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PubMed2002

A three-dimensional model for the tooth-loss patterns by multi-plane regression analysis.

The construction of dental condition models is one of the useful methods for analysis of epidemiological surveys. The purpose of this investigation was to make a simple model with clear turning points for the longitudinal tooth-loss patterns of Japanese adults by means of multi-plane regression analysis. Since 1957, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare has carried out national surveys of dental conditions every six years. The data of present tooth numbers by age (24-79 years) and sex from these surveys were used for this study. When there are turning points between two variables, intersecting straight lines regression is a valid means. However, a new method was developed so that the data of this study had three variables. The new three-dimensional model by multi-plane regression analysis seemed to fit tooth-loss patterns of Japanese adults within three phases. Younger subjects are represented in the first phase followed by the third phase of elders, where tooth loss was rather slow. However, in the second phase, middle-aged subjects, people lost their teeth rapidly. Thus, prolongation of the first phase could be an important factor to improve overall dental health.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The predictability of periodontal treatment as measured by tooth loss: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the predictability of periodontal treatment as measured by tooth loss in 114 patients. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The patients were selected for the study if they had been treated for moderate-to-advanced periodontitis and had received continuous periodontal maintenance every 3 to 6 months for 5 years or longer. The patients averaged 53 years of age, were equally divided by gender, and were maintained an average of 12.5 years. Patients were retrospectively assigned, according to the number of teeth lost following active periodontal treatment, to the well-maintained group (96 patients, 0 to 3 teeth lost), downhill group (15 patients, 4 to 9 teeth lost), or extreme downhill (three patients, 10 to 23 teeth lost) group. Teeth were retrospectively assigned a questionable or hopeless prognosis. RESULTS: Of the 2,899 teeth present during maintenance care, 378 had a questionable prognosis because of furcation involvement, and 63 (16.7%) of these teeth were lost. Of the 529 nonfurcated teeth that had a questionable prognosis, 68 (12.9%) were lost during the maintenance phase of treatment. Ninety-six teeth were given a hopeless prognosis, and 32 (33.3%) of these teeth were lost. Surgical treatment of teeth with questionable or hopeless prognosis did not improve the retention of these teeth in the downhill and extreme downhill groups. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of a periodontally compromised tooth in individual patients in difficult to predict accurately. A hopeless prognosis is more accurate than a questionable prognosis in predicting tooth loss in these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Tooth loss and retention: analysis on 500 maxillae of a multitribal group of Bantu-speaking South African blacks.

This study analyzes tooth loss and retention in 500 dry maxillae of adult South African Bantu-speaking blacks. The tribe, sex, and stated age at death were available. Specimens were equally distributed over the third to the seventh decades of life. The presence of dental units was recorded and analyzed between and within age groups. A total of 5063 dental units was recorded. Reduction of the frequency of dental units was mild and not significant between the third and fourth decades of life and between the sixth and seventh. Severe and significant tooth loss was recorded between the fourth and the fifth, and between the fifth and the sixth decades of life. Specimens from younger individuals (from 21 to 30 years of age) retained more teeth in the anterior region; after the third decade of life, there was a clear and significant persistence of canines with tendency toward loss of teeth anterior and posterior to them. Based upon the present observations and previous studies in this population, it is suggested that: (a) in most teeth, tooth retention pattern is indirectly related to periodontal bone loss (In the canines, however, the long roots rather than "resistance" to periodontitis may be the cause for the relatively high longevity rate); and (b) caries may have been the main cause for tooth loss until the fourth decade of life--later, periodontal disease may have become the predominant reason.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

How do age and tooth loss affect oral health impacts and quality of life? A study comparing two national samples.

Age and loss of teeth can be expected to have a complex relationship with oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to explain how age and tooth loss affect the impact of oral health on daily living using the short form, 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) on national population samples of dentate adults from the UK (1998 UK Adult Dental Health Survey) and Australia (1999 National Dental Telephone Interview Survey). After correcting for key covariables, increasing age was associated with better mean impact scores in both populations. Those aged 30-49 years in Australia showed the worst (highest) scores. In the UK, those aged under 30 showed the highest scores. In both countries, adults aged 70+ showed much better scores than the rest (P < 0.001). When corrected for age, the independent effect of tooth loss was that the worst scores were found where there were fewer than 17 natural teeth in the UK and fewer than 21 teeth in Australia. People with 25 or more teeth averaged much better scores than all other groups (P < 0.001), although there were differences in pattern between countries. When Australians were analysed by region of birth, the pattern of scores by tooth loss for British/Irish immigrants was strikingly similar to that for the UK sample. First-generation immigrants from elsewhere showed much worse overall scores and a profoundly different pattern to the Australian- and British-born groups. Age, number of teeth and cultural background are important variables influencing oral health-related quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tooth loss, the wearing of dentures and associated factors in Sri Lankan older individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine tooth loss, wearing of dentures and associated factors in older individuals from Sri Lanka. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey where the data were collected by means of an oral examination and an interviewer administered questionnaire. SETTING: Negambo within the Gampaha district of Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS: A total of 630 subjects who were aged 60 years and above. RESULTS: Only 11 subjects had all 32 teeth and 17% were edentulous. Age, gender and level of income were significantly associated with the number of missing teeth. Of those with missing teeth, 22% wore dentures. Only 16% of the non-denture wearers perceived a need for dentures. Among the non-denture wearers who perceived a need for dentures, a majority had cited 'cost' as the main barrier for obtaining dentures. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, levels of income and education and missing teeth were significant predictors of wearing of dentures. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of factors that influence tooth loss and wearing of dentures may have implications for oral health care planners in the provision and delivery of oral health services to the older individuals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Uselessness of a questionnaire for osteoporosis and role of bone mass measurements in predicting tooth loss.

