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PubMed1990

[Pneumopericardium with combined emphysema of the skin and mediastinum following tooth extraction].

Emphysemas of the skin in the region of the cheek and face after surgical tooth extraction are relatively rare complications that can eventually lead to formation of an emphysema of the mediastinum and very rarely also to a pneumopericardium. The reason for this is often an instrumentally conditioned pressure increase in the oropharynx if this pressure increase leads to the entry of air into the wound region. There are also other mechanisms resulting in the formation of spontaneous mediastinal emphysema that can lead to a secondary emphysema. Possible reasons for the occurrence of a combined emphysema of the skin, the mediastinum and the pericardium are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levator nasolabialis muscle transposition to prevent an orosinus fistula after tooth extraction in horses.

The ventral part of the levator nasolabialis muscle was transposed to the alveolar defect after sinusotomy and tooth extraction in five normal horses and six horses with a tooth root abscess and sinusitis. In the normal horses at weeks 6, 10, 14 and 18, the transposed muscles remained viable and were incorporated into the recipient sites, and orosinus fistulae did not form. Histologically, there was a progressive transition from muscle to fibrous tissue. There was no facial deformity or loss of nasal function at the donor site. A localized abscess was associated with incomplete removal of tooth root fragments in one horse. After 1 year or more, five horses treated for dental disease had complete resolution of clinical signs. One horse continued to have intermittent mild nasal discharge.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of oroantral communications after tooth extraction. Is drainage into the nose necessary or not?

Seventy-six patients with oroantral communications after tooth extraction and chronic maxillary sinusitis were treated as follows: bacterial cultures were taken in all of them and maxillary sinuses were irrigated with an antibiotic from the cephalosporin group. Then, in 36 patients, drainage using the Caldwell Luc procedure was performed, including a naso-antral window. In all patients operations were completed by closing oroantral communications with flaps of the mucosa of the alveolar process close to the fistula. Antibiotics according to antibiogram were administered to all patients at least 10 days after surgery. Retrospective comparison between the results obtained in the first group and those in the second group 1, 3 and 6 months after operation was based on objective findings (condition of the oroantral communication, maxillary sinusitis), side effects (pain, numbness of the operated area, headache) and control radiographs (clear maxillary sinus or with mucosal thickening). The study suggests that transnasal drainage is not required in maxillary sinus surgery and in the closure of oroantral communications. Equally good results are achieved by treating with antibiotics and without drainage of the maxillary sinus into the nose.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1991

Reasons given for tooth extraction in Hong Kong.

Two hundred and seventy dentists, systematically selected from the membership lists of the Hong Kong Dental Association, were sent forms on which they were invited to record the reasons for tooth extraction in all patients aged 16 years and above over a period of five to six weeks. Third molars were excluded. Fifty-five per cent of the recording sheets dispatched were returned with usable data. Data were provided on 8516 extractions performed for 6331 patients. Overall caries was the reason given for 60 per cent of extractions; periodontal disease for 28 per cent; prosthetic indications for six per cent; trauma (which included tooth wear) for four per cent; and orthodontic and other reasons for two per cent. Extractions for periodontal reasons were more common in those aged 40 years and above, but periodontal disease did not exceed caries as a reason for extraction even in those aged 60 years and over. The tooth type most frequently extracted was the first molar. Mandibular incisors were the teeth most commonly extracted for periodontal reasons. In this community, which has benefited from water fluoridation since 1961, caries was the dominant reason given by dentists for tooth extractions in all age groups of the subjects studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Lethal complication of an odontogenic infection developing after tooth extraction in a patient with untreated diabetes. Case report].

The extraction of a tooth led to the acute exacerbation of existing chronic osteomyelitis then phlegmon, and sepsis as a result. Persisting coma developed after three reanimations of the patient, on account of septic shock. Finally, in more than two weeks following the extraction the patient died due to multiorgan failure. This case description wishes to call attention to the risks of complications of diabetes, to summarize the relevant documents of diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis and phlegmon and the data of mortality. Hopefully we offer some useful advice to the general dentist about patients with immunosuppressive diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Neutrophils in the molar tooth extraction wound in the rat: a transmission electron microscope (TEM) study.

