Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Time Perception”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The function of the counting of time as the basis for the individual adaptive activity of the nervous system].

An important role of time factor in adaptive process of organisms is shown on the basis of great literary material. The time perception is a result of the interrelationship of the so-called "biological clock" and learning during the whole ontogenesis. The hypothetical mechanisms of time perception are discussed. In own experiments the authors revealed more distinct expressiveness of high-frequency components in electroencephalogram spectrum and less expressiveness of low-frequency components in subjects underestimating time intervals compared with subjects overestimating them. A conception on the role of individual characteristics of nervous system in time perception is developed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

The perception of time as a factor in Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings: a literature review.

This literature review examines an operationalization of Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings. The principle of helicy and the theory of accelerating evolution has been used by a number of authors as a theoretical framework for the exploration of how patients, particularly those who are elderly, perceive the passage of time. Although there is no conclusive evidence to support the aspect of Rogers' theory of accelerating evolution that suggests that as people grow older they perceive time as passing more quickly, there is evidence that suggests that different elderly patients can have a variable perception of the passage of time. For example, some patients perceive the passage of time as rapid and will be happy to sit quietly. Others may perceive the passage of time as occurring more slowly and will require diversional therapy. A conclusion is reached that nurses should include individual assessments of the patients' perception of the passage of time in order to identify accurately the degree of need for diversional activities.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Perception of timing of movement-onset in a simple reaction time task.

Subjects judged verbally on temporal order between pressing a switch and a marking sound (MS) in a simple reaction time paradigm. They were uncertain when sound preceded movement by less than about 60 ms or followed it by less than 130 ms (transient zone--TZ). The point of subjective equality (defined by 0.5 probability of correct judgements of temporal order of sound and switching onsets) and the median of TZ were shifted about 60 and 35 ms prior movement onset, respectively. Estimating mutual timing of movement preparation and execution and sensory delays, these shifts correspond to the simultaneity of onsets of MS and proprioceptive feedback in the brain. Thus the results suggest about proprioceptive origin of perception of active movement onset.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Empirical and theoretical issues in the perception of time to contact.

Four questions concerning the perceptual source of information about time to contact (tc) are addressed: (a) What conditions are required for the optic variable tau to play a role in the perception of tc? (b) When these conditions are met, does tau alone provide sufficient information for accurate timing of interceptive actions? (c) Does a distance divided by velocity account of tc perception provide a convincing alternative to an account that is based on tau? (d) Is there any empirical evidence that distinguishes the two accounts? A "global" type of tau variable and a "local" type of tau variable are distinguished, each with different limitations. The discussion is largely concerned with local tau variables, 2 versions of which are identified. It is concluded that tau alone cannot provide sufficient information for skilled timing. An extended tau-based account presented in an earlier article (Tresilan, 1990) is discussed. It is argued that no extant empirical data can distinguish the extended account from the distance divided by velocity account.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1995

The distribution and clinical significance of sleep time misperceptions among insomniacs.

It is well recognized that sleep time misperceptions are common among insomniacs, but little is known about the distribution and clinical significance of these subjective distortions. The current investigation was conducted to examine the distribution of sleep time misperceptions among a large (n = 173), diverse group of insomniacs and to determine if such misperceptions might relate to the patients' clinical characteristics. Consistent with previous studies, our subjects, as a group, produced sleep estimates that were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than polysomnographically determined sleep times. However, patients' sleep time perceptions were widely distributed across a broad continuum, which ranged between gross underestimates and remarkable overestimates of actual sleep times. Results also showed that subgroups, formed on the basis of presenting complaints and diagnostic criteria (i.e. International Classification of Sleep Disorders nosology), differed in regard to the magnitude and direction of their sleep distortions. Moreover, these differences appeared consistent with the types of objective sleep disturbances these subgroups commonly experience. Hence, the tendency to underestimate actual sleep time is not a generic attribute of all insomniacs. Furthermore, it appears that the accuracy and nature of sleep time perceptions may relate to the type of sleep pathology underlying insomniacs' presenting complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between space and time in the perception of stimuli moving behind a slit.

When a shape defined by a set of dots plotted along its contour is presented in a sequence of frames within the boundaries of a slit, and in each frame only one dot (featureless frame) or two dots (feature frame) are displayed, a whole moving dotted shape is perceived. Masking techniques and psychophysical measures have been used to show that a dynamic random-dot mask interferes with shape identification, provided the interframe interval is greater than about 15 ms, and there are no stimulus features for recognition in individual frames. A similar pattern of results was obtained when the observer had only to detect the movement of a single dot or a pair of dots against a dynamic-noise background. It is concluded that the visual system can resolve the correspondence problem in both apparent movement (one moving dot) and aperture viewing (featureless-frame condition) by extracting motion before the extraction of features in each frame. However, the results also show that where feature identification in each frame is possible, it can also be used to identify the moving targets.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Variations in perception of short time intervals during menstrual cycle.

