SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Prolonged oral high-dose mebendazole therapy provided an effective anthelmintic regimen for trichinosis unresponsive to steroid therapy in one patient. Side effects were limited to a Herxheimer-like reaction. Serum mebendazole levels documented gastrointestinal absorption. Repeat muscle biopsies and fluorescein angiography substantiated objective improvement.
In 1971, 81 finback (Balaenoptera physalus), 119 sei (B. borealis), two piked (B. acutorostrata), 15 humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and one sperm whale (Physeter catodon) taken in the North Atlantic off the Newfoundland and Nova Scotia coasts were examined for the presence of Trichinella spiralis. All 218 whales were negative for trichinosis.
Three patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma had Trichinella larvae in the associated oral soft tissues. Cocarcinogenesis may be involved in the interrelationship between trichinosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
During April, 1973, and outbreak of trichinosis occurred in Mae Sruay District, Chiang Rai Province, about 900 kilometers north of Bangkok, Thailand. Thirty-one persons were involved, of whom 27 (20 males, and 7 females), ranging in age from 9 to 72 years, were questioned. One adult female died before being brought to hospital. All subjects gave a history of having consumed raw pork in the form of "lahb" and "nahm", favourite dishes of the northern Thai. Beginning the third week after exposure, all developed fever and myalgia. Other less common complaints were diarrhoea and oedema of extremities and palpebral skin. Leucocytosis was revealed in 37% and 55% had eosinophilia exceeding 20%. Nineteen patients had hookworm and Opisthorchis infections. About 63% were skin test positive with Trichinella antigen. Eight patients were admitted to hospital; muscle biopsy was done on one serious case and trichina larvae were detected.
Five cases of acute trichinosis imported from Egypt (four of them have been anatomically and serologically proved) have been recently observed at the Ambroise-Paré Hospital. The patients had been contaminated at Cairo. All of them but one presented atypical clinical picture. One of them was complicated with myocarditis, making the pronostic more severe. In 3 cases out of 5 immunological tests and blood eosinophilia were right one case remaining doubtful these reactions being negative. An anthelminthic, thiabenzadole, associated with corticotherapy, seems to have been efficient.
The purposes of this report are: a) To show outstanding clinicopathological characteristics from the largest outbreak of trichinosis in México. b) To describe a modification to the traditional trichinoscopy through the use of compressed muscle stained with ordinary dyes an immediate observation; we have called the procedure tissular compression and dyeing technique (TCDT). The outbreak occurred in Delicias, Chihuahua, and affected 166 inhabitants who ate a not well cooked pork sausage. All patients showed malaise, 85.5 percent myalgias, and 72.7 percent facial edema; leucocytosis was seen in 75 percent of the patients, 60 percent with eosinophilia. Electromyography was performed in 21 patients in the acute phase of the illness and it was found abnormal in 85.7 percent. Only one patient died (0.6%). From 59 patients who were considered very ill, muscle biopsies were taken, and the conventional histopathological study showed larvae in 88.1 percent. TCDT demonstrated worms in 90.3 percent out of 47 biopsies; larvae were seen free and into muscle fibers with or without capsule cells. In conclusion TCDT is a simple, fast and easy reproducible procedure.
To search for new antihelminthics, the new compound N-[3-chloro-4-[(1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolyl) thio]phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzamide (the agent G-1724) was synthesized and tested by using the models of trichocephaliasis (Trichocephalus muris) and trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis). The tests demonstrated that this agent had an nematocidal effect (71-78%).
Cyclosporin A (CsA), a relatively new drug, was previously used in a series of studies on experimental trichinosis. This work was conducted to study the histopathological changes of CsA treatment at different time intervals from T. spiralis infection in mice. The work included study of the effect of the drug on the larvae treated either in vivo or in vitro. The drug was most effective when it was administered on the same day of infection, then when given one week before. The effect was evidenced by diminution both in the number of larvae and in the cellular reactions.
Patient P. aged 8 years complained of temperature elevation up to 39 degrees, which being noted within 5-6 days. He had also facial edema. After two days of the disease, vesiculopapular eruption appeared on the abdomen, upper and lower extremities, arthralgia, and myalgia. The Parasitological Laboratory, Central State Epidemiological Surveillance Station, Republic of Buryatia, confirmed the diagnosis by serological blood assay. Patient M. had pains of sweating, weakness, and myalgia. He fell ill when the temperature increased up to 40 degrees, there was facial edema; following 2 days, bright pink eruption appeared on the abdomen, dorsal chest. Eruption disappeared in its own following 2-3 days. The diagnosis of trichinosis was serologically verified.
Efficacy of cortisone and cyclophosphamide on the muscle phase of Trichinella spiralis in albino rats, before and after complete encapsulation, was studied by haematoxylin and eosin staining for histopathological changes and by the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the extent of antigen deposition. Results showing beneficial effects of cortisone and hazardous action of cyclophosphamide are discussed in details. This study indicates that the use of cortisone in the treatment of trichinosis remains to be substantiated particularly when administered before complete encystation; the time at which the diagnosis is usually made.
A comparative study between 8 cases of trichinosis and 16 of typhoid fever is presented in this paper; all of them were attended in the INP during the period from 1970 to 1990. The diagnosis was established under epidemiologic, clinic and laboratory bases. The range of age of these patients was from 10 to 14 years, from low socioeconomic status; half of the cases had history of in take of infested pork meat. The most characteristic symptoms were: fever, myalgia and limitation of muscular movements. Leukocytosis in addition to eosinophilia were found in 7 cases. Correlation with indirect hemagglutination, CIEF positive test for Trichinella spiralis and biopsy of muscle was done. Thiabendozole therapy was utilized for treatment with satisfactory evolution, except in one case that developed progressive and fatal neurologic damage.