Neutrophils have been ascribed a number of functions from ultrastructural studies of healing wounds. All of the wounds so far examined have been relatively aseptic. This study investigates, by TEM, the structure of neutrophils in healing molar tooth sockets in rats. Prior to epithelial coverage, a dense infiltrate of neutrophils separated the viable wound tissues from the overlying debris and bacteria. The more deeply situated neutrophils contained many granules and only occasional phagosomes. More superficial neutrophils contained fewer granules and phagosomes with engulfed bacteria undergoing lysis. The most superficial neutrophils were degenerate, lacked granules and often contained viable bacteria. There were varying numbers of neutrophils containing granules in the blood clot, granulation tissue, wound epithelium and adjacent tissue. No extracellular neutrophil granules nor extracellular discharge of granules was found. These findings differ from those of previous ultrastructural studies of relatively aseptic healing wounds. Ultrastructurally, the only function of neutrophils in healing tooth extraction wounds appears to be phagocytosis of bacteria, which supports a role in the prevention of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Dental anxiety, distress at induction and postoperative morbidity in children undergoing tooth extraction using general anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the prevalence of postoperative morbidity in children undergoing tooth extraction under chair dental general anaesthetic (CDGA) in relation to pre-operative dental anxiety and anaesthetic induction distress. DESIGN: A prospective national study. SETTING: Twenty-five Scottish DGA centres in 2001. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Four hundred and seven children (mean age 6.6 years; range: 2.3 to 14.8 years; 52% male). Before CDGA, the Modified Child Dental Anxiety (MCDAS) and Modified Dental Anxiety (MDAS) Scales were completed for children and accompanying adult respectively; the latter also returned a morbidity questionnaire 24 hours and one week post-operatively. Anaesthetic induction distress was scored immediately before CDGA induction using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS). RESULTS: The mean MCDAS score was 24.2 (population norm 18.2); 21% of adults were anxious. Forty-two per cent of children had induction distress; this related to their MCDAS scores (r=0.43, p<0.001, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient). Morbidity at 24 hours and seven days was 63% and 24% respectively; this related to MCDAS scores (r=0.15, p=0.029 and r=0.17, p=0.009, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient) and to induction distress (chi2=7.14, p=0.007 and chi2=11.70, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The majority of children suffered next day morbidity and many still had symptoms a week later. Most children were dentally anxious; this related to induction distress and postoperative morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Causes and pattern of tooth extraction in children treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

A study of 429 children age 0-15 years who attended the paedodontic clinic of the Department of preventive Dentistry for treatment from January 1995 to December 1995 with a view of assessing causes and pattern of tooth extraction was carried out. 51.52% of the children had extraction. Dental caries and its sequelae accounted for the highest indication for extraction (57.47%) while periodontal disease accounted for the least (0.45%). Deciduous teeth were mostly extracted with the deciduous molars being the teeth frequently extracted. The frequency of extractions shows that a challenging situation exists for those engaged in the organisation of dental health education and emphasis should be on prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[The comparative study of the ultra-light anaesthesia between N(2)O inhalation and propofol intravenous in tooth extraction]

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of N(2)O inhalation and propofol intravenous anaesthesia in tooth extraction. METHODS: 40 dental outpatients with the extraction of the mandibular wisdom tooth,ASAI,were randomly allocated to two groups:N(2)O group with the age of 20-36 years old and propofol group with the age of 21-35 years old.All cases undergoing dental extraction were given ultra-light anaesthesia as an adjunct local anaesthesia. RESULTS: The two groups were gained various levels of sedation,there were no significant difference among BP,HR,RR,SPO(2) before,in,and after the operation.Dental treatment could be carried out in cooperating conditin throughout the whole procedure.There was a certain extent of amnesia postoperation,the incidence of postoperative side effects was low,the recovery time was gained within 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: The analgesic effects of N(2)O group were superior to the propofol group.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Immediate restoration of single implants placed immediately after tooth extraction.