AIM: We evaluated whether the number of teeth lost is associated with risk factors for osteoporosis and whether bone mass measurements can add further information. METHODS: A total of 455 healthy women were enrolled. All the subjects filled in a questionnaire on risk factors for osteoporosis. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured both by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound measurements (QUS). RESULTS: On the basis of the questionnaire score 65.1% of the subjects were in the low risk category, 11% in the moderate risk category, 19.3% in the fairly high risk category and 4.6% in the high risk category. Close relationships (P<0.001) were observed between bone mass loss and the questionnaire risk categories. The number of teeth lost significantly increased from normal to osteoporosis groups. High correlations were also found between osteosonographic parameters and the number of teeth lost. Among questionnaire items a significant positive correlation was found only between the number of teeth lost and both age class (P<0.001) and years since menopause (P<0.001). A multiple regression showed that only age class (P<0.001) and ultrasound bone profile index (UBPI) (P=0.041) were independently linked to tooth loss. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained showed that age is the main determinant of tooth loss and that QUS adds further information in identifying patients at a higher risk of tooth loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The association between tooth loss and coronary heart disease in men and women.

OBJECTIVES: This paper evaluates the relation of tooth loss to incidence of coronary heart disease in two large cohort studies. METHODS: Participants included 41,407 men and 58,974 women free of any cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We recorded 1,654 incident coronary heart disease events (562 fatal events) among men during 12 years of follow-up and 544 events (158 fatal events) among women during 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS: After controlling for important cardiovascular risk factors, compared to men with 25-32 teeth at baseline, men with 0-10 teeth had a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR]= 1.36; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.11, 1.67). The relative risk increased to 1.79 (95% CI=1.34, 2.40) when limited to fatal events. Women with 0-10 teeth were also at increased risk of coronary heart disease compared to women with 25-32 teeth (RR=1.64; 95% CI=1.31, 2.05). The association was similar for fatal events (RR= 1.65; 95% CI=1.11, 2.46). The association between number of teeth and incidence of coronary heart disease was similar between men with and without a history of periodontal disease, and there was no significant association between tooth loss during follow-up and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant association between number of teeth at baseline and risk of coronary heart disease and the mechanisms to explain this association should be further clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Postmortem tooth loss in human identification processes.

Teeth provide essential data for human identification. However, they are frequently lost during the process of skeletonization or under manipulation during exhumation. Because of the high frequency of postmortem tooth loss, this phenomenon was examined in three different samples, in an attempt to simulate the actual circumstances experienced in the forensic processes of identification of human remains. The method employed aimed to describe and quantify dental spaces, distinguishing between loss after death or before by extraction. The results showed a high prevalence of postmortem tooth loss: 41.37% in sample A, 56.83% in sample B and 3.96% in sample C. These losses were most frequent in the maxillary incisor group in all three samples analysed. These data underline the need for redoubled care in recovery, transportation and storage of crania, so that teeth are not lost, which could seriously compromise the identification process.

Forensic Dentistry↗
PubMed2002

Use of the Internet as a research method in a study of the emotional effects of tooth loss in Poland.

The study explored the use of the Internet to investigate the emotional effects of tooth loss in a Polish population. The Internet was used as a novel method of recruiting study participants. The study was announced on Internet pages in the Polish language inviting anyone who had lost some natural teeth to respond. Respondents were sent a questionnaire by e-mail, which they completed and returned by the same means. Twenty nine completed questionnaires were received in a twelve month period. The respondents were predominantly males under the age of 50 years reflecting the profile of Internet users in Poland. Despite the sample bias, the results showed a trend similar to the findings of earlier studies into the emotional effects of tooth loss with many of the respondents reporting difficulty in coming to terms with the loss of some or all their natural teeth.

