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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Anterolateral thigh flap in the treatment of postburn flexion contractures of the knee.

The use of the anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects around the knee among burn patients is described. The anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap was used for eight patients (all male; mean age, 45 years; age range, 32 to 60 years). Flexion contracture was observed for seven patients with unhealed wounds and one patient with a healed burn wound. The anterolateral thigh flap was used as a free flap for six patients and as a distally based island flap for two patients. The flaps ranged from 8 to 17 cm in width and from 12 to 30 cm in length. Seven flaps were based on a musculocutaneous perforator, and two of them were thinned before transfer to the defect. A true septocutaneous perforator was observed in only one case. The mean follow-up period was 12.5 months (range, 3 to 23 months). Only one flap exhibited distal superficial necrosis, which did not compromise the final result. All patients returned to ambulatory status in 15 to 22 days. Extensor splints were applied to prevent mobilization of the skin graft at the flap donor site for only 7 days. The anterolateral thigh flap has many advantages for the reconstruction of postburn flexion contracture of the knee, as follows: (1) very large thin flaps can be elevated, (2) the two-team approach is possible, (3) color and texture matches are good, (4) the donor-site scar can be easily hidden, and (5) the technique allows early mobilization and patients can return to normal daily activity in a short time. Free or distally based anterolateral thigh flaps are a good choice, both aesthetically and functionally, for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the knee region.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction of large external facial skin defects: a follow-up study on functional and aesthetic recipient- and donor-site outcome.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjective and the objective functional and aesthetic follow-up results of the recipient and donor sites after reconstruction of extensive facial defects with the anterolateral thigh flap. METHODS: Between December of 2001 and April of 2003, the anterolateral thigh flap was used to reconstruct large facial skin defects after malignant tumor resection in 23 white patients. All patients had a standardized interview, physical examination, and clinical photographs. RESULTS: The mean flap size was 108 cm2. Fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flaps were used in 15 patients and musculocutaneous flaps were used in eight patients with exposed dura, open sinuses, or orbital defects. An extra free osteocutaneous fibula flap was necessary to reconstruct the affected mandible in 10 patients. The donor site was skin grafted in 18 patients. The flap survival rate was 96 percent. At follow-up, color mismatch (71 percent) and flap bulkiness (50 percent) were encountered most often. Four of five patients with speech problems had received an additional free osteocutaneous fibula flap. Three flap contractures were seen in the neck region. A contour defect of the upper leg was encountered in five patients. Sensory disturbances of the upper leg were observed in 12 patients. Cold intolerance occurred three times after skin grafting. No significant impairment was found in range of motion and muscle strength of the donor leg. CONCLUSIONS: Careful patient selection may further improve aesthetic outcome of the anterolateral thigh flap. The versatility in design and composition of the anterolateral thigh flap and the low donor-site morbidity and satisfactory recipient-site outcome make it a valuable option in reconstruction of external skin defects in the head and neck region.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined endovascular and surgical repair of a large traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the thigh-a case report.

Thigh pseudoaneurysms are rare compared to pseudoaneurysms of the groin, and usually result from direct injury to an arterial branch. Direct open repair can be associated with a large volume blood loss. The authors describe a combined endovascular and surgical approach to a large, traumatic, pseudoaneurysm of the thigh. The patient was a 49-year-old man with a history of left femur fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation, who presented with a painfully swollen left thigh. Duplex ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan suggested a large (7.7 x 5.0 x 6.3 cm) pseudoaneurysm that appeared to be associated with a branch of the deep femoral artery. In the operating room, angiography was used to identify and selectively access the feeding artery. This artery was then successfully coil embolized, allowing surgical decompression of the thigh with minimal effort and blood loss. Endovascular and surgical therapy were complementary in successfully treating a large traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the thigh.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed2005

Experimental study to determine if low-pathogenicity and high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses can be present in chicken breast and thigh meat following intranasal virus inoculation.