BACKGROUND: Some of the original surgical protocols for implant surgery have been reassessed to satisfy the patient's continuously increasing expectation for shorter rehabilitation time, improved esthetics, and increased comfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 12-month clinical success of 18 single-tooth implants inserted immediately after tooth extraction and restored the same day with non-functional loading. METHODS: A total of 18 patients (12 women and six men), 22 to 60 years old, were enrolled in this study. Eighteen single implants were inserted in fresh extraction sockets and immediately restored with temporary abutments and crowns. All experimental sites showed an absence of fenestrations or dehiscences of the bone walls and a residual gap between implant surfaces and surrounding bone walls < or =2 mm. All temporary prostheses were positioned the same day of surgery and were not in occlusal contact with opposing arches. The comparison between the baseline and 12-month visits was performed with the Student t test for paired data (statistically significant at a level of alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: During the 12-month follow-up period, one fixture was removed 4 weeks after implant placement following an abscess. All remaining implants healed uneventfully with no complications and were assessed as stable and successful at the 12-month checkup. No technical complications such as screw loosening, resin fracture, or pain during chewing were registered during the 12-month period. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the data from this study, it can be suggested that immediate placement and restoration of a single implant can be a valid and successful option of treatment in the case of single compromised teeth. Moreover, this treatment protocol eliminates the need for removable provisional restoration and seems to maintain the preexisting architecture of soft and hard tissues in most cases. Nonetheless, further prospective and long-term studies are required to obtain a better insight into the limitations of this protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A histometric study in rats of the effect of the calcium antagonist amlodipine on bone healing after tooth extraction.

The purpose was to investigate whether amlodipine, a second-generation calcium antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension and angina, interferes with healing of rat alveolar bone. A progressive increase in volume density of new bone filling the socket was quantified by a histometric differential point-counting method 7-42 days after tooth extraction. The results showed a 20-30% decrease in bone volume fraction in the alveolus of amlodipine-treated animals from 7 days on, in addition to a higher (7-35%) volume fraction of connective tissue and a tendency toward an increase in the volume fraction of persisting coagulum. If confirmed in humans, the knowledge of a deleterious effect of Ca-channel blockers in hindering alveolar bone healing would be important in planning oral operations involving bone tissue, including those for device implantation.

Amlodipine↗
PubMed2003

Forcing of the root into the maxillary sinus during tooth extraction--and what next?

In the everyday practice of a dental surgeon there may sometimes occur complications during tooth extraction. The anatomical vicinity of the alveolar recess of the maxillary sinus predisposes this area to the occurrence of complications in the form of joining of the oral cavity to the maxillary sinus. However, leaving an accidentally forced root in the maxillary sinus lumen may cause a chronic inflammatory state of the sinus or other complications; hence the vital importance of attempts to remove the root directly after its forcing. This work presents possibilities of root removal, directly after its forcing, through the postextraction dental alveolus or through access in the sinus side wall, similar to the procedure of sinus lifting.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Analgesic effect of fentiazac after tooth extraction or minor oral surgery.

A new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, fentiazac, was used for analgesia after tooth extractions and minor oral surgery in two Japanese dental hospitals. The drug was administered as a single oral dose of either 50 mg or 100 mg. The 50-mg dose provided rapid analgesic effect, but its effect lasted only two to three hours in a number of patients. At a dose of 100 mg, fentiazac proved effective for 85% of 53 patients, usually providing marked reduction of disappearance of pain within one hour or less. Among patients in whom pain reappeared, the mean time for recurrence was four hours, indicating a satisfactory duration of analgesic effect. One side effect--loss of appetite--was reported by one patient in the entire series of 71 subjects. It is concluded that fentiazac is a highly effective analgesic agent with a wide margin of safety for use after dental procedures that produce pain.

Acetates↗
PubMed1975

A biochemical study of aminopeptidases in the palatal mucosa of the rat following tooth extractions.

Aminopeptidase activities were studied biochemically from the supernatants of the homogenates prepared from the normal and post extraction palatal mucosa of the rat. The determinations were carried out at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days following extraction using N-L-aminoacyl-2-naphthylamines of arginine, glycine, leucine, proline and valine as the substrates. In addition, in the second part of the study the hydrolysis of N-L-aminoacyl-2-naphthylamines of alanine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine was tested at 1, 3 and 5 days following extraction. The effect of chloride ions (0.2 M NaCl) on the hydrolysis of arginine and lysine derivatives was also tested. The specific activities of aminopeptidases obtained from the extraction-wound side were compared to those of the control side at each time interval. Tooth extraction caused a considerable reduction in the specific activities of aminopeptidases in the surrounding palatal mucosa immediately after extraction (at 0.5 hr.). The specific activities in the wound tissue remained generally below the control levels for 24 hours and reached their maximum within 5 days following extractions. The highest relative increase was obtained with N-L-valyl-2-naphthylamine. Arginine aminopeptidase was activated by chloride ions on an average 20 per cent more in the wound tissue than the control. This effect can be considered suggestive of the activation of aminopeptidase B in the post extraction palatal mucosa.

Aminopeptidases↗