMYB219 and CsMYB196 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay significantly reduced the expression levels of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5-1 and EGCG content in tea leaves. Transient overexpression of CsMYB219 and CsMYB196 in tea leaves upregulated CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5-1 expression and elevated EGCG content. These findings enhance our understanding of the regulatory network underlying EGCG biosynthesis in tea plants and provide a solid foundation for future genetic improvement of tea plant cultivars.

Catechin↗
PubMed1992

Survival of Bacillus licheniformis in Seawater Model Ecosystems.

The fate of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 was monitored after introduction into laboratory microcosms and mesocosms established in the Knebel Vig estuary, Denmark. The model organism was detected by a combination of immunofluorescence microscopy and nonselective plating followed by colony blotting. This allowed simultaneous quantification of intact cells and culturable cells. B. licheniformis DSM 13 adapted poorly to the conditions in filtered (0.2-mum-pore-size filter) seawater. Results from additional microcosm studies using natural seawater demonstrated that protozoan grazing also was important in regulating the population of the introduced model organism. In experiments using mesocosms, B. licheniformis DSM 13 also showed a rapid die-off. The introduction of the organism led to increased nutrient levels and to increased growth of both autotrophic and heterotrophic components of the plankton community compared with those of control enclosures. Thereby, a more intensive predation impact on the bacterioplankton community was induced. The combination of microcosm and mesocosm experiments provides a scenario in which the influence of single biotic and abiotic factors on survival of introduced organisms can be tested and in which the effect of the introduction on ecosystem structure and function can be evaluated. This test concept might prove useful in risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Virus-induced silencing of FtsH gene in Nicotiana benthmiana causes a striking bleached leaf phenotype.

A recombinant Potato virus X (PVX) vector, pTXS.FtsH, harboring partial sequence of FtsH gene of Nicotiana benthamiana was constructed to silence the expression of endogenous FtsH homologous gene in N. benthamiana. Inoculation with in vitro runoff transcript of pTXS.FtsH to N. benthamiana plants allowed silencing of FtsH, causing striking bleaching of upper leaves reminiscent of var2 mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana. FtsH-silenced plants exhibited no resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and a phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of N. benthamiana with PVX as demonstrated here would be an efficient and rapid method to study the function of other elements of photosystem II (PSII) in planta.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Induction and biochemical purification of RNA-induced silencing complex from Drosophila S2 cells.

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) has greatly simplified the process of suppressing genes in many experimental systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mammalian cells. A sequence-specific nuclease complex, called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), can be purified from cells undergoing RNAi. RISC shows RNase activity when exposed to RNAs homologous to the input double-stranded RNA (dsRNAs) but lacks activity in the presence of nontargeted RNAs. We describe the induction of RNAi by dsRNA in cultured Drosophila Schneider-2 (S2) cells and detail procedures for RISC purification from these cells. This purification approach has allowed us to identify several RISC components, including siRNAs, Argo naute 2 (Ago-2), Drosophila Fragile X related protein (dFXR), Vasa intronic gene (VIG), and the micrococcal nuclease family member Tudor-SN (Drosophila CG7008). RNAi is carried out by an endogenous pathway important for normal development in many organisms. In fact, organisms express hundreds of different microRNAs (miRNAs), small hairpin RNAs that function through the RNAi pathway to suppress expression of endogenous genes. The function of miRNAs is poorly understood, and most of their targets are unknown. Purified RISC complexes contain short interfering RNAs and endogenously expressed miRNAs and will be useful for studying many aspects of the RNAi machinery.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Style of lecturing of medical teacher--an evaluation by medical students of Mymensingh Medical College.

It was a cross sectional descriptive type of study carried out among the 3rd year, 4th year and 5th year medical students of Mymensingh Medical College (MMC) with the objective of finding out the various lecture style followed by medical teachers of MMC and other relevant information regarding teaching tools used related to lecturing. The sample size was 134 who were selected purposively. The study was conducted in the month of June 2004. One thirty four (134) respondents were interviewed by pre tested questionnaire. From the study it was revealed that majority (66%) of these respondents were male and 34% were female and 57%, 28.5% and 14.5% were 3rd, 4th and 5th year students respectively. A good number of students (82.5%) expressed their opinion that lecture time was sufficient for their learning. Among the medical teachers the lecture methods followed were VIG (81%) OP (54%) EP (47.2%) EL (25.5%) AT (23%). Eighty Seven percent of the students gave their opinion that the best style of lecture was EP. Seventy and half percent students disliked the AT style followed by OP, which was 85.5%. Seventy two percent of the students were not satisfied with the teaching aids used by the teachers. OHP (90%) was the most commonly used teaching material. Most of the respondents (97.5%) expressed their opinion that SGT was the most suitable way for imparting information.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of the West Nile Fever virus from human patients during an epidemic outbreak in the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions].

