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PubMed1982

Age-related differences in the response of hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase to triiodothyronine and triamcinolone in the rat.

A previous report from this laboratory demonstrated age-related differences in the hormonal regulation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). A detailed kinetic analysis of G-6-Pase activity has been performed to distinguish between effects on the microsomal carrier for glucose-6-phosphate and those on the enzyme itself. The maximum velocity (Vmax) was determined in untreated microsomes and microsomes treated with sodium deoxycholate (DOC); the Vmax of the enzyme (VE) was equal to the Vmax in the presence of DOC, and the Vmax of the carrier (VT) was calculated from the Vmax of untreated microsomes and the latency (the activity of DOC-treated microsomes not expressed by the intact preparation). The age-related decrease in G-6-Pase activity was caused by a decrease in the VE. In 3-month-old rats, the VE was increased 2,5-fold by treatment with T3, whereas triamcinolone or the two hormones in combination caused little effect; in 24-month-old animals, the VE was increased 10-fold by T3 and 2-fold by either triamcinolone or the two hormones in combination. In contrast, in 3-month-old animals, the VT was increased 2-fold by triamcinolone, 1.5-fold by T3, and 2-fold by the two hormones in combination; in 24-month-old animals, the VT was increased 3.5-fold by triamcinolone, was not affected by T3, and was increased 1.5-fold by the two hormones in combination. These differences could not be explained by changes in the response of isolated microsomes to sodium deoxycholate or by effects on the energy of activation of G-6-Pase. The results provide detailed evidence for an altered response to either T3 or triamcinolone in hepatocytes from old animals.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Triamcinolone: new and old indications.

Triamcinolone is a commonly used synthetic corticosteroid that has recently been tested in a large clinical trial for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and shown to have some benefits. To our knowledge, there are no reviews of the pharmacotherapy of triamcinolone. This review has a brief overview of the pharmacology of triamcinolone, followed by a discussion of the clinical trials with triamcinolone. Triamcinolone is used in the treatment of respiratory inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and a variety of other inflammatory conditions.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1994

Weekly treatment of psoriasis with a hydrocolloid dressing in combination with triamcinolone acetonide. A controlled comparative study.

In a within subject comparison, the efficacy and the tolerability of topical treatment with triamcinolone acetonide under a hydrocolloid dressing were compared with triamcinolone acetonide monotherapy, monotherapy with hydrocolloid dressing and triamcinolone acetonide under plastic occlusion. The clinical efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing as a monotherapy and the pronounced clinical efficacy of this occlusive in combination with triamcinolone acetonide were confirmed. Comparing the hydrocolloid dressing (Duoderm E) and the plastic semi-occlusive (Opsite IV 3000), we concluded that the tolerability of both approaches was similar. However, Duoderm E in conjunction with triamcinolone acetonide was highly effective, whereas Opsite IV 3000 in combination with this steroid only had an inconspicuous antipsoriatic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of dietary additions of fat and triamcinolone for sows during late gestation on subsequent pig performance.

