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PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic value of thermography and Tc 99m bleomycin scintigraphy for nodules of the thyroid (author's transl)].

The combined interest of thermography and 99mTc Bleomycin scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of a cold thyroid nodule was evaluated in 86 patients. In all cases a histological examination was performed. Of the 30 malignant nodules (clinically suspect and solitary nodules) 21 (70%) showed concentrations of 99mTc Bleomycin while only 7 of the 12 solitary malignant nodules did so. Among the 54 benign nodules the false positive rate was 54%. Thermography was positive in 26 (87%) of the 30 malignant nodules and in only 8 (67%) of the 12 solitary malignant nodules. For the 54 benign nodules the false positive rate was 72%. The combined results of the study do not provide any improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Thus it can be said that applications of 99mTc Bleomycin and thermography in the diagnosis of solitary hypofixiant nodules are of limited value.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1980

[Plate thermography in post-operative monitoring (author's transl)].

The authors report the data obtained from plate thermography--a technique based on the liquid crystal principle--in more than 200 patients with arteritis. More specifically, the study compares the results of arteriography, Doppler effect velocimetry and plate thermography before and after surgery in two groups of patients with similar conditions (20 cases of aorto-bifemoral prosthesis and 10 cases of lumbar sympathectomy). The results were comparable in both groups, as well as in most of the 200 patients operated upon in the same unit for various arterial diseases of the lower limb. Plate thermography is easy to perform and constitutes a reliable method for monitoring peripheral blood circulation after surgery.

Aorta↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of tissue viability by thermography after experimentally produced frostbite of the rabbit ear.

Since it is difficult and time-consuming to monitor the formation of a demarcation line in frostbite by visual inspection only, thermography was used to study experimental freezing injuries of the rabbit ear. In 8 rabbits, anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride, frostbite was induced by pressing the bottom of a glass bottle 2 cm in diameter, filled with liquid nitrogen against the shaved ear skin. Thermography was performed on both ears after 2, 24, and 48 hours, and one and 3 weeks. At 2 to 48 hours the frost-bitten area was clearly warmer than the surroundings, after one week there were ill-defined diffuse cold spots in the injured area, and after 3 weeks a cold area had become clearly demarcated with a warm zone between the cold area and the surroundings. Thermography is an easy, noninvasive method for monitoring thermal changes after experimental frostbite, but its clinical value is as yet unresolved.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermography in breast cancer screening: progress and prospects.

The use of thermography in breast cancer detection is reviewed. Although advantageous in its total lack of radiation exposure to the patient, thermography has limitations in that significant false-positive and false-negative cancer detection rates have been demonstrated. The potential use of thermography in evaluation of the pathogenesis of breast cancer and in identifying women at high risk is discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[The place of plate thermography in the diagnosis of breast cancer (author's transl)].

A report is presented of 319 unselected patients investigated by the method of plate thermography according to Tricoire, which is a comparatively new method in the diagnosis of breast cancer. 281 cases were additionally examined by mammography and those cases in whom malignancy was suspected underwent further cytological and histological investigation. The results of plate thermography and mammography are compared. The high degree of diagnostic accuracy achieved in the present series of cases by the use of plate thermography indicates that this procedure is not only a valable adjunct in the diagnosis of breast cancer but, moreover, seems to be recommendable as a screening method.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Thermography. A noninvasive method for diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis.

Thermography is a simple, rapid, and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). A comparative study between thermography and conventional phlebography has been performed in 121 legs. The thermographic criteria for diagnosis of DVT are described; posterior views were found to be advantageous in interpretation. The diagnostic agreement between the two methods was 90.1%. The localization diagnosis was somewhat less correct. The thermographic method is a reliable alternative in the diagnosis of acute DVT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Thermography. Its relation to pathologic characteristics, vascularity, proliferation rate, and survival of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

BACKGROUND: The reason for the thermal abnormality associated with some breast cancers is unclear. We previously reported that a thermographic abnormality is associated with tumor size and lymph node involvement. Despite this association, we were unable to demonstrate an independent association between an abnormal thermogram and survival. METHODS: To expand our previous findings, we assessed patients undergoing liquid crystal (contact) thermography (LCT) to identify a basis for the thermal abnormality and its relationship to survival. We assessed 420 women with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) followed for a mean of 6.2 years. In a consecutive series of 181 patients from the overall group, vascularity was assessed using a Doppler ultrasound (US) and microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistochemical staining with Factor VIII-related antigen. The tumor proliferation rate was measured immunohistochemically using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: An abnormal thermogram was found in 18.6% of patients with IDC. A significant association was demonstrated between an abnormal LCT and age, stage, lymph nodal status, size, grade, and estrogen receptor status. We found no association between a LCT abnormality and MVD or proliferation rate. There was a significant relationship with US-demonstrated vascularity. In multivariate analysis, we found that LCT abnormality was not an independent prognostic variable for either overall or disease free survival. CONCLUSIONS: An abnormal thermogram is associated with large tumor size, high grade, and lymph node positivity but not proliferation rate or MVD. It also may be associated with relatively large regional vessels that can be identified by US. However, thermography is not an independent prognostic indicator.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Breast thermography and cancer risk prediction.

