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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A prospective study of induction of labor with prostaglandin vaginal gel: ambulatory versus in-patient administration.

BACKGROUND: Elective induction of labour is a common obstetrical practice. Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2 in triacetin base gel) has been shown to be an effective and fairly safe agent for this purpose in inpatient settings. Currently published work does not assess the effectiveness and safety of dinoprostone in an ambulatory setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the difference between inpatient and outpatient use of dinoprostone for elective induction of labour with regard to effectiveness, safety, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. METHODS: A prospective non-randomized study, in which two groups of low risk obstetrical patients who were undergoing elective induction of labour were studied. The outpatient group was drawn from Regina Health District while the inpatient (control group) was drawn from Saskatoon. The maternal and fetal morbidity was compared in both groups as well as the efficacy, length of hospital stay and degree of patient satisfaction. RESULTS: There were statistically significant reductions in the length of hospital stay and greater patient satisfaction in the outpatient group. No difference was found in efficacy and safety of prostaglandin use. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that ambulatory use of prostaglandin gel for induction of labour reduces the length of hospital stay, and leads to greater patient satisfaction. Further randomized studies with a larger number of patients are needed to evaluate the safety of this agent in an ambulatory setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microemulsions as potential ocular drug delivery systems: phase diagrams and physical properties depending on ingredients.

The microemulsion systems, both o/w and w/o, composed of isopropyl myristate, soybean lecithin (Epikuron 200), Polysorbate 80, Cremophor EL, n-butanol and triacetine, taken at various amounts and in various combinations, were tested in order to assess their physical-chemical properties. Some ingredients of the microemulsions were physiologically acceptable, except one formulation containing n-butanol used as a model reference system. Phase diagrams were made for all microemulsions studied in order to test the influence of components on the boundaries of the stable microemulsion domains. The greatest area of stable microemulsion system was obtained for the formulation in which n-butanol was used, while the smallest area was obtained when soybean lecithin (Epikuron 200) was used as a surfactant. The following physical parameters were analyzed: osmotic tension, density, viscosity, refractive index. pH and particle size. Microemulsions stored at 25 degrees C for the period up to 12 months, showed physical changes depending on ingredients. The study made it possible to select the most stable microemulsion system meeting the requirements of eye drops.

Drug Carriers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a heptane-isopropanol system for extraction of primary lipid peroxidation products].

Products of different lipids oxidation were studied for the peculiarities of their distribution in the extracting system heptane--isopropanol widely used in spectrophotometric determination of primary products of peroxide oxidation of lipids. It is shown that hydroperoxides of phospholipids and their reduction products almost completely transfer to the alcohol phase while hydroperoxides of triacetin and cholesterol esters are 70-85% extracted by heptane. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the alcohol phase when using the systems heptane-isopropanol to determine the content of primary products of lipid peroxide oxidation in those tissues, where phospholipids are the basic oxidation substrates.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1978

Purification and substrate specificity of polymorphic forms of esterase D from human erythrocytes.

Esterase D (EsD), purified from human erythrocytes and tested with a variety of substrates, hydrolyzed only triacetin, tributyrin, and certain soluble aryl esters of aliphatic acids. Esters of 4-methylumbelliferone were easily the best substrates. When the three genetically different isozymes were compared, the less common forms, EsD 2 and EsD 2-1, were less stable than EsD 1. With some substrates, the Michaelis constant of the EsD 2 form differed from that of the EsD 1 form. The EsD 2-1 hybrid form was usually, but not invariably, intermediate in properties. The physiologic significance of the genetic variability of this enzyme is unknown.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of the effectiveness of prostaglandin E2 gel in evening and morning induction of labor].

100 women participated in an open randomised study. 50 of them received 0.5 mg PGE2 in 2.5 ml Triacetin gel (Prepidil) intracervically in the morning (6.00 a.m.) and 50 at night (10.00 p.m.). The success rate was 74% (37 of 50) in the treatment group of the night compared with 52 (26 of 50) in the group of morning labor induction. A second dose after 8 hours was necessary in 26% (13 of 50) in the night group and in 48% (24 of 50) of the morning labor induction. Labor induction failed completely in 32% of the morning and in 12% of the night group. The induction time for contractions was 2 hours shorter after night labor induction, in primiparae the duration of first stage was 2 hours shorter but in multiparae there was no difference between the groups. There was also no difference in intrapartum and postpartum complications between the groups. In conclusion the induction of labor with intracervical PGE2 at night seems to be more effective without increasing the rate of complications.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1974

Development of a toxicity evaluation program for dental materials and products. II. Screening for systemic toxicity.

A series of systemic toxicity tests for various types of compounds are presented with illustrative data and discussed in regard to their relevance as potential screening tests for dental compounds and products. In developing and marketing a new dental material, it is important not only to ensure safety for the patient but also for the dentist, dental assistant, and laboratory worker who routinely handles and uses the product. Data are presented on a number of commercially available dental products as well as various chemical entities, which were tested by one or more of the methods described.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1994

A theoretical and experimental study of additive effects of physical aging and antiplasticization on the water permeability of polymer film coatings.