Three trials involving 118 sows were conducted to evaluate the effects of fat and triamcinolone additions in the diets of late-term gravid sows on pre- and postweaning performance of pigs. Beginning an average of 9 d prepartum, sows were fed daily 1.8 kg of a fortified, corn-soybean meal diet [6 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME) and 290 g of protein/sow] that was supplemented with 4 Mcal of ME/sow in the form of starch, soybean oil or soybean oil plus 70 mg/sow of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. During a 28-d lactation, sows were self-fed a standard 14% protein, corn-soybean meal diet. The addition of soybean oil to the diet of sows during late gestation did not (P greater than .10) influence the weights of survivability of pigs at birth, 14 or 28 d of age, but increased (P less than .05) the carcass fat content of the pigs at birth. The dietary addition of triamcinolone to the sow's prepartum diet increased (P less than .10) pig weights at birth and 14 d, and tended to increase pig weights at 28 d compared with those of pigs from sows fed soybean oil only. Prepartal administration of triamcinolone depressed (P less than .05) carcass protein content and adrenal weights in pigs at birth or 28 d of age. From weaning (d 28) to 56 d of age, pigs from sows fed soybean oil before parturition, particularly those from sows fed triamcinolone, tended to consume less feed and gained slower and less efficiently than pigs from sows fed starch, although the differences were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide in silicone-filled eyes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the retinal toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide at different doses in vitrectomized, silicone-filled rabbit eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vitrectomy with silicone oil placement was performed in 32 rabbit eyes. A dosage of 1 mg/0.025 mL, 2 mg/0.05 mL, or 4 mg/0.1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide was injected intravitreally in the study group eyes; the control group received 0.1 mL of sterile saline. Electroretinography and retinal histology were performed to evaluate toxicity. RESULTS: No retinal toxicity was seen in the groups given 1, 2, and 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide or in the control group. ERG and histologic sections in all groups were normal. No drug was visible in the vitreous cavity at the end of the 140-day period (average) in eyes injected with 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. CONCLUSIONS: Up to 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide can be safely injected in silicone-filled, vitrectomized eyes without any significant retinal toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis. Histopathological study of the effects of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological changes of human temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis following intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide, and compare the results to these of control group. METHODS: One hundred and forty nine patients who complained of temporomandibular joint dysfunction underwent non-surgical treatment for at least 6 months. Twenty three patients had high condylectomy as a treatment. Forty four patients received two intra-articular injections of triamcinolone acetonide. Histological study was carried out on 44 specimens from 41 patients, the histological changes were recorded for each specimen. RESULTS: Patients who received temporomandibular intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide showed damage to the fibrous layer (100%), to the cartilage (64%) and to the bone (42%). In those cases treated by condylectomy there were changes in the fibrous layer (100%), in the cartilaginous layer (68%) and to the bony layer (32%). Analysis of the results showed that the changes seen in the steroid (triamcinolone acetonide) group were more obvious than the changes in the non-steroid group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated that intra-articular injection of steroid (triamcinolone acetonide) into human osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints acts as a lytic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1958

Systemic lupus erythematosus; results of treatment with triamcinolone.

Twenty-nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were treated with a new synthetic unsaturated prednisolone derivative, triamcinolone, for as long as 11 months. This hormone is 1.3 times as powerful as prednisone and 4.4 times more potent than hydrocortisone as an anti-inflammatory agent. The average dose for beginning therapy in cases of mild systemic lupus erythematosus was 20.6 mg. a day. The average maintenance dose used to control mild exacerbations of the disease was 26.0 mg. a day. There was no evidence of sodium retention or potassium loss. Sixteen patients had upper gastrointestinal x-ray studies before and during therapy with triamcinolone. There was no evidence of peptic ulceration except in one patient who was receiving 96 mg. a day. Nine patients had gastric analysis with histamine before and during therapy. No significant changes were noted in results of these tests, even in the patient who had an ulcer. No abnormal increase in uropepsin was noted in cases in which this factor was tested. The pattern of clinical improvement closely paralleled that obtained by previous treatment with older steroids. There was a disappearance of all the clinical and laboratory abnormalities produced by the disease, with the exception of long standing renal involvement. A major difference between triamcinolone and other steroids was a tendency to progressive gradual loss of weight, partly owing to fluid loss. Cushingoid appearance produced by other steroid therapy did not disappear. The cutaneous side effects, particularly Cushingoid appearance, hirsutism and striae were more pronounced than with older steroids. The most serious side effect was muscle weakness which appeared in six patients, all women, in from four to thirty-two weeks after starting triamcinolone. The profound muscle weakness, most pronounced in the quadriceps group, gradually cleared after several weeks of therapy with another steroid. Fourteen patients had received prior steroid therapy with all the older anti-inflammatory hormones and seven of them were better controlled and felt better with triamcinolone.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visualization of residual perfluorocarbon liquid using intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.

The visualization of transparent perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) using triamcinolone acetonide is described. Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide enabled visualization of residual PFCL intraoperatively. In addition, it was shown that triamcinolone acetonide could visualize PFCL in an in vitro preparation of balanced salt solution. This in vitro experiment confirmed that triamcinolone acetonide also could be adsorbed by PFCL outside the vitreous. Triamcinolone acetonide was helpful to visualize transparent PFCL both in vivo and in vitro, and may be useful at the end of vitrectomy to completely remove residual PFCL from the eye.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Low dose intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of neovasular glaucoma].