Thermography makes a significant contribution to the evaluation of patients suspected of having breast cancer. The obviously abnormal thermogram carries with it a high risk of cancer. This report summarizes the results of patients with questionable or stage Th III thermograms. From approximately 58,000 patients, most of whom had breast complaints, examined between August 1965 and June 1977, the conditions or a group of 1,245 women were diagnosed at initial examination as either normal or benign disease by conventional means, including physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration or biopsy, when indicated, but nevertheless categorized as stage Th III indicating a questionable thermal anomaly. Within five years, more than a third of the group had histologically confirmed cancers. The more rapidly growing lesions with shorter doubling times usually show progressive thermographic abnormalities consistent with the increased metabolic heat production associated with such cancers. Thermography is useful not only as a predictor of risk factor for cancer but also to assess the more rapidly growing neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Thermography and ultrasound in detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.

Although thermography has not proven to be of significant value in detecting early breast cancer as used in the National Breast Cancer Detection Program, it can represent a high risk indicator and can be useful in combination with other factors in reducing the number of women who should receive routine mammograms for screening purposes. In breast cancer patients, thermography has been shown to have prognostic value. "Cold" breast cancers have an increased survival as compared to those with increased infrared emission in some series. The use of diagnostic ultrasound to date has been generally limited to evaluation of breast cancer or masses found by either palpation or mammography. Recent improvements in technology with the use of multiple transducers, higher frequencies, through-transmission techniques, and computerization have resulted in finding lesions greater than one centimeter in diameter. Lesions below this size and small calcifications have not so far been generally demonstrated successfully because of the limitation of ultrasound resolution.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Thermography in breast diagnosis.

The role of two types of thermography in the diagnosis of breast disease was studied in 502 women seen over a two-year period. Thirteen cancers were diagnosed in eleven women. The most significant finding was the large number of equivocal or abnormal thermograms in women with normal breasts of benign disease, while in patients with proven cancer, the thermogram was abnormal in less than half. Clinical diagnosis of breast cancer was not enhanced by either or both types of thermogram. Despite specific criteria, thermographic interpretation was inconsistent except in the thermograms reported as "normal." On the basis of the findings, the authors could not recommend that an abnormal thermogram be used as an indication for mammography, since this would result in an inordinate number of these studies, particularly in young women. The findings suggest that thermography is not a sufficiently precise modality for use in routine breast diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Thermography in the follow-up of breast cancer patients after breast-conserving treatment by tumorectomy and radiation therapy.

It is often suggested in the literature that thermography is able to diagnose a recurrence in the breast after breast-conserving therapy by a rise in breast temperature much earlier than other diagnostic tools, but no thermographic values are presented. The thermographic data of a prospective study of 309 women after breast-conserving therapy were evaluated. Seventeen of these women had an intramammary recurrence. A total of 2432 individual measured values were evaluated from 292 patients without evidence of a recurrence and 146 measured values from 17 patients with intramammary recurrence. The thermographic behavior of the breast after breast-conserving therapy is not uniform. However, the breast temperatures of the patients with intramammary recurrences were not significantly different from those without recurrences. This means that thermography is of no value in the care after breast-conserving therapy.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1990

Use of thermography in the differential diagnosis of phylloides tumour.

Thermography can be used as a method of diagnosing breast masses. We report our results of its use in the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma from phylloides tumours (n = 47 and 20 respectively). Thermographic resolution (Th) and the difference in temperature between the tumour and a similar zone in the contralateral breast (delta 2) were compared. Thermograms were class Th1 (with a similar thermal pattern in both breasts without hypervascularization or hot points) and Th2 (with hypervascularization or a hot area with a thermal difference with the same area in the opposite breast (delta 2) of less than 2 degrees C) in most (95.7 per cent) of the patients with fibroadenoma and were class Th5 (having one or more pathological sign) in 85 per cent of the patients with phylloides tumours. Patients with phylloides tumours had a mean delta 2 of 2.99 degrees C whereas most of the patients with a fibroadenoma showed no difference in temperature. Their mean delta 2 was 0.2 degrees C (P less than 0.0005). We conclude that thermography helps in differential diagnosis between a fibroadenoma and a phylloides tumour.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed2003

Thermography basket catheter: in vivo measurement of the temperature of atherosclerotic plaques for detection of vulnerable plaques.