Two low-pathogenicity (LP) and two high-pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza (AI) viruses were inoculated into chickens by the intranasal route to determine the presence of the AI virus in breast and thigh meat as well as any potential role that meat could fill as a transmission vehicle. The LPAI viruses caused localized virus infections in respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Virus was not detected in blood, bone marrow, or breast and thigh meat, and feeding breast and thigh meat from virus-infected birds did not transmit the virus. In contrast to the two LPAI viruses, A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 (H5N2) HPAI virus caused respiratory and GI tract infections with systemic spread, and virus was detected in blood, bone marrow, and breast and thigh meat. Feeding breast or thigh meat from HPAI (H5N2) virus-infected chickens to other chickens did not transmit the infection. However, A/lchicken/Korea/ES/2003 (H5N1) HPAI virus produced high titers of virus in the breast meat, and feeding breast meat from these infected chickens to other chickens resulted in Al virus infection and death. Usage of either recombinant fowlpox vaccine with H5 AI gene insert or inactivated Al whole-virus vaccines prevented HPAI virus in breast meat. These data indicate that the potential for LPAI virus appearing in meat of infected chickens is negligible, while the potential for having HPAI virus in meat from infected chickens is high, but proper usage of vaccines can prevent HPAI virus from being present in meat.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1996

Ankle and thigh skin surface temperature changes with repeated ice pack application.

OBJECTIVE: Most of the research on cold applications has been performed on nonexercising supine subjects during a single cold pack application. Most athletic injuries occur during exercise, which increases skin temperature. Exercise before ice application will also increase ankle skin temperature during the rewarming phase. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of activity on subsequent ice pack applications and rewarming using standard immediate care procedures. DESIGN AND SETTING: Three experimental conditions (20-, 30-, and 40-minute ice pack applications) were applied to 12 subjects in a repeated measures design. Subjects rode a bicycle ergometer for 15 minutes before ice application to the ankle and opposite thigh, and were active (walking with crutches, simulated showering and dressing) for 20 minutes following application. Subjects rested with the limb elevated for an additional 40 minutes. Ice packs were then reapplied for the appropriate time (20, 30, or 40 minutes) followed by 60 minutes of rest with the limb elevated. SUBJECTS: Twelve (8 males, 4 females) college-aged volunteers. Only subjects with good-to-high fitness levels were accepted for this study. MEASUREMENTS: Ankle skin, thigh skin, and atmospheric temperatures were measured every minute using an Isothermex (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). RESULTS: Thigh temperature changes during the first ice application were greater during the 30- and 40-minute conditions than the 20-minute condition. Ankle and thigh temperature changes during the first ice application and rewarming, and for the entire trial were greater during the 40-minute condition than the 20-or 30-minute conditions. Throughout the first ice application and rewarming, and the entire trial, thigh temperature changes were greater during the 30-minute condition than the 20-minute condition. CONCLUSIONS: During immediate care procedures following injury, ice packs should be reapplied immediately following showering, changing clothes, and returning home.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[The application of pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of perineal and inguinal defects].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a method for the reconstruction of defects of perineum and groin with pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flaps. METHODS: From July 2003 to February 2005, 12 pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap based on the perforators of lateral circumflex femoral artery had been designed and transferred to the defects of perineum and groin. RESULTS: Anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous island flaps were performed in twelve patients. The size of the transferred flap ranged from 8 cm x 11 cm to 18 cm x 20 cm. Only one patient developed superficial cutaneous necrosis in the posterior aspect of the flap because of fecal contamination and infection. The wounds healed secondarily. CONCLUSIONS: Despite variable vascular anatomy and technical difficulties in elevating the anterolateral thigh flap, the anterolateral thigh flap is a good choice for perineum and groin reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorometric determination of acid phosphatase in cooked, boneless, nonbreaded broiler breast and thigh meat.