Sera from Trichinella spiralis digestion-negative swine contained variable amounts of two immunoglobins that reacted with T spiralis antigen in the indirect enzyme-labeled antibody test for trichinosis. One of these immunoglobins, detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugate, was removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae. A second immunoglobin, detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine IgM, was not removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae and increased in amount with the age of the animal. These two immunoglobins varied independently in individual animals and showed some specificity for the antigen; ie, they did not merely reflect changes in total serum IgG or IgM. In contrast to IgG anti-T spiralis antibody from experimentally infected animals, neither of these immunoglobins could be detected in double-diffusion tests against the antigen or by counter immunoelectrophoresis. Either of these immunoglobins could interfere with the indirect test for T spiralis antibodies, depending upon whether anti-swine IgG or IgM conjugate is used. The factors which initiate synthesis and control serum concentrations of these immunoglobins are not known.
The aim of this work was to reveal the possible effect of the drug CSA treatment in experimental trichinosis on some important tissue enzymes; alklline and acid phosphatases, succinic dehydrogenase and alpha-esterase. This study revealed that the effect of the drug was apparently evident on succinic dehydrogenase enzyme which returns back to the control. The diminished acid phosphatase activity showed the effect of the drug on the T-cells.
Trichinosis is a parasitic infection affecting the gut and the muscles causing mild gastrointestinal symptoms followed by periorbital oedema, muscle pains, fever and eosinophilia. The infection evokes functional disturbances in physiological effector systems. Furthermore, several biochemical changes are associated with the infection. Therefore, this work was carried out to study the electrophysiological changes in intestine, striated and cardiac muscles by electromyography (EMG) and to assess the biochemical changes through measurement of serum cholinesterase and intestinal myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in both light and heavy infected experimental animals by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). Electrophysiological results showed increased contractility of the smooth muscle layers of the intestine only early in the infection, whereas both striated and cardiac muscles showed increase in the contractility with the progress of infection in both light and heavy infection. Significant myocardial dysfunction in the form of bradycardia, in addition to major histopathological changes in the heart occurred from the beginning of the infection and increased till the end of the study. Biochemical study showed gradual increase in serum cholinesterase, while, the intestinal MPO showed increase only in the early stage of the infection. It was noticed that all changes were more pronounced in the heavily infected group than the lightly infected one.
During the last few years, antiparasitic effects has been related to the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA). This work was planned to study the effect of this drug against different aspects of experimental trichinosis. The work included three experiments. The first experiment was to study the effect of (CsA) on infection when administered to mice at different durations i.e. post infection as well as before and on the same day of infection. It proved to be most effective when given on the same day of infection as evidenced by the significant reduction in adult count, length of female, larval count and index of reproductive capacity (RCI). However, the effect though still significant, diminished when the drug was given pre- and post-infection. The second experiment was to study the effect of (CsA) on infectivity of the T. spiralis larvae treated either in vivo or in vitro. The results showed that the drug has marked effect in that part of the study as shown by the reduction in all parameters of assessment. The third experiment demonstrated the challenge that followed (CsA) treated primary compared to that of non treated one. Results showed significant reduction in all values. These results evoke ideas for further designs of other treatment and control strategies for the disease.
Experimental trichinosis in immunocompetent verus immunosuppressed albino rats was studied over a period of two months. The immunosuppressed ones showed significant delay in expulsion of adult worms, significant increase in the yield of muscle larvae, lower IFA titres and delayed encystation of muscle larvae with mild cellular infiltration. Specific antigen deposits detected in the muscles and different tissues of the immunosuppressed rats indicated augmentation of circulating antigens. In both groups, the liver, kidney, lung, brain and testes showed nonspecific pathological changes but larvae were never detected in examined sections. Incidentally, on the 14th post-infection day, two immunocompetent rats were found pregnant, and near-full-term embryos showed more deposition of Trichinella antigens in most of their tissues indicating placental passage of circulating antigens. This study indicates that in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, possible exposure to T. spiralis infection will result in severe manifestations or complications.
A compilation of data from the cases which have occurred in Zacatecas during the period between 1976 and 1987 has been made. It describes the endemia and locates the problem in time, person and space. Because of their impact, magnitude and consequences the more important data of the outbreaks is presented. The first case of trichinosis diagnosed in Zacatecas was in 1975; since then there have been other outbreaks; four in 1978, with the highest mortality of 33 per cent which occurred in Laguna del Carretero a community of Villanueva. During the period between 1979-1988 there have been 17 more, among these a death occurred in Valparaiso and, in Pozo de Gamboa there was an abortion in a 20-year-old female patient. This infection has higher frequency in urban areas. The most affected group age is 15-44 years; in this group there have been 51 percent of the cases occurring in females in a proportion of 1:1.8. Seven of the 36 countries in the state of Zacatecas, such as Zacatecas, Villanueva, Valparaiso, Panuco, Jerez, Jalpa and Guadalupe, have reported cases; the countries are listed by frequency. The transmission in most of the cases was caused by ingestion of raw pork products, in a fen undercooked pork meat. The diagnosis was confirmed in sixty cases by the conservation of the parasite in muscle biopsy and oronyosistis which represent a 38 percent of the reported total cases. Six cases was confirmed by histologic sections and immunoelectrophoresis test.
Four cases of trichinosis found in a family living in Iztapalapa, Mexico, D.F. are reported. The family reported to frequently eat raw sausage originally from Villanueva, Zacatecas from which Trichinella spiralis larvae were isolated. Diagnosis was difficult in the first case since no epidemiological history was associated with the patient, besides the fact that the patient showed no signs of eosinophilia and blood tests were negative. The diagnosis in this case was confirmed through muscular biopsy. The predominating symptomatology consisted in the trilogy of fever, eyelid edema and myalgias.