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PubMed1997

The scientific rationale and development of an optimized stannous fluoride dentifrice, Part 1.

Stannous fluoride has been recognized as an effective anticavity therapeutic agent since the early 1950s. There has recently been a resurgence in activity to discover ways to fully exploit its documented antimicrobial activity. Through the use of targeted in vitro methodology to predict in vivo efficacy, a highly optimized stannous fluoride dentifrice has been developed. Careful selection of stabilizing agents formulated into a unique system has resulted in a Colgate Optimized Stannous Fluoride (COSF) dentifrice that has been proven to simultaneously help control supragingival plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus, and caries. Furthermore, the COSF dentifrice has been clinically shown not to cause the traditional stannous fluoride staining of dentition.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1997

Clinical efficacy of an optimized stannous fluoride dentifrice, Part 4: A 3-month calculus clinical study, northwest USA.

The objective of this 3-month, double-blind study was to investigate the efficacy of Colgate Optimized Stannous Fluoride (COSF) dentifrice for the control of supragingival dental calculus accumulation. After 3 months' use, the COSF dentifrice group exhibited a statistically significant 56.6% reduction in supragingival calculus formation, as compared to the control dentifrice group. The results of this study support the conclusion that the COSF dentifrice is efficacious for controlling the accumulation of supragingival calculus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical efficacy of an optimized stannous fluoride dentifrice, Part 5: A 3-month study of extrinsic tooth staining, northeast USA.

The objective of this 3-month, double-blind clinical study was to investigate the level of tooth staining associated with the use of Colgate Optimized Stannous Fluoride (COSF) dentifrice compared to the tooth staining associated with two commercially available dentifrices. The results of this clinical study support the conclusion that the intensity and extent of extrinsic tooth stain associated with the use of the COSF dentifrice are significantly lower than that associated with Crest Gum Care Toothpaste. Further, this study provided no indication that the use of the COSF dentifrice is associated with a greater level of stain than that associated with the use of Crest Regular Toothpaste, a standard 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica dentifrice.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the labeling of streptokinase with 99mTc for use as a radiopharmaceutical in the detection of deep-vein thrombosis: concise communication.

Streptokinase was labeled with 99mTc using both stannous chloride and stannous pyrophosphate as reducing agents. Sixty to seventy-five percent of the 99m Tc was incorporated into streptokinase using stannous chloride as a reducing agent at pH 1-2, wheras 50-60% was incorporated using stannous pyrophosphate at neutral pH. Increasing the pH from 2 to 7 in the presence of stannous chloride caused the release of 15-20% of the protein-bound 99mTc. Incorporation of 99mTc into protein was relatively slow: labeling required 2-3 hr at room temperature. The concentration of stannous pyrophosphate required for optimum labeling varied between 10(-5) and 10(-2) M. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that the filler substance in commercial streptokinase was also labeled with 99mTc. However pure streptokinase gave a homogenous protein band after polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. This protein band coincided with the peak of streptokinase-bound 99mTc. The results obtained may partially explain why 99mTc-labeled streptokinase lacks the necessary specificity for the satisfactory location of blood clots in vivo.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1991

[Competitive sports activity in subjects undergoing the surgical correction of an ostium-secundum type of interatrial defect: the experience of 9 cases].

