Letter: Phthalate esters in salt and sugar.
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A 49-year old man was admitted with a complaint of syncopal attack. Transient A.V block was detected and permanent pacemaker (DDD) was implanted. Five months later he was re-admitted because of dyspnea and palpitation. Infective endocarditis with aortic regurgitation and mycotic aortic valve aneurysm was diagnosed by echocardiography and cineangiography. The aortic valve and valve aneurysm were resected and AVR was performed using Björk-Shiley disc valve (23A) in the usual manner. But 6 months later he suffered from acute cardiac failure due to perivalvular leakage. He died in spite of re-AVR with translocation method.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between evaluation by a questionnaire on masticatory aspects of 20 foods, and masticatory performance obtained using the sieving method, previously used in many studies. After replacement of upper and lower complete dentures made newly, 28 edentulous patients voluntarily participated in this study. The basal seat area of each patient was scored and divided into two groups, and masticatory ability was evaluated by two methods: using a questionnaire and the sieving method. The following conclusions were drawn from the data: 1. Evaluation of masticatory ability by both methods used in this study were not associated with gender, age, and evaluation of the basal seat area. 2. Evaluation using a questionnaire and masticatory performance showed significant correlation, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.628 (p < 0.001).
The coexistence of acid protein polysaccharides and calcium in the vacuoles of chicken thrombocytes were studied by means of ultrahistochemical methods and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The thrombocytes possessed large vacuoles of a surface connected membrane system. After both ruthenium red staining and tannic acid fixation the innersurface coat of vacuoles was always strongly and continously visualized. Electron microscopic X-ray microprobe analysis of antimonate precipitates in thrombocytes fixed in K-antimonate-OsO4 revealed calcium localization on the innersurface of vacuoles. From these facts it seems likely that the vacuoles of the surface connected membrane system may take part in the pool or the transport of calcium.
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Noninvasive therapy for urolithiasis such as percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy (PNL) has progressed rapidly during the last few years. Several kinds of non-mechanical disintegration methods such as electrohydraulic lithotripsy, ultrasound lithotripsy, stone disintegration by laser irradiation, electric drill disintegration, microexplosion lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have contributed to this advancement. However, these methods are not without some problems, such as effect and technique. This paper describes the theory and effectiveness of these non-mechanical methods except extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, especially of microexplosion lithotripsy in detail.
Remitted schizophrenic outpatients were prophylactically treated to prevent relapse with three different doses of timiperone or sulpiride for a year in a double-blind controlled study employing a randomized design. Each drug's ability to prevent relapse was by counting the number of subjects with different outcomes (remission, relapse, adverse reactions) during the trial and/or the number of symptom-free days for each patient before any sign of relapse or adverse reactions appeared. Patients were randomly assigned to the following drugs, which were orally administered once every night: placebo; timiperone 1 mg, 3 mg, 6 mg; sulpiride 100 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg. Data from previous studies involving haloperidol and propericiazine were utilized as a retrospective placebo group to compare the characteristics of the four drugs for maintenance treatment of remitted schizophrenic outpatients. Both timiperone and sulpiride increased the number of patients in remission and decreased the number of patients who relapsed, compared with the placebo group. With timiperone, there was an especially marked increase in the number of patients who showed signs of adverse reactions compared with sulpiride. Sulpiride was the only drug that increased the number of dose-dependent symptom-free days. However, both of these drugs significantly increased the number of symptom-free days compared with placebo. By comparing the dose-response curves of four drugs tested in the same fashion, haloperidol and sulpiride were superior to propericiazine and timiperone because they displayed a wider dose range for the maintenance treatment of remitted schizophrenic outpatients.
Previously we found significant suppression of polydipsia in a schizophrenic patient with PIP syndrome (psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia). Suppression was obtained with a small dose of naloxone injected once every 2 weeks in long-term repeated studies. We attempted to confirm the effect of naloxone on PIP syndrome by using a double-blind controlled study. The body weights of eight schizophrenic inpatients with PIP syndrome were checked five times daily, and the maximum weight gain during 1 day was chosen as an index of their polydipsia. Naloxone (0.6 mg in three divided doses) or placebo (saline) injection was given once every 2 weeks three times. Assignment to either the naloxone or placebo series was done randomly in a double-blind, crossover design. Naloxone decreased the maximum weight gain per day significantly in five cases. However, naloxone also increased weight gain significantly in three cases. There was no correlation of the weight-increasing effect of naloxone with the duration and intensity of excessive drinking. Our findings showed that the endogenous opioid system might be related to compulsive drinking behavior in the PIP syndrome and that opioid antagonists such as naloxone or naltrexone could be useful in the therapy of PIP syndrome.
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