PURPOSE: To report the effect of an intravitreal injection of 4 mg of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide (Kenacort) as symptomatic treatment of neovascular glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This clinical study is based on clinical and experimental investigations that examined the tolerability and the angiostatic effect of triamcinolone acetonide. The study includes prospectively 8 eyes of 8 patients with neovascular glaucoma secondary to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (n=8). All patients received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide (0.1 cc) as the only procedure or in combination with transscleral cyclodiode as glaucoma treatment. Their mean age was 74.5 +/- 14.4 years. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 38.9 +/- 9.3 mmHg. Mean follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: 4 of 8 patients were treated by crystalline triamcinolone acetonide as the only procedure (n=3). Twenty seven days after intravitreal kenacort injection, the others four patients have been treated by transscleral cyclodiode (n=4) as glaucoma treatment. After injection, including the first postoperative day, patients report a subjective reduction of ocular pain. Furthermore no intra- or extraocular inflammatory reactions were observed during the follow-up. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced to 18 +/- 6.2 mm Hg at the end of the follow-up period. When considering only the four patients in which the intraocular cortisone injection was the only procedure performed, mean intraocular pressure decreased from 41.75 +/- 7.05 mm Hg to 20.5 +/- 6.6 mm Hg. Iris neovascularisation was significantly decreased from grade IV to grade I in all patients at the end of the follow-up CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide contributes to a better management of the neovascular glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of inflammation after cataract surgery].

AIM: To compare the use of single injection of triamcinolone acetonide and steroid drops in the treatment of inflammation after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 80 patients operated on by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. After the operation, patients were divided into two groups. Group A received dexamethasone-neomycin drops for four weeks, whereas group B received single application of triamcinolone acetonide into the subtenon space. Postoperative evaluation included the degree of inflammation, intraocular pressure and therapeutic response. RESULTS: Triamcinolone acetonide appeared to be an as valuable therapy in minimizing inflammation after cataract surgery as steroid drops on days 7, 14 and 21 postoperatively, a significantly lower intraocular pressure was recorded in the group of patients administered a single injection of triamcinolone acetonide. CONCLUSION: Single application of triamcinolone acetonide appeared to be as efficient as steroid drops in controlling postoperative inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Macular oedema and intravitreal triamcinolone injections].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone injections for macular oedema in Iceland 2004-2006. METHODS: We reviewed hospital records of 28 patients who underwent intravitreal injection with triamcinolone acetonide 2004-2006. Most patients were treated with 8 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. Patients were categorized according to the cause of macular oedema (diabetes (n=10), phacoemulsification (n=7), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (n=7) and uveitis (n=4)). Best corrected visual acuity was determined before treatment and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Intraocular pressure and foveal thickness were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved in 4 patients with diabetic macular oedema while 5 had unchanged vision. The effect lasted 6 months in 8 out of 9 cases. Seven were treated for macular oedema after phacoemulsification. Two had improved visual acuity after the injection and 5 had unchanged eye sight. The effect lasted for 6 months in every case except for one who lost vision. Out of 7 who were treated for macular oedema after BRVO, 3 had improved visual acuity and 4 remained unchanged for 6 months. Four patients with uveitis got triamcinolone injections and a month after treatment 2 had better vision and 2 had unchanged visual acuity. The effect lasted for 6 months in all cases but one. In the diabetes and BRVO groups OCT showed a significant reduction of foveal thickness. In 4 cases intraocular pressure increased, all of them were successfully treated with topical treatment. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal triamcinolone improves visual acuity in about 40% of patients with macular oedema, about 10% lose vision and about 50% remain unchanged. OCT reveal improved anatomic results with significant reduction of foveal thickness and macular oedema. No serious complications were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of in vivo activation of triamcinolone acetonide- and RU 38486-receptor complexes in the CEM-C7 and IM-9 human leukemic cell lines.