Patients who have undergone surgical repair of congenital heart diseases are usually not allowed to participate in competitive sports. In the present study we report our long-term experience with 9 male athletes aged 17 to 23 years who participate in competitive sports after undergoing surgical repair of ostium secundum atrial septal defect at a median age of 9 years; six of them play football and three of them volleyball. Competitive sport activities began 1 to 5 years after surgical repair. The mean duration of follow-up is 88 +/- 26 months. Sport fitness was granted on the basis of the following criteria: 1) a normal physical examination; 2) a normal working capacity on exercise test; 3) no arrhythmias on exercise test and Holter monitoring, recorded also during sport activities; 4) a normal M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, including the normalization of right ventricular size; the persistence of an abnormal ventricular septal motion did not exclude sport fitness. Recently we also performed Doppler and color Doppler echocardiography and gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise. We studied left ventricular diastolic filling through the pulsed wave Doppler evaluation of transmitral flow and measured cardiac output by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography during exercise test in the supine position. We also performed exercise test and M-mode, two-dimensional, Doppler and color Doppler echocardiography in a control group made up of 15 athletes (10 football players and 5 volleyball players). The exercise duration at graded treadmill exercise test (according to the Carù protocol), the maximal heart rate and the maximal systolic blood pressure were, respectively, 12.9 +/- 0.8 min, 192 +/- 10 beats/min and 198 +/- 12 mmHg. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and ejection fraction (single-plane area-length method) were 50.3 +/- 2.8 mm, 210 +/- 38 g and 65 +/- 6%. M-mode right ventricular diastolic dimension was 23.4 +/- 1.6 mm; the right ventricular maximal diastolic diameter and area obtained on two-dimensional echocardiography from the apical four chamber view were 44.1 +/- 3.6 mm and 25 +/- 3.8 cm2 respectively. The evaluation of transmitral flow showed the following data: E velocity 77 +/- 12 cm/sec, A velocity 45 +/- 6 cm/sec, E/A ratio 1.7 +/- 0.3, the isovolumic-relaxation period 72 +/- 8 m/sec and the deceleration half-time of the early rapid filling 71 +/- 10 m/sec. A trivial tricuspid regurgitation was detected in 6 subjects; the peak velocity of the regurgitant jet was less than 2.1 m/sec.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Skeletal uptake of pyrophosphate labeled with technetium-95m and technetium-96, as evaluated by autoradiography.

For animal experimentation, the 95m and 96 technetium isotopes offer many advantages over technetium-99m. Their long physical half-lives and the emission of extranuclear electrons of low penetrating power make it possible to obtain autoradiograms of a great precision. The uptake of technetium stannous pyrophosphate by the epiphyseal plate was studied using liquid-emulsion microautoradiography, 3 hr after i.v. injection into 10-week-old rabbits. Microautoradiograms showed a well-defined and rather specific pattern of localization with intense uptake beneath the epiphyseal disk on the extremities of the vascular buds and a lack of accumulation in the cartilage, whether calcified or uncalcified. In the metaphysis, the label was located where new bone was being laid down and also over the cytoplasm of osteoclasts. We deduce from these results that in normal bone the general distribution of this tracer reflects mainly the arrangement of the blood supply, but the specific sites of accumulation are the bone-forming surfaces and the active resorbing osteoclasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Volumetric indices of the left ventricle in patients with ischemic heart disease].

In addition to the conventional indices of radionuclide angiography with ECG-gait in equilibrium, the authors determined the volume indices of the left ventricle at rest by the so-called nongeometric method in 30 patients with ischemic heart disease. Patients without myocardial infarct (13 subjects) had decreased total left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF), as a result of increase in the end systolic volume index (ESVI) in one of the tested patients. Changes in the regional fractions and in the wall kinetics were detected in 6, resp. in 8 patients. Patients with myocardial infarct--13 subjects--had decreased total left ventricular EF, as a result increased ESVI in 4 patients. Disturbances in the regional fraction and in the wall kinetics had 9 patients. Estimated for the whole group, the mean ESVI level was significantly higher than in the former group of patients. Patients with postinfarction aneurysm, in addition to the marked decrease of the total left ventricular EF, had increased and-systolic and diastolic volume index, which in some of the patients was associated with reduced stroke volume index. The minute flow levels were significantly lower than in the former two groups. Determination of the volume indices is an important supplement to the efforts to gain precise information on the functional state of the left ventricle and for evaluation of the hemodynamics and of the effect of complications which occur with the advancing of the ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Results of combined myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography before and after transluminal coronary angioplasty of critical coronary artery stenoses].

