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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The why of fragging.

The author studied 28 men convicted and confined for use of explosives in assaults on superior officers during the Viet Nam war. There were several predominant characteristics in this group, including deprivation and/or brutality in family backgrounds, poor self-image, lack of critical self-observation, the use of externalization, and feelings of insecurity or vulnerability. Drug use joined with these and several other factors related to the situation of these men in Viet Nam in a lethal combination that led to the perpetration of an indirect assault with an explosive device on a figure perceived as powerful and threatening.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Self-destructive behavior in battered children.

Fifty-nine physically abused children demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of self-destructive behavior than two control groups of nonabused children, one neglected and one normal. The self-destructive behavior, including suicide attempts and self-mutilation, was potentiated by interrelated variables operating in the abused child and his environment. Often enhanced by the ego deficits and impaired impulse control of the abused children, this behavior seemed to represent a learned pattern originating in early traumatic experiences with hostile primary objects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Family influence in the recruitment of schizophrenic research subjects.

While seeking research subjects to test the effect of hemodialysis on schizophrenia, the authors noted that the relatives of schizophrenic patients tried to involve themselves excessively in the selection process. Of 27 patients referrals meeting diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, only one contact was initiated by the patient; the rest were initiated by family members. In more than half of the family-initiated contacts relatives attempted to become excessively involved in the patient's decision making. The authors discuss these observations in light of family theories of schizophrenia. They urge caution in selecting subjects for research that attempts to test other researchers' earlier claims which may have stimulated premature hope of improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Living in limbo: psychosocial intervention in families with a cancer patient.

Modern medical practice has changed cancer from an acute to a chronic catastrophe. The family system of a cancer patient moves therefore into a state of a "limbo" where interactions, plans, and socioeconomic realities are continually imbalanced and ever-changing. Family coping styles are examined; therapists' strategies and pitfalls are delineated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

An organizational-distress syndrome: diagnosis and treatment.

Organizational disturbances often begin with seemingly plausible complaints, which the author calls mass symptoms, that are presented repeatedly from many sources and that cannot be clarified or resolved. They are essentially pseudo-problems by which responsibility for organizational failing is transferred elsewhere. Treatment consists primarily of restoring functional job-related communication, often by means of small, explicit changes in communication pathways rather than by attitudinal changes in communication or by "open" or emotionally candid communication. The author describes the occurrence and treatment of mass symptoms in a military hospital unit, a mental health center, and a university teaching unit.

Communication↗
PubMed1988

A systems model of short-term, open-ended group therapy.

Because of rapid patient turnover and periodic therapist rotations, inpatient psychotherapy groups with open membership can sometimes appear to be forever beginning or forever ending. Described here is a model of group process that identifies four distinct stages of group development experienced by open-ended groups. Each of the four stages--called rebeginning, subgrouping, work phase, and termination--is characterized by attention to a particular boundary issue. In stages 1 to 3, the group members gradually move from establishing the group's separateness from other hospital systems to establishing alliances with the therapist and with each other to developing mutually supportive relationships. When several members are discharged, the group enters stage 4, during which it renews its efforts to fortify its external boundary. Therapeutic interventions appropriate to each stage of group development are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Policing sexuality in a modern state hospital.

In 1985 a grand jury was convened by the district attorney to investigate conditions at the Rochester (N.Y.) Psychiatric Center following the center's decision not to notify police of the sodomy of a patient by another patient. The grand jury brought no civil or criminal indictments, but the incident touched off a wave of negative publicity about the hospital and prompted local police and the district attorney to demand that the hospital report any incident of sexual activity involving a mentally incompetent patient. As a result, the hospital instituted a stringent policy requiring extensive investigation and physical examination of patients found having sex. This article discusses legal and clinical issues that were raised by the incident, the impact of public scrutiny on the policing of patient sexuality. The negative aspects of overreporting sexual activity at a state hospital are described.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
PubMed1988

Narcissistic rage in leaders: the intersection of individual dynamics and group process.