RU 38486 functions as a pure antiglucocorticoid in the human leukemic cell lines CEM-C7 and IM-9. Despite the fact that RU 38486 has been reported to promote considerable in vitro receptor activation to a DNA-binding form, this steroid may be relatively incapable of promoting this physiologically relevant conformational change in vivo. In the experiments reported here the potential ability of RU 38486 to promote in vivo activation has been compared with that of a potent agonist, triamcinolone acetonide. In vivo activation was evaluated by DEAE-cellulose chromatographic analyses of cytosolic extracts prepared from lysed cells which had previously been labeled with either 30 nM [3H]triamcinolone acetonide or [3H]RU 38486 and subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C. Using this anion-exchange procedure, in vivo activation of the agonist-receptor complexes was shown to occur in both a time- and temperature-dependent fashion in both cell lines. This in vivo activation was reflected by progressive decreases in the bound [3H]triamcinolone acetonide associated with the unactivated (high salt-eluting) peaks eluted from DEAE-cellulose, small yet detectable increases in the bound radioactivity eluted in the activated (low-salt eluting) peaks, and a significant increase in the ability of the cytoplasmic [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-receptor complexes to bind to DNA-cellulose. Additional experiments employing DEAE-cellulose chromatography demonstrated that after incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h, at least some in vivo activation of cytosolic [3H]RU 38486-receptor complexes could be detected in CEM-C7 cells, although the antagonist was less effective than the agonist in facilitating this conformational change. In IM-9 lymphocytes essentially no in vivo activation could be detected using this same protocol. Nuclear translocation assays were also independently performed to evaluate in vivo receptor activation. Incubation of intact cells with 30 nM [3H]triamcinolone acetonide or [3H]RU 38486 for 1 h at 37 degrees C (but not at 0-4 degrees C) revealed that both steroids facilitated translocation in CEM-C7 as well as IM-9 cells, although again the antagonist was less effective than the agonist in this regard. Taken collectively these data indicate that the antagonist RU 38486 is capable of mediating detectable in vivo activation of CEM-C7 cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. These data suggest that complete in vivo stabilization of unactivated receptors by RU 38486 in this cell line may not be sufficient to explain the lack of any agonist activity associated with this synthetic antagonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1995

Anaphylaxis induced by the carboxymethylcellulose component of injectable triamcinolone acetonide suspension (Kenalog).

BACKGROUND: Allergic reactions to various corticosteroids are rare but have been reported previously. OBJECTIVE: We wished to determine the etiology of an anaphylactic reaction in a patient who had received intracutaneous Kenalog (triamcinolone acetonide). METHODS: Skin testing and serologic testing for allergen-specific IgE antibodies was performed for triamcinolone acetonide, its individual components, and three other corticosteroid preparations in both the patient and six other nonallergic persons. RESULTS: The patient had positive skin tests to only the carboxymethylcellulose component of triamcinolone acetonide. He had negative skin test reactions to three other steroid preparations which did not contain carboxymethylcellulose. Specific IgE antibodies to carboxymethylcellulose were also elevated by immunoassay and immunoblotting. Control patients had negative skin tests to triamcinolone acetonide, its components, and three other corticosteroid preparations, and their sera lacked significant specific IgE antibodies to these materials. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the triamcinolone acetonide component responsible for the patient's reaction was the suspending agent carboxymethylcellulose. We urge physicians to consider component testing when patients experience allergic-type reactions to drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of adrenocorticotropic hormone and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the best alternative therapy for acute gouty arthritis when nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or colchicine are contraindicated. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with crystal proven gout presenting with an acute attack of < 5 days' duration were treated prospectively with either a single intramuscular injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 40 IU or triamcinolone acetonide 60 mg. The patients were followed for 30 days. RESULTS: Resolution of all symptoms occurred at an average of 8 days for both groups. No adverse reactions were noted in either group; however, there were 11 reinjections in the ACTH group and 5 reinjections in the triamcinolone acetonide group. Two patients from the ACTH arm were transferred to the triamcinolone acetonide arm because of rebound arthritis. CONCLUSION: Although recent studies of ACTH and triamcinolone acetonide have demonstrated efficacy and safety comparable to indomethacin, in a direct comparison of the 2 at the doses used, triamcinolone acetonide resulted in fewer rebound attacks and treatment failures than ACTH and required fewer reinjections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Triamcinolone acetonide in the prevention of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy].