The effects of physical aging and antiplasticization on the water transport properties of glassy cellulose acetate film-coated tablets were investigated. The gradual approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium during physical aging decrease the free volume of the polymers. This decrease in free volume is accompanied by a decrease in the transport mobility, with concomitant changes in those properties of the polymer that depend on it. Antiplasticization arises from an interaction between the polymer and the plasticizer molecules and decreases the molecular mobility of the polymer and plasticizer. This effect was confirmed by mechanical measurements of polymer free films at the same experimental temperature. We have studied the additive effect of aging and antiplasticizing to see if the individual effects would interfere with one another, as might be expected if the same free volume were involved in each. The pronouncedly additive effects of physical aging and antiplasticization on the water permeability can be found in cellulose acetate film-coated tablets that were affected by longer physical aging time and lower plasticizer concentration. A theoretical study suggested that the free volume in the glassy polymer should consist of at least two independent parts, one of which is affected by annealing and the other by antiplasticization.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1993

Parameters affecting lithium acetate-mediated transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and development of a rapid and simplified procedure.

We have compared a number of procedures for the transformation of whole cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and assessed the effects of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or ethanol, both of which have been reported to enhance transformation efficiency. We find that simplified methods benefit from the addition of one of these compounds, and although differences are observed between strains as to the more beneficial reagent, peak transformation efficiency is, in general, obtained with 10% DMSO or 10% EtOH. Increases of between six- and 50-fold are observed, despite a reduction in cell viability, and at this concentration the two compounds are not additive in their effects. The optimum level appears to depend on a balance between improved DNA uptake and reduced cell viability. As a result of this work we present a straightforward and rapid transformation procedure.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Detection by high pressure infrared spectrometry of hydrogen-bonding between water and triacetyl glycerol.

The barotropic behavior of neat and aqueous 1,2,3-triacetyl glycerol was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy over the pressure range 0.001 to 35 kbar. The infrared spectrum in the presence of water shows bands characteristic of hydrogen bonded carbonyl groups. An increase in hydrostatic pressure leads to a strengthening of the intermolecular hydrogen bond between water and the lipid ester C = O groups. The pressure-induced formation of ice VI at 9 kbar does not affect this hydrogen bond, however, the formation, at 20 kbar, of ice VII in which the water/water hydrogen bonds are stronger than the lipid C = O/water hydrogen bonds, frees the lipid carbonyl groups from the hydrogen-bonding to water.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

PGE2 gel for enhancement of priming and induction of labour at term in patients with unfavorable cervix.

Fifty women (25 nulliparae and 25 multiparae) with unfavorable cervix at term were enrolled in a clinical experiment to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intracervical application of 0.5 mg PGE2 gel for cervical softening and eventual induction of labour; duration of pregnancy (38-42 wk) was confirmed by ultrasonic records. Global analysis revealed 48 (96%) vaginal deliveries, 43 (86%) being spontaneous labour and 5 (10%) instrumentally assisted deliveries (forceps). Caesarean section was required in 2 cases (4%). Three patients, having registered no Bishop score (above 5) progress after the first treatment, went into labour upon the second application of PGE2 gel. Mean induction-delivery time was 11 h 50 min for nulliparae and 7 h 50 min for multiparae. Mean ROM/amniotomy-delivery time was 5 h 59 min for nulliparae and 3 h 11 min for multiparae. Four neonates with initial Apgar scores below 7 registered immediately higher values after adequate reanimation manouvres.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Test and calibration processes for microcalorimeters, with special reference to heat conduction instruments used with aqueous systems.

Calorimeters are normally calibrated by use of electrical heaters, but the calibration values derived may not always be representative for the chemical or biological process investigated. It is therefore important to have available chemical test processes by which the electrical calibration values can be controlled. In some cases, electrical calibration should be replaced by chemical calibrations. With particular reference to needs in work with thermophile heat conduction microcalorimeters, a number of test and calibration processes are presented. Some calibration problems for various types of reaction vessel are discussed.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed2005

Raman spectroscopy investigation of various saturated monoacid triglycerides.

A study of the vibrational behavior of five saturated monoacid triacylglycerides is performed by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature in the 3100-500 cm(-1) spectral range. The splitting of the CO stretching mode leads to conclude on the existence of two or three geometries of CO in the "knot" group OCO. The CO stretching mode seems to be a good tool for distinguishing the polymorphic forms of the studied triglycerides. The assignments of the different CH stretching modes are performed in the 1500-500 cm(-1) spectral range. The I(2845)/I(2880) (in the CH stretching spectral region) and I(1445)/I(1296) intensity ratios (between the maximal intensity I(1445) of the CH(2) scissoring mode and the maximal intensity I(1296) of the skeletal vibration of (CH(2))(n) in-phase twist) seem to depend on the type of polymorphic forms of these molecules.

Spectrum Analysis, Raman↗