This study compares exercise radionuclide ventriculography (RNVG) and exercise myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl (MSC) both computed trisectorially. 137 patients before and after transluminal angioplasty (TCA) were investigated. While specificity equivalent was set at 90% for both methods (10% percentile of the controls [n = 29]) overall sensitivity for RNVG was 79% (n = 86) and for MSC 78% (n = 98). Sensitivity of RNVG for lesions of the posterior wall was lower than for the anterior wall: LAD stenoses 83% (n = 46), RCA stenoses 71% (n = 17), and LCX stenoses 63% (n = 8). Sensitivity of MSC presents only a slight difference between anterior and posterior wall lesions: LAD stenoses 78% (n = 51), RCA stenoses 73% (n = 22), RCX stenoses 100% (n = 8). Reproducibility of pathological findings before and after non-successful TCA and the determination of the stenosed vessel was slightly better with MSC than with RNVG. Functional improvement after a successful TCA is predictable by MSC, whereas RNVG documents the functional improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Microautoradiographic method permitting the study of migration of 99m-technetium labelled leukocytes].

Cell migration studies are very important in inflammatory phenomena. Methods currently used are not quantitative and have been subject to much controversy. Homogeneity of 99mTc leukocyte labelling was verified by a microautoradiographic method (MAR), which was performed in our laboratory. This method was used in cell migration studies to verify if the migrating cells were indeed the labelled cells.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1986

Effect of Sn(II) ion concentration and heparin on technetium-99m red blood cell labeling.

While convenience and economy favor the use of in vivo methods for labeling red blood cells (RBCs) with [99mTc]pertechnetate, previous reports suggested that patient medication such as heparin might interfere and thus result in inferior quality images. In this study, using a canine model, the role of stannous Sn(II) ion in in vivo and in vitro labeling of RBCs both in the presence and absence of a therapeutic dose of heparin was investigated. Our results showed that Sn(II) ion concentration of 20 micrograms/kg body weight levels provided better than 80% in vivo labeling efficiency enabling high quality blood-pool images even in the presence of therapeutic doses of heparin.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Early imaging of the infarct.

Radionuclide techniques for the detection of acutely infarcted myocardium have been available for several years, but they are rarely used. Recent advances, such as the introduction of single-photon emission computed tomography and the introduction of novel radiopharmaceuticals, have suggested new clinical and research applications for them.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1977

Acute myocardial infarction: clinical application of technetium 99m stannous pyrophosphate infarct scintigraphy.

Acute myocardial infarction is being recognized as a spectrum of clinical subsets. This appreciation has been brought about to a large degree by the development of several new tools that can be applied clinically to aid in evaluation of patients with acute infarction, and in some cases to provide short and long-term prognostic information. In the realm of noninvasive methods, several tests utilizing radiopharmaceuticals and scintillation cameras have emerged and are rapidly becoming reliable diagnostic parameters in patients with coronary disease and infarction. Technetium 99m (stannous) pyrophosphate (TcPYP) scintigraphy, one of the first of these techniques to find clinical use, has been shown to be an accurate indicator of acute transmural myocardial infarction and provides added sensitivity and specificity to the diagnosis. Increased diagnostic accuracy, the dimension of visible localization and the potential for infarct sizing promise physicians better understanding of a patient's clinical presentation and a more rational approach to management.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of adriamycin cardiotoxicity using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. I. Results at rest].