This method is applicable for determining activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), a heat-labile enzyme, in cooked, boneless, nonbreaded broiler marinated (83.65% meat) and nonmarinated (100% meat) breast and thigh and in a 50:50 blend of breast and thigh meat. The assay uses a self-indicating substrate that, when acted upon by ACP, loses a phosphate radical and becomes a highly fluorescent compound. Cooked meat is added to deionized distilled water in a 1:3 ratio, blended with a hand-held homogenizer, and then centrifuged at 2500 relative centrifugal force for 5 min. ACP activity in the filtrate is measured after shaking on a Vortex mixer 75 microL of the extract with a pH 5.00 acetate buffer containing a nonfluorescent aromatic monophosphoric ester substrate. The rate of fluorophore formation is monitored during a 3 min incubation period (38 degrees C) in a fluorometer, and ACP enzyme activity (mU/kg sample) is calculated. Three laboratories analyzed 6 cooked poultry products (marinated and nonmarinated breast, thigh, and 50:50 breast/thigh blend). Five cooking temperatures were used to generate different ACP activity levels, which were replicated twice with duplicate samples and duplicate sample tests representing 720 data points. Log10 ACP activity (mU/kg sample) performance repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations (sr and sR) and relative standard deviations (RSDr and RSDR) over 5 cooking treatments for 6 products were as follows: marinated breast: sr = 0.02, sR = 0.08, RSDr = 0.60%, RSDR = 2.12%; nonmarinated breast: sr = 0.02, sR = 0.04, RSDr = 0.66%, RSDR = 1.29%; marinated thigh: sr = 0.01, = 0.01, RSDr = 0.37%, RSDR = 0.37%; nonmarinated thigh: sr = 0.02, sR = 0.05, RSDr = 0.53%, RSDR = 1.43%; marinated 50:50 breast/thigh blend: sr = 0.01, sR = 0.05, RSDr = 0.36%, RSDR = 1.31%; nonmarinated 50:50 breast/thigh blend: sr = 0.01, sR = 0.04, RSDr = 0.32%, RSDR = 1.12%.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Correlation of Doppler-derived high thigh pressure and intra-arterial pressure in the assessment of aorto-iliac occlusive disease.

Ninety-five lower extremities in 53 patients underwent iliofemoral arteriography, high thigh wide cuff Doppler pressure measurements and direct intra-arterial pressure measurements at the common femoral level to determine the accuracy of the high thigh Doppler technique in the evaluation of aorto-iliac occlusive disease using the intra-arterial pressure as the standard. Results showed the high thigh cuff Doppler technique to be 79 per cent sensitive, 56 per cent specific and 63 per cent accurate in the evaluation of haemodynamically significant aorto-iliac disease. There was a false negative rate of 13 per cent, but a false positive rate of 59 per cent. All false positive tests were shown to be secondary to superficial femoral artery disease. These results indicate that a normal high thigh wide cuff Doppler pressure is generally reliable in ruling out haemodynamically significant aorto-iliac, occlusive disease at rest. An abnormal result, however, does not differentiate between aorto-iliac and superficial femoral artery disease.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed2004

Individualized growth assessment of fetal soft tissue using fractional thigh volume.

OBJECTIVES: The main goals of this study were to introduce fractional thigh volume (TVol) as a new soft tissue parameter for fetal growth evaluation, define its relationship to menstrual age, and develop individualized fetal growth standards based on Rossavik growth models. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal study of 22 fetuses was conducted with conventional biometry and TVol measurements by three-dimensional ultrasonography. Infant growth outcomes were determined from modified neonatal growth assessment scores. Rossavik functions (P = c(t)k+s(t)) were used to fit complete datasets to examine relationships between TVol and model coefficients. Second-trimester models were subsequently specified from the linear slopes of growth curves before 28.0 menstrual weeks with each fetus acting as its own control. Third-trimester trajectories and birth measurements were predicted for standard growth parameters and TVol. Observed and predicted measurements were compared using percent deviations and growth potential realization index values. Four additional infants, with serial prenatal scans and postnatal evidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), were also evaluated. RESULTS: All 22 fetuses had no evidence of growth abnormalities after delivery. Accelerated soft tissue deposition occurred in the fetal thigh by 28 menstrual weeks. A mean TVol start point of 9.0 +/- 1.4 menstrual weeks was consistent with embryological studies of thigh development. Rossavik functions fitted all TVol trajectories well (mean R2 = 0.998 +/- 0.002). By fixing the coefficient k at its mean value (2.976), the fit did not change and the variabilities of coefficients c and s were reduced. The mean percent deviation between observed and predicted third-trimester TVol measurements was -0.048 +/- 7.5%. Relatively early pathological deviations were observed for TVol in all four fetuses with IUGR; in these cases the abdominal circumference was abnormal in only one fetus and thigh circumference in none. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized growth assessment can be used to accurately predict TVol during the third trimester of pregnancy and at birth. Expected growth trajectories, from second-trimester data, do not rely on population-based standards because each fetus serves as its own control. This new parameter may allow earlier detection and improved monitoring of fetal soft tissue abnormalities such as IUGR.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Pudendal thigh fasciocutaneous flaps for vaginal reconstruction in gynecologic oncology.