Anger↗
PubMed1987

Tooth loss among Nigerians: causes and pattern of mortality.

A study was carried out to elucidate the causes and pattern of loss of permanent teeth among Nigerians. A total of 3,163 dental extractions were carried out on 2,100 patients thus giving a ratio of 1.5 extractions per patient. The investigation revealed two major causes of tooth loss, i.e. periodontal disease (46.4%) and dental caries (43.9%). Other important aetiologic factors were trauma (4.5%), tooth impaction (2.4%) and orthodontic problem (1.6%). There was evidence to confirm fears by previous researchers that dental caries as a major cause of tooth mortality was increasing fast and could soon become the most important cause of tooth loss if not controlled. The study further showed that tooth mortality among Nigerians could be minimized if appropriate steps were taken immediately to control periodontal disease and dental caries, both of which constitute approximately 90% of all the causes of tooth loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for total tooth loss in the United States; longitudinal analysis of national data.

The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) of 1982-84 collected longitudinal data from 10,523 individuals initially seen during the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) of 1971-75. Among this additional data was information on the incidence of total tooth loss during the 10 years between the surveys, which could then be added to NHANES I data to identify risk factors. In this analysis, a series of bivariate analyses were carried out, followed by logistic regression analysis to assess the simultaneous effect of major variables. Results showed that 7.4 percent of dentate Americans aged 25-74 at NHANES I became edentulous over the next 10 years. In bivariate analyses, the incidence of edentulism was correlated with baseline measures of lower income and education status, poorer oral health, self-perceptions of poor general health and oral health, absence of a regular dentist, and a lower number of remaining teeth at baseline. No correlation was found with gender and geographic region, nor with self-reported diabetes and arthritis, and age was not a factor when the number of remaining teeth at baseline were taken into account. In a logistic regression model assessing the effect of these variables simultaneously, none of the demographic variables retained significance; the only variable statistically significant in both age groups was the number of teeth remaining at baseline. Other significant variables in younger persons were higher periodontal disease scores, perceived poor dental health, perceived need for extractions, history of smoking, and low ascorbic acid intake. Some of these variables were reflections of negative health behavior and attitudes rather than direct correlates. Principal findings from this study were the importance of early tooth loss in eventual edentulism and the virtual disappearance of gender and age as determinants of total tooth loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Osteoporosis and the risk of tooth loss.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia may influence periodontal disease and tooth loss. Although many studies suggest that in elderly men and women, maintenance of normal bone mineral density is associated with improved tooth retention, the evidence is still inconclusive. Hormone replacement therapy and calcium and vitamin D supplements that are used to prevent or treat osteoporosis appear to have beneficial effects on tooth retention as well. Future prospective studies, including randomized clinical trials, are needed to confirm these findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Dates, caries, and early tooth loss during the Iron Age of Oman.

Diets high in fermentable carbohydrates are known to be highly cariogenic, particularly when contained in very sticky food such as dates. This medium allows food to remain in contact with the teeth, thereby resisting the normal flushing action of the saliva. When comprising a large portion of the diet, food such as this can lead to high caries incidence and accelerated tooth loss. This appears to be the situation found in a skeletal series from the late Iron Age in the Sultanate of Oman (100 BC-AD 893). Dental remains from 37 individuals were used in this study. Antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), caries, and dental attrition data were compiled from the 32 adult and juvenile specimens. In this sample, the caries rate is 35.5% of individuals (39.4% corrected), and 18.4% of teeth (32.4% corrected), while AMTL occurs in 100% (ten of ten) of preserved mandibles. Caries onset in permanent molars begins soon after eruption, with tooth loss and remodeling of the alveolus frequently complete by the time of third molar occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Can dentures improve the quality of life of those who have experienced considerable tooth loss?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify variations in the impact of oral health on quality of life (OHQOL) among UK residents in relation to self-reported number of teeth possessed and denture status. In addition, to determine whether recourse to a removable prosthesis for those who claimed that they had experienced considerable tooth loss (having <20 teeth) was associated with quality of life. METHODS: The vehicle for this was the Office for National Statistics Omnibus survey in Great Britain. A random probability sample of 2667 addresses was selected in a multistage sampling process. Participants were interviewed about their oral health status. The impact of oral health on quality of life was measured utilising the OHQoL-UK(W) measure. RESULTS: The response rate was 68%. Variations in OHQoL-UK(W) scores were apparent in relation to self-reported number of teeth possessed (P < 0.001) and denture status (P < 0.001). Moreover, disparities in OHQOL were apparent among those who experienced considerable tooth loss who didn't have recourse to a denture (P < 0.001). In regression analysis, those who claimed that they had <20 natural teeth but had no recourse to a denture were less than half as likely to enjoy enhanced oral health related quality of life compared to others in the population (OR = 0.46, 95% Cl 0.30, 0.71), controlling for socio-demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Experience of considerable tooth loss without recourse to a removable dental prosthesis is an important predictor of oral health related quality of life, as captured by OHQoL-UK(W), and associated with reduced quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Progression of dental caries and tooth loss between the third and fourth decades of life: a birth cohort study.