Two strains of West Nile virus LEIV 27889 Vig and Ast 986 were isolated from the brain of a dead subject and from the blood of a patient, respectively, during an outbreak of serous meningitis and meningoencephalitis in July-September, 1999, in the Volgograd region, Krasnodar territory, and Astrakhan region. These strains reacted with convalescent sera in hemagglutination inhibition test, which proves their etiological role in this outbreak.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgeons, midwives and physicians in Senta in the 18th and 19th centuries].

INTRODUCTION: Authors present history data on development of the medical profession in Prussia, Germany, Austria and Hungary, that is countries from which surgeons, midwives and physicians most often came to work in Senta. It has been established that mostly junior physicians and "surgeons" came to our country, and from the forties till nineties of the 19th century they made a considerable number of our first medical professionals. In 1872 a law was passed according to which only doctors of medicine with university degrees were allowed to practice medicine, and so junior physicians gradually disappeared. OUR INVESTIGATIONS AND DATA: The earliest data on health care of Senta date back to the tax register for 1771 according to which the expenditure for November contained expenses for bread and half of the allowance for fodder which were paid to the city surgeon. According to the census from 1774/75 the first registered barber surgeon was Mihalj Nad, whereas four years later he was advertised as a surgeon in the tax register. In the following years more surgeons were registered: Janos Grubanovic, Jozef Forgac, Antal Kovac and Johan Brun. The first city midwife registered in the city court record in 1794 was Doroteja Gubik. During 18th century at the territory of Senta only barbers and surgeons were known, and there were no graduated physicians. The first city physician who received a degree from the School of Medicine was Samuel Borod who started working in Senta on April 24, 1822. After that, during 19th century the following physicians worked in Senta: Dr. Laslo Eres, Dr. Jozef Cendic, Dr. Simon Slezinger, Dr. Janos Nepomuki Revai, Dr. Zigmund Veksler, Dr. Adolf Glikstal, Dr. Jozef Kelner, Dr. Mor Lendvai, Dr. Sandor Meri, Dr. Jozef Havel and Dr. Jozef Rejcer. Dr. Janos Nepomuki Revai was at the head of the public health care of our town for 40 years, whereas his predecessor Dr. Jozef Cendić was engaged in this honorable profession for 30 years. Dr. Janos Revai was an outstanding person who introduced vaccination against smallpox and diphtheria, prevented further spreading of trachoma, stopped a great epidemic of cholera in 1892/93 and continually worked on promotion and improvement of health care in Senta. During 19th century the following surgeons worked in Senta: Istvan Budai, Mihajlo Zivković, Jozua Veksler, Istvan Kalman, while the last surgeon working in Senta was Lajos Kuti. In the 19th century the following midwives were registered in Senta: Apolonija Hauser, Verona Kremzer, Regina Zinger, Jozefa Vig, Apolonija Bauc, Apolonija Hauber and Rozalija Huska. At the end, authors list all surgeons, midwives and physicians with complete data on them from all available documents.

Barber Surgeons↗
PubMed2003

Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring and Response System for the first stage of the smallpox vaccination program.

Smallpox vaccination of civilian volunteer health-care workers began on January 24, 2003. As of February 4, a total of 37 states and counties have received shipments of smallpox vaccine, and 18 states and counties have begun smallpox vaccination; no serious adverse events have been reported. To monitor the occurrence of adverse events associated with vaccination, both those expected on the basis of previous experience and possible new unexpected adverse events, CDC and state health departments have established the Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Monitoring and Response System. The system also will be used to monitor the effectiveness of contraindication screening, identify new contraindications, and coordinate the distribution of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) and cidofovir to the civilian population. This notice describes the components of the system, delineates roles and responsibilities, and explains how data from the system will be compiled and communicated.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2006

