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Results for “Sustainable Development”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Developing sustainable studies on environmental health.

Toxicogenetics, toxicogenomics and proteomics are providing new biomarkers for use in human studies. These, coupled with the more traditional biological responses currently in use, provide a vast armamentarium for assessing exposures, effects and susceptibility factors relating to environmental pollutants. Biomarker availability, however, does not automatically translate to usefulness for studies directed at human health improvement. Transitional studies bridging the gap between laboratory and field, with the biomarker as dependent variable, are required for validation for intended applications. Prospective or cross-sectional studies are usually optimal for validating biomarkers of exposure, where the biomarker response follows the event (exposure) and the entire study population is affected. Biomarkers of effect, where the event (outcome) follows the biomarker response and may be infrequent in the study population, present more complex problems. Identification of genotypes as susceptibility factors requires that additional issues be addressed. Despite these difficulties, new data are emerging from transitional investigations that are providing validated biomarkers for sustainable human studies. It is now possible to envision schemes for integrating the results of molecular epidemiological investigations into the general toxicological evaluations of environmental agents. These will allow intermediate endpoints to be used for making realistic human health assessments and for elucidating pathogenic mechanisms that identify targets for intervention, all with the goal of preventing environmentally mediated human disease. Finally, select biomarker responses that predict the likelihood of disease occurrence will find application in the interpretation of individual medical diagnostic tests, with the goal of improving cancer detection and management.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prospects for public participation on nuclear risks and policy options: innovations in governance practices for sustainable development in the European Union.

We outline the potential participative governance and risk management in application to technological choices in the nuclear sector within the European Union (EU). Well-conducted public participation, stakeholder consultation and deliberation procedures can enhance the policy process and improve the robustness of strategies dealing with high-stakes investment and risk management challenges. Key nuclear issues now confronting EU member states are: public concern with large-scale environmental and health issues; the Chernobyl accident (and others less catastrophic) whose effect has been to erode public confidence and trust in the nuclear sector; the maturity of the nuclear plant, hence the emerging prominence of waste transportation, reprocessing and disposal issues as part of historical liability within the EU; the nuclear energy heritage of central and eastern European candidate countries to EU accession. The obligatory management of inherited technological risks and uncertainties on large temporal and geographical scales, is a novel feature of technology assessment and governance. Progress in the nuclear sector will aid the development of methodologies for technological foresight and risk governance in fields other than the nuclear alone.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1999

[Implementation of an individualized program of sustained development in neonatal intensive care: why, how?].

The Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) is based upon a behavioral observation of the premature newborn. The information is used for suggesting individualized caregiving and environmental changes. The role of the parents in supporting the development is reinforced. This program appears to reduce ventilation, artificial feeding and hospitalization stay length, and is also found to improve neurobehavioral maturation. Its setting in a neonatal intensive care unit implies a collective reflective process and staff education.

Child Development↗
PubMed2000

Occupational and environmental medicine: sustainable development?

Occupational medicine is evolving to meet the needs of the 21st century. There is a need to define the remit of occupational and environmental medicine in order to facilitate the development and maintenance of requisite competencies, the establishment of educational goals for practitioners and production of a professional product for the global market place. The delivery of occupational health services will be underpinned by quality assurance systems.

Environmental Medicine↗