The pudendal thigh is a sensate fasciocutaneous flap supplied by the posterior labial artery. We report on the results of pudendal thigh flaps used for vaginal reconstruction in eight patients at the time of pelvic exenteration (6) and radical vaginectomy (2). Patients were interviewed and results were assessed 5 to 19 months after surgery. The flaps were raised in the thigh creases just lateral to the hair bearing area of the labia majora and included skin, subcutaneous tissues, deep fascia of the thigh, and the epimysium of the adductor muscles. Flap sizes varied from 9 x 4 cm to 15 x 6 cm. Bilateral flaps were used in seven patients. The flaps were technically easy to perform. Partial (apical) flap necrosis occurred in four patients. One patient developed complete necrosis of bilateral flaps, followed by an enterovaginal fistula. One patient whose flaps did not necrose developed a rectovaginal fistula at the site of rectal reanastomosis. The functional results are disappointing. The only patient having successful vaginal intercourse had a unilateral flap reconstruction following lower vaginectomy in a nonirradiated pelvis. No patient with bilateral flaps or prior pelvic irradiation has had successful coitus. Other long-term sequelae include vulvar pain (2), chronic vaginal discharge (2), hair growth (4), and protrusion of the flaps (2). These vulvovaginal symptoms discourage patients and their partners from genital contact. Breaching the integrity of the vulva to construct a neovagina that is likely to be unsuitable for sexual intercourse may deprive women of their only potential for normal genital sexual responsiveness. Techniques of vaginoplasty require continued assessment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The saddle lift for tight thighs.

Efforts to tighten the lateral thigh skin and subcutaneous tissue after liposuction may result in conspicuous scars on the hips, groin crease, or medial thighs. We have developed a technique that enables the excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue, measuring about 20 x 10 cm2, from the inner thigh and central buttocks crease where the scar can be completely hidden. We present a patient who, after appropriate liposuction, had a nearly perfect silhouette but who continually complained about the looseness of the skin on her lateral and posterior hips. The patient suggested that we remove the skin and subcutaneous tissue from the middle portion. We did so and the results were surprisingly good. We recommend this procedure for those patients in whom no external scar is acceptable and who require tightening of the skin of the upper thighs and buttocks.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anterior periosteal dermal suspension with suction curettage for lateral thigh lipectomy.

The standard excisional approach to lipectomy has now been expanded by the use of suction curettage either as an adjunct or a primary procedure. In severe cases of steatomeria (a term used to designate trochanteric obesity and eliminate the misuse of the term lipodystrophy), curettage serves to prepare and shape the flaps, while excision and "periosteal dermal suspension" are sometimes necessary to achieve adequate contour and lift. Periosteal anchoring ensures adequate permanent suspension and a tension-free closure. Achievement of lateral thigh contouring by an anterior approach is facilitated by the use of the suction curette. Undermining of the superior flap and contouring with suction, as well as overlapping the closure with buried dermal-fat suspension flaps, eliminates bulging above or below the incision. Periosteal dermal suspension decreases the possibility of scar widening and eventual ptosis, provides a fixation technique that permits more lift, and eliminates scarring from the lateral thigh. Lateral thigh suction lipectomy with periosteal dermal suspension has been done alone or in conjunction with buttock reduction or with medial thigh or abdominal lipectomy in 14 patients. The operating time was short, and the results were good with minimal morbidity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Analysis and decomposition of accelerometric signals of trunk and thigh obtained during the sit-to-stand movement.