The hypothesis that women experience heightened sensitivity and responsivity premenstrually was tested by asking 10 women to produce short time intervals at four phases of the menstrual cycle. 10 men were assigned to "pseudo-cycles" and tested as a control. The test was based on the assumption that a greater sensitivity to stimuli is reflected in a "slowing down" of subjective time. The women produced the shortest time intervals three to four days before menses, confirming the hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Carbon monoxide and human time discrimination: failure to replicate Beard-Wertheim experiments.

Beard and Wertheium described a dose-related deficit in human time perception during low level CO exposure. Two other laboratories were unable to replicate this finding, although methodological differences could explain these failures. This study more precisely repeated the original experiment, but failed again to obtain any CO-related deficit. The bulk of evidence, therefore, does not indicate any adverse effect of low level CO exposure on time perception in healthy young adults.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Effects of morphine sulfate on operant behavior in rhesus monkeys.

The acute effects of morphine sulfate were assessed using a battery of complex food-reinforced operant tasks that included temporal response differentiation (TRD, n = 5), delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS, n = 6), progressive ratio (PR, n = 9), incremental repeated acquisition (IRA, n = 9), and conditioned position responding (CPR, n = 7) tasks. Performance in these tasks is thought to depend upon specific brain functions such as time perception (TRD), learning (IRA), short-term memory and attention (DMTS), color and position discrimination (CPR), and motivation to work for food (PR). Morphine sulfate (0.1-5.6 mg/kg IV), given 15 min presession, produced significant dose-dependent decreases in the number of reinforcers obtained in each task. Response accuracy was significantly decreased at doses greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/kg for TRD when compared to saline injections. Accuracy was not consistently affected in any other task in the test battery. Response rates decreased or response latencies increased significantly at doses of 1.0 mg/kg and above for the PR task, at 3.0 mg/kg and above for the IRA and TRD tasks, and only at the highest dose 5.6 mg/kg in the CPR and DMTS tasks. Percent task completed was decreased following doses of 1.0 mg/kg and higher for the IRA, PR and TRD tasks, at doses of 3.0 mg/kg and higher for the DMTS task, and at the high dose of 5.6 mg/kg for the CPR task. These results indicate that in monkeys, the performance of operant tasks designed to model learning ability (IRA), time perception (TRD) and motivation (PR) are more sensitive to the disruptive effects of morphine than is performance in tasks designed to model short-term memory and attention (DMTS). The task which models color and position discrimination (CPR) was the least sensitive to disruption by morphine.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The clinical utility of the hand-held tachistoscope.

A hand-held tachistoscope for use at the bedside was constructed and used to examine 40 normal controls and 170 psychiatric and neurological patients. This instrument quickly provided an index (perception time) which distinguished between idiopathic psychiatric illness and delirium, and between cortical and subcortical neuropathology. Slow perception time was seen in patients with delirium or cortical neuropathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Regularity, exposure time and perception of numerosity.

Two experiments are described. In Exp. 1, subjects compared the apparent numerosity of two kinds of dot patterns, regular vs irregular, with two different exposures (160 vs 2000 msec.). In Exp. 2, the subjects had to estimate the numerosity of the same patterns, presented one at a time. Analysis showed a relative overestimation of the regular patterns in Exp. 1 but not in Exp. 2. In general an overestimation occurred with an increase in exposure. Such results support our hypothesis of two separate processes as the basis of the two kinds of performance (estimating vs comparison).

Attention↗
PubMed1978

Methadone maintenance: an assessment of potential fluctuations in behavior between doses.

Thirty methadone maintenance outpatients were measured 1 and 25 hours after ingestion of methadone on auditory threshold, distance perception, simple and differential reaction time, time perception, attention span, and short-term memory. The results revealed a small but statistically significant difference between the two tests for distance perception. In addition, treatment interacted with preparatory interval on differential reaction time and with sex on attention span.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Acute behavioral toxicity of MK-801 and phencyclidine: effects on rhesus monkey performance in an operant test battery.

Monkey performance of operant tasks was used to model several brain functions and monitor the acute effects of MK-801 and phencyclidine (PCP). MK-801 is a relatively selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, while PCP is an NMDA antagonist that is also active at sigma opiate receptors. A comparison of these drugs' effects may indicate the relative importance of certain neurotransmitter receptor systems for specific behaviors. Learning and time perception behaviors are more sensitive (affected at lower doses) to the disruptive effects of MK-801 than are behaviors that model short-term memory, motivation, and color and position discrimination. Such selective disruption was not obtained for PCP: learning, short-term memory and attention, time perception, and motivation tasks are all equally sensitive to disruption. These findings suggest that specific brain functions are differentially affected by modulation of the NMDA and sigma opiate systems.

Animals↗