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Results for “Skin Window Technique”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Quantitative and qualitative study of the restoration by cytokines of mononuclear cell delivery to skin test sites in anergic surgical patients.

We tested the hypothesis that anergy is associated with reduced delivery of mononuclear cells (MNCs) to delayed-type hypersensitivity sites and that cytokine (CK)-rich supernatants from mixed lymphocyte cultures overcome the defect. Significantly fewer MNCs were delivered to skin window chambers placed over purified protein derivative (PPD) injection sites of previously sensitized anergic patients compared with hospitalized PPD-reactive patients; coinjection of CK with PPD restored the MNC delivery in anergic patients to normal levels. The T cells cloned from a PPD + CK site of an anergic patient consisted of CD4+ and CD8+ cells whose capacities included cytotoxicity and lymphokine production. The frequency of PPD-reactive cells was 15 times greater than in the blood. Thus, the restoration by CK of the delivery of antigen-specific cells capable of participating in cell-mediated immunity in anergic patients may be feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic significance of cellular immunity to autologous breast carcinoma and glycoprotein 55.

Using a skin window (SW) procedure, we evaluated post-operative cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to autologous breast cancer with reference to its prognostic significance, the nature of the immunogen, and the therapeutic implications. It appears that SW reactivity to autologous breast cancer is prognostically favorable per se and is independent of the prognostic significance of the nuclear grade of the cancer cells; SW reactivity to autologous breast cancer reflects CMI to a determinant(s) that is expressed by glycoprotein 55, the principal envelope glycoprotein of the RIII-murine mammary tumor virus; the glycoprotein 55-like CMi determinant(s) is more regularly expressed by preinvasive than by invasive breast cancers; tumor antigenicity and host reactivity may vary independently; and postoperative monitoring of CMI to autologous breast cancer is prognostically and therapeutically important.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Anergic patients before elective surgery have enhanced nonspecific host-defense capacity.

Albeit anergy in patients before surgery is associated with an increase in septic-related complications and mortality, it is not clear whether this is due to a downregulated nonspecific host defense or a specific cellular immune defect. We studied polymorphonuclear leukocyte neutrophil (PMN) function in 14 patients who were admitted for elective surgery and compared them with 5 healthy controls. At admission, patients were classified according to their delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test response into reactive or anergic groups. In vivo PMN delivery to skin windows, the plasma lactoferrin level, serum and skin window fluid chemoattractant activity, and in vitro superoxide production were measured. Compared with reactive patients, anergic patients showed an increased cell delivery (8.7 x 10(6) PMNs per well vs 1.6 x 10(6) PMNs per well), an increased plasma lactoferrin level (4.4 +/- 1.5 mg/L vs 3.1 +/- 0.8 mg/L), an increased chemoattractant capacity of serum and skin window fluid (38 +/- 21 cells per high-power field vs 16.8 +/- 7.2 cells per high-power field), and an increased superoxide production. We concluded that nonspecific host defense, as reflected by PMNs, is enhanced in anergic patients before surgery and may not explain the increased susceptibility to infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Exudative neutrophils. Modulation of microbicidal function in the inflammatory microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the inflammatory microenvironment primes neutrophils for increased microbicidal activity. DESIGN: In vitro studies of host defense were performed on surgical patients. SETTING: A tertiary care, university hospital. PATIENTS: A volunteer sample of hospitalized preoperative, noninfected surgical patients. INTERVENTION: Exudative neutrophils were collected from skin-blister chambers and functionally compared with circulating neutrophils. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to evaluate directly neutrophil microbicidal activity (using fluoresceinated Candida albicans), formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production (using 123 dihydrorhodamine), and surface expression of CD11b, CD16, and the fMLP receptor. In vitro tumor necrosis factor alpha was used to determine the possibility and extent of further priming in both circulating and exudative neutrophils. RESULTS: Exudative polymorphonuclear neutrophils have enhanced microbicidal activity, superoxide production, and expression of CD11b, CD16, and the fMLP receptor. Exogenous tumor necrosis factor was able to prime circulating neutrophils but did not further augment superoxide production in exudative neutrophils. CONCLUSION: The microbicidal activity of neutrophils is enhanced after exudation and is associated with neutrophil priming. The inability of exogenous tumor necrosis factor to further augment superoxide production after exudation suggests that this priming has been maximized.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1975

Prognostically favorable immunogens of human breast cancer tissue: antigenic similarity to murine mammary tumor virus.

A leukocyte migration procedure was utilized to test cellular hypersensitivity of breast cancer patients' leukocytes to autologous and homologous breast cancer tissues and to murine milk containing murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV). The in vitro responsiveness of the leukocytes and the antigenicity of breast cancer tissues were compared with in vivo prognostically favorable lymphoreticuloendothelial (L-RE) responses seen microscopically at the time of mastectomy and with the results of skin window tests of cellular hypersensitivity. The data suggest that immunogens appear in the in situ phase of the disease and provoke prognostically favorable L-RE responses. These immunogens possess antigenic similarity to some component(s) of MuMTV. Progression of the disease is associated with or preceded by a loss of tissue immunogenicity and/or diminished specific cellular hypersensitivity. The findings are pertinent to investigations of human mammary carcinogenesis and immunoprophylaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Functional characterization of the cells in chronic neutrophilic leukemia.

Light and electron microscopy of neutrophils from chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) did not reveal differences from normal mature neutrophils. However, functional characterization of CNL cells showed marked differences when compared to normal cells. CNL neutrophils were much less viable in suboptimal conditions. Their survival was further reduced by autologous serum and was corrected by normal human serm. CNL cells showed very active phagocytosis, but their bactericidal activity was reduced in suboptimal conditions. The total content of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase was lower in CNL cells compared to normal neutrophils, but the release of these enzymes from stimulated cells was much higher than normal. This observation is compatible with a marked lysosomal lability. Cells from the patients' peripheral blood and bone marrow showed excessive growth in CFU-C assays. Marked susceptibility of CNL cells to cytotoxic activity of cold agglutinins, SLE sera, and CSFs was observed and may signify qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the membrane structure of CNL neutrophils, as compared to normal cells.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of prophylactic colchicine therapy on leukocyte function in patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

Patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) who were part of a double-blind trial of daily colchicine as prophylaxis for their disease had leukocyte functions studied while receiving colchicine or placebo. Leukocytes taken from these patients while on prophylactic doses of colchicine produced normal quantities of leukocytic pyrogen, ingested bacteria normally, and migrated normally in chemotatic chambers. In addition these patients had normal numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes as well as normal blastogenic reponses of their peripheral lymphocytes to mitogenic stimuli. The patients on colchicine, however, had significantly fewer neutrophils and monocytes accumulating at skin-window sites 24 hours after the initial abrasion. Because the early phase of the skin-window response was normal in these patients, the decreased late response may be related to a failure to amplify the initial inflammatory reaction. The reduced capacity to generate a normal inflammatory response may account for the failure of these patients to develop full attacks while taking colchicine.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