Piezoresistive accelerometer signals are frequently used in movement analysis. However, their use and interpretation are complicated by the fact that the signal is composed of different acceleration components. The aim of the study was to obtain insight into the components of accelerometer signals from the trunk and thigh segments during four different sit-to-stand (STS) movements (self-selected, slow, fast and fullflexion). Nine subjects performed at least six trials of each type of STS movement. Accelerometer signals from the trunk and thigh in the sagittal direction were decomposed using kinematic data obtained from an opto-electronic device. Each acceleration signal was decomposed into gravitational and inertial components, and the inertial component of the trunk was subsequently decomposed into rotational and translational components. The accelerometer signals could be reliably reconstructed: mean normalised root mean square (RMS) trunk: 6.5% (range 3-12%), mean RMS thigh: 3% (range 2-5%). The accelerometric signals were highly characteristic and repeatable. The influence of the inertial component was significant, especially on the timing of the specific event of maximum trunk flexion in the accelerometer signal. The effect of inertia was larger in the trunk signal than in the thigh signal and increased with higher speeds. The study provides insight into the acceleration signal, its components and the influence of the type of STS movement and supports its use in STS movement analysis.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2006

Conservative treatment of an acute compartment syndrome of the thigh.

Compartment syndromes of the thigh after blunt trauma without any fracture are rare. Most surgeons recommend operative treatment. There are different rules for compartment syndromes of the thigh in young athletes after blunt trauma compared to compartment syndromes at other locations [(1) the large volume of the quadriceps muscle, (2) its relatively elastic fascia, (3) the direct proximal contact to the hip muscles which allows extravasation of fluid out of the compartment)]. We present a case of conservative treatment of elevated intra-compartmental pressure (ICP) of the anterior thigh after blunt trauma and the follow-up until return to sport. Conservative treatment of a compartment syndrome of the thigh after blunt trauma in a young patient without fracture or vascular damage was successful without short-term sequelae. Recovery of muscle strength is delayed but return to sport is possible. Depending on the severity the diagnosis and follow-up with ICP measurements and MRI is necessary. There is a very good chance for excellent outcome without any risk of surgery. However, a long healing time is possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between the curvature constant parameter of the power-duration curve and muscle cross-sectional area of the thigh for cycle ergometry in humans.

For high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise, the relationship between power output ( P) and its tolerable duration ( t) has been well characterized by the hyperbolic relationship: ( P- theta;(F)). t=W', where theta;(F) has been termed the "critical power" or "fatigue threshold". The curvature constant (W') reflects a constant amount of work which can be performed above theta;(F), and it may be regarded as a muscle energy store. The relationship of this energy store to muscle mass is not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among W', accumulated peak oxygen deficit (accumulated peak O(2)-deficit), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the thigh for high-intensity cycle ergometry in humans. A group of 17 healthy male subjects (aged 21-41 years) participated in this study. The theta;(F) and W' of the P- t hyperbolic relationship and the accumulated peak O(2)-deficit was calculated by standard procedures. The CSA of muscle, fat and bone in the right thigh were measured using ultrasonography. The mean (SD) of theta;(F), W', accumulated peak O(2)-deficit, and muscle CSA of the thigh were 200.0 (17.8) W, 12.60 (2.94) kJ, 2.29 (0.41) l, and 185.3 (22.6) cm(2), respectively. The muscle CSA of the thigh was positively correlated with W' ( r=0.59, P<0.01) and with accumulated peak O(2)-deficit ( r=0.54, P<0.05). The relationship between W' and accumulated peak O(2)-deficit also showed a positive correlation ( r=0.63, P<0.005). Our results indicated that W' derived from the P- t hyperbolic curve as anaerobic working capacity is related to the CSA of muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Selective training-induced thigh muscles hypertrophy in professional road cyclists.