Macrophages were used to induce an experimental model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) for the evaluation of drug efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in the prevention of PVR. After injection of macrophages into the rabbit vitreous, 1 mg of triamcinolone and 0.1 ml saline, respectively, were also injected into the vitreous of the treated group and the control group. Afterwards, on the 28th day, retinal detachment developed in 77% of the eyes in the control group and in 13% of the eyes in the treated group (n = 30, P < 0.01). The time of triamcinolone being cleared up from the vitreous was 35-63 days (average 45.5 days). Electroretinogram and transmission electron microscopic examinations demonstrated that up to 4 mg of triamcinolone was nontoxic to the retina. The results suggest that during inflammatory stage, the use of triamcinolone effectively and safely prevent the development of PVR.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sexual development and performance in boars exposed prenatally to triamcinolone.

The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the effects of triamcinolone exposure prenatally upon the gonadotropin-gonadal system and 2) to determine whether prenatal exposure affects the onset of puberty and postpuberal development in boars. Two or four litter-mate Yorkshire boars were randomly selected from five litters from sows fed unsupplemented diets and from seven litters from sows fed triamcinolone-supplemented diets. The boars were studied from birth through 30 wk of age. During this 30-wk period, the boars were bled once every 4 wk and testicular and body weight measurements were taken every 2 wk. From weeks 20 to 30 the boars were exposed weekly to an estrous gilt. During this time, the onset and frequency of mounting and ejaculation were recorded and the quality of the semen collected was evaluated. At slaughter, additional data on the male reproductive tract were collected. The prepartal feeding of triamcinolone to sows did not affect either the boars' weight gain or testicular volume during the 30-wk experimental period. Plasma concentrations of testosterone or cortisol also did not differ (P > 0.10) between the groups of boars. However, mounting and ejaculation occurred earlier in triamcinolone-exposed boars, suggesting that prepartal treatment of sows with triamcinolone may have enhanced the development of sexual behavior and onset of puberty in their offspring.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1967

Development of gluconeogenesis in neonatal rat liver. Effect of triamcinolone.

1. The normal development of the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis in rat liver, glucose 6-phosphatase, hexose diphosphatase, phosphopyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase, was measured during the neonatal period. 2. Glucose 6-phosphatase, hexose diphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase are all present in the late foetal liver, but all the enzymes show an increase in activity after birth. 3. Phosphopyruvate carboxylase is not present in liver extracts from foetal rats, but activity appears immediately after birth and increases rapidly over the first day and then more slowly to reach its maximum at the fourth postnatal day. 4. The fluorinated synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone, was administered to foetal rats at various gestation times by intraperitoneal injection in utero and the animals were killed at intervals between 4 and 48hr. later. 5. The administration of triamcinolone results in slight depression of glucose 6-phosphatase, and a more significant depression of hexose diphosphatase to about one-half its normal activity in foetal rat liver. 6. Triamcinolone injection is without effect on pyruvate carboxylase activity and does not result in premature appearance of phosphopyruvate carboxylase in foetal rat liver. 7. Pyruvate kinase and aspartate amino-transferase activities in foetal rat liver are both depressed by triamcinolone treatment, whereas phosphofructokinase activity is elevated. 8. Tyrosine amino-transferase activity in foetal rat liver is markedly elevated in animals exposed to triamcinolone for 10hr. or more, but the effect is only observed in animals close to term. 9. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms involved in the initial synthesis of tissue-specific enzymes in developing tissues, and it is concluded that glucocorticoids do not initiate the synthesis of the gluconeogenic enzymes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Cheilitis granulomatosa. Successful treatment with combined local triamcinolone injections and surgery.

Cheilitis granulomatosa is a rare condition that has traditionally proved difficult to treat satisfactorily. Excellent results were obtained in our case with local triamcinolone acetonide injections and surgery. Histopathologic features of the classic, untreated condition were reviewed and compared to the histopathologic features of labial tissues after a seris of triamcinolone injections. It was found that the injected medication was effective in achieving some reduction of labial volume, apparently through a necrotizing effect of granulomas with subsequent replacement by fibrous scars. Discontinuation of local injections after initial surgery apparently contributed to an exacerbation, as shown by the histopathology of a second cheiloplastic procedure. We therefore recommended that patients with chelitis granulomatosa who are receiving combinaed triamcinolone-surgical therapy continue to receive local triamcinolone injections after surgery in order to minimize the tendency for recurrence.

Cheilitis↗