The majority of what is known of the experience of dental caries among adults is from cross-sectional studies, and there are surprisingly few population-level longitudinal studies of dental caries among adults. Dental examinations were conducted at age 26 and again at age 32 among participants in a longstanding prospective study of a birth cohort born in Dunedin (New Zealand) in 1972/1973. Some 901 individuals (88.8%) were dentally examined at both ages. The mean number of remaining teeth and tooth surfaces fell between 26 and 32, reflecting ongoing tooth loss. The overall prevalence of caries rose from 94.9 to 96.8%, while there were greater increases in the proportion with caries-associated tooth loss (from 10.8 to 22.8%). Caries experience was greatest in the molar teeth and upper premolars, and was lowest in the lower anterior teeth. The mean crude caries increment (CCI) was 5.0 surfaces (SD 6.6); 681 (75.5%) experienced 1+ CCI, and the mean CCI among those individuals was 6.6 surfaces (SD 6.9). Substantial dental caries and tooth loss experience occur as people move from the third into the fourth decade of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The impact of tooth loss in a denture wearing population: an assessment using the Oral Health Impact Profile.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of tooth loss in complete denture wearers using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), and to compare the validity of 49 and 14 item versions of OHIP in a denture wearing population. DESIGN: In this cross sectional study, data were collected at Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK. Two groups were involved: (1) subjects edentulous in one or both jaws seeking dental implants to retain their intra-oral prostheses (n = 48); (2) an edentulous control group of the same age and gender distribution requesting conventional, complete dentures (n = 35). All participants in the study completed a 49 item OHIP (OHIP-49) and a validated denture satisfaction questionnaire prior to active treatment. OHIP data were computed using the weighted standardised and simple count methods. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to compare the responses of implant and control subjects. RESULTS: Both groups were dissatisfied with their conventional dentures and had relatively similar levels of dissatisfaction. There were statistically significant differences between the groups for all seven OHIP-49 sub-scale scores. Differences between OHIP-14 sub-scale scores were also significant, with presence of teeth influencing the impact on psychological discomfort. CONCLUSION: Subjects in the implant group were significantly more impaired, disabled and handicapped by tooth loss than subjects seeking conventional dentures. The results suggested that OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 had a similar ability to discriminate between the groups. This indicates that OHIP-14 may be a useful aid in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Deviation from the Broadrick occlusal curve following posterior tooth loss.

Production of an appropriate occlusal curve for dentitions which have become deranged because of tooth loss, overeruption, tipping and drifting can present challenges for the dental technician. An earlier paper (J Oral Rehabil, 2005 32: 895-900.) demonstrates that the use of the Broadrick flag method for producing the occlusal curve is relatively accurate for most intact arches. This study demonstrates that when a posterior tooth has remained unopposed for 5 years or more positional changes, which cause deviation from the Broadrick curve, occur. The extent of the deviation may be extreme, potentially leading to difficulties in restoring a harmonious occlusal scheme. This study also demonstrates that the Broadrick curve may provide an accurate reproduction of the occlusal curve, even when the tooth forming the posterior determinant of the curve is tipped. A moderate degree of tipping of this tooth has little effect on the radius of the Broadrick curve.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of tooth loss on general health related to quality of life among elderly Pomeranians: results from the study of health in Pomerania (SHIP-O).

PURPOSE: It is important to know whether tooth loss has an impact on an individual's quality of life, since tooth loss is common. The aim of this study was to determine whether oral status is associated with general health and related to quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 1,406 subjects aged 60 to 79 years were taken from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Sociodemographic (age, sex, and education level) and medical information (including the most common diseases in Germany) were gathered through an interview, and income data were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. The prosthetic status in the maxilla and mandible was classified into complete denture or removable partial denture or with > or = 10 natural teeth including teeth replaced with fixed prosthodontics (> or = 10T) or with < or = 9 natural teeth including fixed prosthodontics (< or = 9T). The health-related quality of life was measured using the Short Form (SF-12) questionnaire. Multiple linear logistic regression analyses were used to identify the nonstandardized beta coefficient using physical and psychologic indices from the SF-12 as dependent variables and sociodemographic information, prosthetic status, and disease state as independent variables. RESULTS: Prosthetic status is related to the physical scale of the SF-12. Additionally, we found that < or = 9T had a significant effect on the physical index of general health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION: Reduced dentition without replacement of missing teeth by removable or fixed prosthodontics reduces the physical index of quality of life to the same extent as cancer or renal diseases.

Aged↗