We have developed an intravascular thermography basket catheter to measure the temperature of the vessel wall to locate foci of inflammation. Our 3 Fr thermography basket catheter is a thermocouple-based catheter made of a nitinol expandable and externally controllable basket system loaded with nine small and flexible built-in thermosensors. It is equipped with real-time data acquisition software with a thermal resolution of 0.0001 degrees C and a sampling rate of 20 readings per second. In 10 inbred cholesterol-fed dogs with femoral (but not carotid) atherosclerosis, we found foci of warmth on the surface of atherosclerotic but not disease-free regions (P < 0.05). Marked temperature heterogeneity was also observed in the aortas of atherosclerotic Watanabe rabbits but not in normal rabbits. The catheters showed satisfactory accuracy, reproducibility, and safety. If confirmed in further studies, it has the potential to be utilized in detection of vulnerable plaques.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Breast thermography as a screening technique. An evaluation of performance data.

The concepts of relative operating characteristics (ROC-curves) and detectability index (d') are introduced for the purpose of evaluating performance in breast thermography. In assessing published information on the subject we have found that much of it is anecdotal and lacks sufficient data to determine performance. We have also found that for those published findings which had sufficient data it was possible to reconcile conflicting conclusions as to the efficacy of thermography, and that performance could be quantitated with the use of the detectability index. Conclusions for optimizing available clinical thermographic techniques are given together with ways for future improvement.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Preoperative diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration in the management of breast lesions: comparison of specificity and sensitivity with clinical examination, mammography, echography, and thermography in 249 patients.

Two hundred and forty-nine women suffering from breast problems underwent a complete series of tests including clinical examination, mammography, echography, thermography, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Ninety-four of these patients were shown to be positive or to have suspected malignancy. Accordingly, they underwent surgical excision followed by histologic examination, while the remaining patients were re-examined after 12 to 18 mo in order to exclude false negatives. The analysis of specificity and sensitivity of every single procedure showed that FNA describes the best degree of sensitivity and specificity but no procedure allows, by itself, the detection of all carcinomas. When considered in combination, clinical examination, mammography, and fine-needle aspiration have a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 49%, and are the best diagnostic tests for a correct assessment of mammary lesions. Thermography and echography showed a low degree of sensitivity and should not be included in the routine diagnostic procedure of breast lesions.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of scrotal scintigraphy and thermography for the diagnosis of varicocele.

Varicocele is the most frequent cause of male subfertility. Several invasive and noninvasive techniques can be used to visualize scrotal phlebectasies. In this study sequential scintigraphy after intravenous injection of 99mTc-albumin was compared with tele-thermography. The normal and pathological images are described. The more obvious the clinical condition, the more lesions were revealed by scintigraphy (29.6% in subfertile men suspected of having variococele; 76.9% in patients with first degree varicocele; and 100% in Grades II and III cases). In 55 cases (of a total of 76 cases explored by radioisotopic techniques), the comparison of the thermographic results with the scintigraphy results suggests that scrotal scintigraphy is less sensitive. However, there are more false positive thermographies expressed as a discordance with clinical examination, which indicates higher specificity of scintigraphy. In conclusion scrotal scintigraphy cannot be considered as the screening procedure of first choice for varicocele, but it can give complementary information, especially when thermographic results are at variance with the clinical examination.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1985

Thermography in low back pain and sciatica.

This investigation proved that thermography is a reliable method of examination. When the difference of temperature in the legs reached 1 degree C or more, there was a correlation between clinical sciatica and the thermographic registration in 51 of 52 patients. As regards diagnosing the level, thermography is unreliable for distinguishing an L4/L5 syndrome from an S1 syndrome. In this investigation it was possible to correlate colder zones and the clinical syndrome in most patients. However, there is a large overlap between the dermatomes. When following up the results of autotraction no certain conclusions can be drawn, but among the patients with sciatica the decrease in temperature was greater in the group who clinically recovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Breast contact thermography for differentiation between premature thelarche and true precocious puberty.

Breast contact thermography was used to differentiate between premature thelarche and true precocious puberty. The technique was applied to 10 girls with premature thelarche, 12 with precocious puberty and 105 controls (Tanner B1-5). In controls, the scores attributed to the maturative thermographic signs correlated with breast development stages. In premature thelarche thermographic signs of vascularization were always absent, while in precocious puberty they were always observed, although in some cases unilaterally. The thermographic index (higher total score between the two breasts) ranged from 0 to 3 in girls with premature thelarche and from 4 to 10 in girls with precocious puberty. The thermographic pattern in premature thelarche was similar to that in prepubertal girls and did not progress in two girls who were repeatedly examined. We emphasize the useful role of contact thermography in evaluating pubertal breast development and in differentiating between premature thelarche and true precocious puberty.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