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The value of the cervical gram stain in the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea in women in a venereal disease clinic.

In a venereal disease clinic population of 8,537 women, 1,179 (70%) of 1,675 cases of gonorrhea were detected at the initial visit by the use of the cervical gram stain. The results of cervical cultures indicated that specificity of the gram stain was 97%. Use of the cervical gram stain, combined with epidemiologic treatment of potentially exposed patients, permitted treatment of 1,531 (91%) of 1,675 infected women at the initial clinic visit; this proportion represented an increase of 42% over treatment based solely upon epidemiologic grounds. Of the 124 patients who were not treated at the initial visit and who required treatment at a second visit, nine (7.3%) developed pelvic inflammatory disease during the interval between visits. Although a test of only moderate sensitivity, the cervical gram stain, used as an adjunct to the culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, provided the advantages of diagnosis at the initial visit and informed treatment, facilitated the case-finding process, and minimized treatment defaulter rates and the potential risks of sequelae and transmission of gonorrhea before results of cultures were known.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

A new look at the effect of venereal disease on black fertility: the Deep South in 1940.

The effect of venereal disease on black fertility is estimated for six Deep South states around 1940. Several relevant control variables are introduced, including characteristics of the socioeconomic environment and measures of possible diffusion processes that might have affected the relationship between venereal disease and fertility. The objective is to identify as precisely as possible the net effect of venereal disease on black fertility. The analyses are based on 395 counties in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. The results indicate that venereal disease was significantly related to black fertility, but that the relationship was considerably weaker than some have suggested (most notably, Wright and Pirie, 1984). Furthermore, the revised estimates suggest that venereal infections probably accounted for around 28 percent of the historical decline in black fertility between 1875-1880 and 1935-1940. I conclude that the black fertility transition was not unicausal and that explanations for the black experience should be sought among the same causative forces considered for other populations.

Adolescent↗