Muscular adaptations linked to a high volume and intensity of training have been scarcely reported. We aimed at documenting, using MRI, the cross-sectional area changes associated with a high volume and intensity of training in 11 thigh muscles of a population of professional road cyclists as compared with sport science students. We were also interested in determining, whether selective muscle hypertrophy in professional road cyclists, if any, was correlated to selective exercise-induced T (2) changes during a pedaling exercise on a cycloergometer. Cross-sectional area of 11 thigh muscles was quantified in sixteen subjects (i.e. eight professional road cyclists and eight sport science students) using MRI. In addition, transverse relaxation times (T (2)) were measured before and just after a maximal standardized constant-load exercise in order to investigate exercise-related T (2) changes in these muscles. Professional road cyclists had a significantly higher relative amount of muscle (including the whole set of thigh muscles, 90.5+/-3.3%) as compared to controls (81.6+/-7.3%). Regarding relative values expressed with respect to the total thigh muscles CSA, Vastus lateralis and Biceps femoris CSA were significantly larger in cyclists whereas CSA of the Vastus intermedius was smaller. However, this selective hypertrophy was not correlated to the exercise-induced T (2)-increase. We have reported, for the first time, a selective hypertrophy of Vastus lateralis and Biceps femoris in professional road cyclists confirming their involvement in pedaling task and suggesting a possible cause-effect relationship between muscle activation and hypertrophy, associated with a specific pedaling skill.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cardiac, arterial and venous adaptation to weightlessness during 6-month MIR spaceflights with and without thigh cuffs (bracelets).

The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of thigh cuffs (bracelets) on cardiovascular adaptation and deconditioning in 0 g. The cardiovascular parameters of six cosmonauts were measured by echocardiography, Doppler, and plethysmography, during three 6-month MIR spaceflights. Measurements were made at rest during preflight (-30 days), inflight (1, 3-4, and 5-5.5 months) without cuffs (morning) and after 5 h with cuffs, and during postflight (+3 and +7 days). Lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) measurements were performed 1 day after each resting session. Inflight values of left ventricle end-diastolic volume and stroke volume measured without the thigh cuffs (-8 to -24% and -10 to -16%, respectively, both P < 0.05) were lower than corresponding preflight values. The jugular and femoral vein cross-sectional areas (Ajv and Afv, respectively) were enlarged (Ajv: by 23-30%, P < 0.001; Afv: by 33-70% P < 0.01). The renal and femoral vascular resistances (Rra and Rfa, respectively) decreased (Rra: by -15 to -16%, P < 0.01; Rfa: by -5 to -11%, P < 0.01). Inflight, the thigh cuffs reduced the Ajv (by -12 to -20%, P < 0.02), but enlarged the Afv (Afv: by 9-20%, P < 0.02) and increased the vascular resistance (Rra: by 8-13%, P < 0.05; Rfa: by 10-16%, P < 0.01) compared to corresponding inflight, without-cuffs values. During LBNP (-45 mmHg, where 1 mmHg = 133.3 N/ m2), Rfa and the ratio between cerebral and femoral blood flow (Qca/Qfa) increased less inflight and postflight (+25% for Rfa and +30% for Qca/Qfa) than during preflight (60% for Rfa and 75% for Qca/Qfa, P < 0.01). This reduced vasoconstrictive response and less efficient flow redistribution toward the brain was associated with orthostatic intolerance during postflight stand tests in all of the cosmonauts. The calf circumference increased less inflight and postflight (6% P < 0.05) than preflight (9% P < 0.05). The vascular response to LBNP remained similarly altered throughout the flight. The thigh cuffs compensated partially for the cardiovascular changes induced by exposure to 0 g, but did not interfere with 0 g deconditioning.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Thigh abscess. An uncommon presentation of intraabdominal sepsis.

Abscesses of the thigh are rare and, although easily diagnosed, their cause is often obscure. We present two cases of thigh abscesses which resulted from the extension of intraabdominal sepsis. A review of the literature reveals only 46 previously reported cases. The underlying pathologic abnormality is usually a retroperitoneal perforation of a colorectal neoplasm or diverticular disease, whereas origin from the small bowel or appendix is distinctly less common. Routes of extension of infection into the thigh can be either direct, through the subcutaneous tissues, or through naturally occurring defects in the abdominal wall. These include: (1) along the psoas muscle deep to the inguinal ligament; (2) through the femoral canal; (3) by way of the obturator foramen; and (4) through the sacrosciatic notch. The two cases presented are unusual in that they both followed radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection, which opens up these natural avenues to the spread of intraabdominal infection. The overall mortality in the literature is high (53 percent), but recognition of an abdominal source and appropriate treatment combined with local drainage of the thigh abscess appears to improve survival.

Abscess↗