Tissue-targeting lead generation and optimization from random and directed screening of technetium-99m labeled tripeptide complex libraries in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Screening libraries against a molecular target in vitro are idealized models that cannot reflect the real state in vivo where biomolecules coexist and interact. C-terminal amide tripeptides labelled with Technetium-99m can provide a unique noninvasive approach to trace a large number of compounds in vivo. METHODS: The C-terminal amide tripeptide libraries were synthesized on Rink Amide-MBHA resin using iterative and pooling protocol. Technetium (V) oxo core [TcO(3+)] was bound to each tripeptide via 4 deprotonated nitrogen atoms to form a library of 8000 (99m)Tc tripeptoid complexes. The radiocombinatorial screening (RCS) in vivo was carried out on SD rats and A549 tumour bearing mice. RESULTS: Signals of tissue distribution and metabolism of libraries were recorded by counting or imaging and tissue targeting leads identified by both random and directed RCS. Among them, (99m)Tc RPA, (99m)Tc VIG and (99m)Tc RES had specific tissue targeting in kidney, liver and tumour respectively. The percent injected dose per gram tissue of (99m)Tc labelled leads in their target tissue was highly structure dependent. Because the nontarget tissue binding and the metabolism of (99m)Tc tripeptoid sublibraries were simultaneously monitored successfully by RCS, the interference of background activity was limited to the lowest level. Optimization of renal function agent from the labelled libraries was carried out by directed screening. (99m)Tc DSG was finally identified the most promising agent for renal function studies. CONCLUSIONS: RCS in vivo is a powerful tool for the discovery of tissue targeting drugs. The potential screening bias is probably the major limitation of labelled libraries.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Must the European fetus be a legal chameleon?].

Currently a legal "haze" surrounds the problem of the fetus in Europe, and there is a need to set this problem in order as a safety for intervening physicians. Actually, some legislation tends to protect the fetus while others authorize its destruction. Under the French law, the fetus appears quite personalized. For instance, in the jurisprudence of non-assistance to a person in danger, it was suggested that an obstetrician perform an immediate caesarean section after death. Other authors have advocated emergency transfusion of blood or blood products to a pregnant woman who refuses any treatment because of religious beliefs, when a fetal risk was demonstrated. Most jurisdictions indict for voluntary homicide when an obstetrician's or a midwife's fault has resulted in fetal death in utero or during delivery. On the contrary, suppression on intra-uterine life may be considered as legal within the framework of the law on VIG (voluntary interruption of pregnancy), as no date-limit is provided for therapeutic interruption of pregnancy. Therefore, severe maternal distress and the strong probability of a fetal malformation incompatible with life, leave the specialists quite undecided in the face of requests for therapeutic interruptions that some jurists have justifiably advised to name, most of the time, "eugenic". The author mentions the fetus conceived after rape or incest, the fetus presenting a malformation, the fetus with trisomy..., who are not particularly protected from a legal standpoint, as well as the fetus threatened of destruction after a sex selection or if the fetus is among an excessive number resulting from ovarian hyperstimulation.

Female↗
PubMed1996

The role of ifosfamide in the treatment of testicular and urothelial malignancies.

The activity of ifosfamide in genitourinary malignancies has been documented in testicular cancer and bladder cancer. The use of ifosfamide in germ cell tumors spans 20 years and has involved three distinct clinical settings: as a component of salvage therapy in cisplatin-resistant or recurrent disease, as part of initial therapy for patients with poor-risk disease, and as part of an ablative regimen for patients undergoing high-dose therapy with stem cell support. The use of ifosfamide in salvage therapy is well established, with approximately 40% to 50% of patients treated with a second-line ifosfamide-based regimen expected to achieve a complete response; however, only 25% of these patients will be long-term disease-free survivors. The drug's incorporation into standard-dose first-line regimens in patients with poor-risk disease has failed to improve the efficacy of therapy over standard, less toxic regimens. The value of ifosfamide as a component of high-dose salvage therapy with stem cell support in patients with refractory disease or of its increasing use as first-line therapy in patients with poor-risk features remains to be demonstrated. In urothelial carcinoma, data on the activity of ifosfamide are more sparse. Older trials in previously untreated patients in Japan and Egypt suggest an overall response rate of 30% to 40%, while a recent Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial in patients with prior chemotherapy reported a response rate of 20%. Ifosfamide has therefore been identified as one of six new active agents in urothelial cancer, and trials of combination regimens including ifosfamide are under way. The vinblastine/ifosfamide/gallium nitrate (VIG) combination was tested in a pilot study at Indiana University with a 67% overall response rate and in a confirmatory Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase II trial with a 56% response rate. Trials of ifosfamide plus paclitaxel with or without cisplatin are ongoing, but the role of ifosfamide in the routine therapy of urothelial malignancies remains to be determined.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[Synthesis of selected derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-on and potential depressive action on OUN].

