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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Sudden cardiac death during exercise in a weight lifter using anabolic androgenic steroids: pathological and toxicological findings.

A 21-year-old, previously healthy weight lifter collapsed during a bench press workout. He had taken anabolic androgenic steroids parenterally for the previous several months. Pertinent autopsy findings included marked cardiac and renal hypertrophy and hepatosplenomegaly, with regional myocardial fibrosis and focal myocardial necrosis. Nandrolone (19-nor-testosterone) metabolites were identified in postmortem urine. The possible etiologies of the cardiac findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The intracerebral distribution of bismuth in bismuth encephalopathy. Pathological and toxicological study of 3 cases (author's transl)].

Neuropathological study of 3 patients dying from bismuth encephalopathy showed the absence of specific lesions and the probably secondary nature of the abnormalities found. Multiple samples taken from various areas of the brain were used for the purpose of the analysis of the topographical distribution of bismuth. Levels were invariably very high and to toxic agent diffusely distributed. The concentration was nevertheless higher in the grey matter than in the white matter. They hypothesis of a liposoluble compound which would explain the affinity of bismuth for cerebral tissue is probable.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The north american control animal database: a resource based on standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria.

Historical control data have been shown to be valuable in the interpretation and evaluation of results from rodent carcinogenicity studies. Standardization of terminology and histopathology procedures is a prerequisite for meaningful comparison of control data across studies and analysis of potential carcinogenic effects. Standardization is particularly critical for the construction of a database that includes incidence data from different studies evaluated by pathologists in different laboratories. Standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria have been established for neoplasms and proliferative lesions. Efforts of the National Toxicology Program, the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP), and the Registry of Industrial Toxicology Animal-data (RITA) have led to a harmonized pathology nomenclature for the rat and the mouse. This nomenclature with detailed descriptions of lesions is available in publications by the STP and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). A listing of these terms is available on the World Wide Web. Utilizing the model established by RITA and working with the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), companies with laboratories in North America formed a working group in 1994 to establish and maintain a database of neoplastic and proliferative lesions from control animals in carcinogenicity studies. The rationale for development of the North American Control Animal Database (NACAD), the factors that influence tumor incidence, operation of the database, and the benefits to be realized by using a standardized approach are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Peer review in toxicologic histopathology: its necessity, type and procedure].

A histopathology peer review already has become an integral part of industrial toxicologic pathology in the USA and Europe. Nevertheless, the review is unfamiliar to toxicologic pathologists in Japan. This report provides detailed information on convenient, useful procedures for peer review in toxicologic histopathology and describes its necessity and type. Histopathology peer review is either informal or formal. Formal review means that the target organs to be re-estimated and the reviewing pathologist's name are stated somewhere in a protocol or study report. The resolution of all diagnostic discrepancies between studies and reviewing pathologists must be clarified, and the review records need to be preserved. No audit trials need to be kept for informal peer review. Based on the purpose of the review, histopathology peer reviews may be classified into 3 major types: "complete", "problem-solving", and a "quality-monitoring" reviews. For a "Complete" review, all histopathologic findings crucial to the conclusion of the study are re-examined. A "problem-solving" review serves to re-evaluate anomalous findings. A "quality-monitoring" review is a periodical monitor of the quality of histopathologic diagnoses at pathology laboratories, particularly in toxicology contract research organizations. The procedures for histopathology peer review consist of 5 stages. At the first stage, the target organs to be reviewed are selected from the draft summary tables of the original findings diagnosed by the study pathologist, and the reviewing pathologist evaluates all selected organs. At the second stage, the study pathologist re-examines all the findings with diagnoses not accepted by the reviewing pathologist and re-considers the appropriateness of these original diagnoses. At the third stage, the study pathologist and the reviewing pathologists discuss all diagnostic differences until they reach a consensus opinion. At the fourth stage, the whole process (stage 1 to 3) of peer review of all target organs is tabulated, including the study pathologist's and reviewing pathologist's diagnoses, the study pathologist's opinions, and consensus diagnoses. At the fifth stage, Peer Review Certification is issued with the study pathologists' and reviewing pathologists' signatures. The reviewing pathologist must share the responsibility for the final diagnoses with the study pathologist. In order to gain greater credibility from regulatory agencies, a peer review performance is best made by an independent external pathologist.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Genetically modified foods: hazard identification and risk assessment. Session summary.

During a Joint Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP)/International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists (IFSTP) International Symposium, held between June 24 and 28, 2001, in Orlando, FL, USA, there was a session entitled as "Genetically Modified Foods: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment". The purpose of this session was to present and discuss the current situations in the US, European Union and Japan for the public concerns, safety assessments and regulations on genetically modified (GM) products used as foods or food ingredients. Assuming the wide and fast growing of the usage of GM products, it is the duty for us as toxicologic pathologists, to supply reliable data on their safety and possible risks or hazards as a world-wide basis to not only governments or regulatory agencies but also general public of our countries.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

LCM-Enriched Proteomic Characterization of Antibody-Mediated Glomerular Damage and Complement Activation in Pre-Clinical Models.

Biologics, lipid nanoparticles, and other therapeutic modalities can result in adverse events, often detected as lesions during preclinical pathology assessments. Characterization of these lesions provides valuable information during drug development to contextualize mechanisms of injury and assess species translatability. Here, we investigated the utility of a laser capture microdissection (LCM)-enriched mass spectrometry proteomics approach to analyze two well-characterized preclinical models of regional (glomerular) injury: Passive Heyman Nephritis in rats and bovine gamma globulin-induced glomerular injury in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Using LCM-enriched proteomics, glomeruli were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissue in the rat model, enabling identification of 4,661 proteins and quantification of 3,410. Proteinuria measurements were compared with digital pathology metrics of glomerular morphology and proteomics results, with all modalities yielding concordant evidence of glomerular injury and proteomics confirming the role of complement activation. The same LCM- enriched proteomics workflow was applied to an NHP model of induced glomerular damage, identifying 4,623 proteins, quantifying 3,000, and confirming qualitative concordance with established features of complement-mediated glomerular injury. Together, these findings illustrate the applicability of LCM-enriched proteomics for region-specific characterization of antibody-mediated tissue injury and support its use as a hypothesis-generating platform in translational toxicologic pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Radiation toxicology: quantitative radiation pathology for predicting effects.

Radiation toxicology is the quantification of radiation pathophysiology. It is based upon the development of more precise and accurate radiation dose response data in humans. Such information is particularly important because of the development of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The search for models which will predict radiation injury is presented along with innovative approaches to the 3-dimensional reconstruction of isodose curves in autopsy material, and ultrastructural studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of immunohistochemistry for evaluating the liver.

Immunohistochemistry has been utilized in recent years primarily for diagnosis of infectious diseases of the liver, especially in humans. The utility of immunohistochemistry has extended to experimental and toxicologic pathology in a variety of areas: identification of cell phenotype, cell receptors, cytokine and chemikine production, and functional cell changes such as enzyme induction. In addition, markers for experimental carcinogenesis studies are detectable by immunohistochemical changes as well as novel antigen induction such as placental glutathione-S-transferase, oncofetal proteins, oncogene products, and typing of neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry is also used to detect the origin and function of various cell types in developmental and toxicity studies. Careful use of immunohistochemical procedures in conjunction with routine pathology and molecular techniques enhance the ability of the toxicologic pathologist to diagnose unique conditions and to understand mechanisms of lesion development.

Animals↗