Results of 606 equilibrium radionuclide ventriculographies performed in 348 non-selected patients receiving Adriamycin (ADM) therapy were stored in a data base system. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a potential cardiotoxic therapy on left ventricular pump function. Increasing ADM doses yielded a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease of the resting ejection fraction (R-gEF), the peak ejection rate and the peak filling rate. End diastolic and end systolic volumes increased significantly. Stroke volume, heart rate and time to peak filling rate did not change significantly. 368 follow-up studies were performed in 128 patients: 65/128 patients presented a decrease of R-gEF, but only in 45 of these patients R-gEF values fell into the pathologic range. In 44 of these follow-ups, R-gEF remained unchanged. In 19 patients, a R-gEF increase was observed. At the beginning of ADM therapy 14% of the patients had subnormal R-gEF values. With increasing ADM doses pathologic findings increased to 86% in patients with ADM doses higher than 500 mg/m2.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of adriamycin cardiotoxicity using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. II. Results during exercise].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a cardiotoxic therapy with Adriamycin (ADM) on left ventricular pump function. In 348 patients with malignant tumors, 606 equilibrium radionuclide ventriculographies (ERNV) were performed. In 90 patients, resting studies (R-ERNV) were followed by studies during exercise (E-ERNV). Results were evaluated statistically to determine whether E-ERNV provides more reliable parameters in the early detection of Adriamycin cardiomyopathy (ADM-CMP) than R-ERNV. The following left ventricular parameters were evaluated: global ejection fraction (gEF); end diastolic, end systolic, stroke volume (EDV, ESV, SV); peak filling rate, peak ejection rate (pFR, pER); time to peak filling rate (TpFR) and heart rate. Increasing ADM doses yielded a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) of resting values of gEF, pER, pFR. In contrast, stress-induced increases of gEF, pER, pFR were found independent of accumulative ADM doses and independent of the resting values of these parameters. An increase of gEF resulted from a significant decrease of ESV. In most cases, pathologic results at rest were detected earlier than subnormal changes of exercise values. Therefore, E-ERNV does not have a significantly higher sensitivity in the early detection of ADM-CMP than R-ERNV and is not required for the surveillance of patients under ADM therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Parametric imaging of experimentally simulated Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome conduction abnormalities in dogs: a concise communication.

In order to test the diagnostic potential of phase analysis of radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) for localizing accessory bundles in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, 24 experimental runs were performed in three open chest instrumented dogs. After a baseline study, WPW syndrome was simulated by stimulation at seven different sites around the base of the ventricles, and RNV's were obtained. Subsequent data processing including Fourier transformation allowed the localization of the site of the first inward motion of the ventricles by an isophasic wave display. In sinus rhythm, the septum contracted first. During ectopic premature ventricular stimulation by triggering the atrial signal, the phase scan was altered only when the stimulus was applied earlier than 20 ms before the expected QRS complex during sinus rhythm. During stimulation with fixed frequency, only the left lateral positions of the premature stimulation were detected by phase analysis with a sensitivity of 86%. Neither the antero- or posteroseptal nor the right ventricular premature contraction pattern could be exactly localized.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Nuclear medicine in determining the shunt in ductus arteriosus Botalli].

In 9 patients with patent ductus arteriosus, quantification of left-to-right shunt was performed with dye dilution curves after peripheral injection and with radionuclide ventriculography. The study was repeated within 7 days after successful transluminal occlusion of the ductus with an Ivalon-plug. Reproducubility of the method could be studied in one patient in whom reopening of the ductus occurred. Dye dilution curves were analyzed using the method of Carter et al. Radionuclide ventriculography was performed as a combined first-pass and equilibrium study: effective stroke volume was derived from the first pass of the tracer through the heart; during the equilibrium phase left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular enddiastolic volume (EDV) were evaluated. The difference between total left ventricular stroke volume (product of EF and EDV) and effective stroke volume was taken as shunt volume. This volume as a fraction of total left ventricular stroke volume resulted in percent left-to-right shunt. The sensitivity of the dye technique was 78%; a quantification of the shunt lesion was possible in 55% of all cases (shunt greater than 35%). The sensitivity of the radionuclide technique was 90%. The severity of the lesion could not be determined in one patient with a minimal shunt. After successful occlusion of the ductus, dye dilution curves normalized in all cases. Radionuclide ventriculography showed normalization in all but one patient. This patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation still showed moderate left ventricular volume overload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