2-Methyl-4H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one (III) was reacted with amines IVa-j to give corresponding 2-methyl-3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones (Va-j) substituted at position 3. These reactions afforded non-cyclic by-products VIa', VIg', and VIh' which were converted into compounds Va, Vg and Vh by the action of POCl3. Structures of the newly obtained compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis for C, H and N, and by IR and 1H NMR spectra.

Amines↗
PubMed1996

[Guidelines for the facilitation of wholeness in patients with AIDS: II].

In the previous article, Die belewenis van die pasiënt met VIGS: Deel I, better insight was obtained in the experiences of the patient with AIDS. In this article the focus is on the clinical application options of this research. Guidelines are set in this research to enable the nurse to facilitate the quest to wholeness of the patient with AIDS and the psychiatric nurse specialist to act as consultant for nurses who nurse the patient with AIDS in hospitals, nursing homes and at home.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Phylogeny of the alpha-crystallin-related heat-shock proteins.

Phylogenetic relationships were examined among 35 alpha-crystallin-related heat-shock proteins from animals, plants, and fungi. Approximately one-third of the aligned amino acids in these proteins were conserved in 74% of the proteins, and three blocks of consensus sequence were identified. Relationships were established by maximum parsimony and distance matrix analyses of the aligned amino acid sequences. The inferred phylogeny trees show the plant proteins clearly divided into three major groups that are unrelated to taxonomy: the chloroplast-localized proteins and two groups that originate from a common ancestral plant protein. The animal proteins, in contrast, branch in accordance with taxonomy, the only clear exception being the alpha-crystallin subgrouping of vertebrates. This analysis indicates that the small heat-shock proteins of animals have diverged more widely than have the plant proteins, one group of which is especially stable.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Attitude variables of dentofacial deformity patients: demographic characteristics and associations.

For patients to obtain satisfaction from surgical orthodontic treatment, a concordance needs to exist between the patients' concerns and expectations and the clinician's outcome measures of success. In this study, 231 patients 16 years or older were analyzed to define attributes of treatment that relate to patient satisfaction with outcome. The most prevalent patient concerns were related to facial and dental esthetics, and the effect of the dentofacial deformity on the quality of life was associated with a significantly higher motivation for surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hybrid appliances: a component approach to dentofacial orthopedics.

The net treatment effect of or orthodontic or orthopedic therapy may be considered as the algebraic sum of all dentoalveolar, skeletal, and neuromuscular changes over time. Cumulative effects resulting from growth and adaptation in response to therapeutic biomechanical interference may be manipulated to result in clinically significant morphologic alterations in the growing child's dentition and craniofacial skeleton. All of the currently used functional appliances can be regarded as assemblies of a small number of component parts. This article attempts to identify these salient components and their respective contributions to the total design and probable function of such appliances. The logical consequence of such an analysis is the derivation of principles upon which the design of "hybrid" appliances may be based. Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion. Instead, a detailed analysis of skeletodental and soft-tissue features, together with the patient's growth status and underlying cause of the malocclusion, are used to establish a set of treatment objectives. This in turn determines the selection of the components and their assemblies, resulting in appliance designs that uniquely match the needs of individual patients.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1991

Consistency of orthodontic treatment decisions relative to diagnostic records.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how incremental information obtained from different types of diagnostic records contributes to the determination of orthodontic treatment decisions. Pretreatment records of 57 orthodontic patients were assessed by five orthodontists who were part-time faculty members and also in private practice. This sample consisted of dental school orthodontic patients who had Class II malocclusions and included patients at three different dental developmental stages. The following diagnostic records were used: study models (S), facial photographs (F), a panoramic radiograph (P), a lateral cephalogram (C), and its tracing (T). Five combinations of diagnostic records were presented to the orthodontists in the following sequence: (1) S; (2) S + F; (3) S + F + P; (4) S + F + P + C; and (5) S + F + P + C + T. The simultaneous interpretation of all diagnostic records (S + F + P + C + T) was used as the "diagnostic standard." There was a diagnostic standard for each of the patients and for each of the orthodontists. The diagnostic standard was achieved: (1) S = 54.9%, (2) S + F = 54.2%, (3) S + F + P = 60.9%, and (4) S + F + P + C = 59.9%. Thus, in a majority of cases (55%), study models alone provided adequate information for treatment planning, and incremental addition of information from other types of diagnostic records made small differences.

Adult↗