Power corrupts in terms of both grandiose inflations and threatened narcissistic injuries. This paper deals with the rage states that may ensue in leaders. After explaining the individual psychodynamics of self-righteous rages in executives, this paper describes inferences about the group processes set in motion by such leaders and the reactions of subordinates. Independent thinkers in subordinate groups are both especially vulnerable to harm and especially important to preventing disasters within the group. The variable action of such persons leads to a sequence of possible phases. In bad scenarios the last phase is one containing institutional ruin, bloodbaths, or mutinies. Understanding the inference of individual and group dynamics on a theme of narcissistic injury may help prevent such disasters.

Anger↗
PubMed2004

Do normative transgressions affect punitive judgments? An empirical test of the psychoanalytic scapegoat hypothesis.

According to psychoanalytic theory, punitiveness is based on a projection of one's own immoral desires and the moral conflict they cause (scapegoat hypothesis). This hypothesis implies that transgressors impose harsher punishment onto comparable wrongdoers. This effect should be amplified by strength of decision conflict. An alternative hypothesis based on blameavoidance motivation is derived. Participants (N = 291) were asked to indicate whether they would commit an unlawful act in a moral temptation situation and how conflicted they felt in making their decision. Later, they had to judge convicts in criminal cases that were similar to the previous temptation situations. Authoritarianism was assessed as covariate. In contrast to the scapegoat but consistent with the blame-avoidance interpretation, transgressors were more lenient than nontransgressors. Authoritarianism had main effects on punitiveness. Decision conflict was neither directly nor indirectly related to punitiveness. The findings challenge the validity of the scapegoat hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The psychiatrist-woman patient relationship.

This paper contends that the psychiatrist-woman patient relationship is affected by a number of powerful, yet often subtle, pressures. There are three major interacting sets of factors: the medical and mental health systems and the process of medicalization of life that has taken place over the last century; the psychiatrist, his or her training, attitude and theoretical background; and the woman patient, her socialization and view of the world which is based on perspectives formulated from a male viewpoint. As a result of these factors, any woman referred to a psychiatrist is likely to be given a psychiatric diagnosis, her problems viewed as individual and intrapsychic, the societal obstacles she faces ignored or minimized, and treatment probably geared to helping her adapt to traditional expectations. The implications for therapy are discussed, with emphasis on the need to appreciate how women have been forced into a second-hand understanding of the world. Alternatives to traditional psychotherapy are discussed briefly, stressing the need for recognition and use of these resources.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

The resident and the borderline in-patient: a supervisor's perspective.

The problems of residents working intensively with borderline inpatients in a general hospital psychiatric unit area described. The resident feels pressure because of inexperience with intensive psychotherapy, and the high visibility of working in a closely supervised team setting. The border line patient baffles the resident with his defensive activity characterized by splitting, erotization, idealization, and negative therapeutic response. These difficulties complicate supervision, necessitating the supervisor's alertness to being caught in team splits or collusion with the resident's unrealistic hopefulness or nihilism. Supervision must actively address the resident's countertransference and the supervisor's counterresponses. Clinical vignettes illustrate the various problems.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Multi-professional mortality review: supporting a culture of teamwork in the absence of error finding and blame-placing.

Commitment to patient safety must be a priority of every healthcare institution. York Central Hospital has implemented a quality initiative to address multi-professional issues that result from a significant sentinel event where there is a notion of perceived wrongdoing due to an adverse and/or unexpected outcome--the Multi-Professional Mortality Review process. Unlike the traditional approach to professional review in healthcare, which results in a culture of error finding and blame-placing, this process acknowledges the fact that human errors can occur, reaffirms what is working well and ensures that steps are taken to mitigate the effects of the sentinel event under consideration. The review panel consists of healthcare professionals who have been involved in the case. The panel reviews the case and makes recommendations to senior clinical committees and hospital administration. The multi-professional review process has been met with a positive response at York Central Hospital and, to date, has served as a driving force behind the implementation of a number of systemic and professional changes.

Canada↗
PubMed2000

Patient-blaming and representation of risk factors in breast cancer images.

Media coverage of some cancers in the past often equated cancer with a death sentence. Breast cancer coverage in 1990s magazines, however, has become less fatalistic, more frequent, and discusses a broader range of issues than before. This study examined whether the visual images accompanying magazine articles about breast cancer have also evolved. We used Goffman's (1976) rituals of subordination to measure patient-blaming and subordinating, disempowering images. We also analyzed race/ethnicity, body type, and age of females in the images to gauge whether these demographic risk factors were represented in a random sample of images from nine magazines over a 30-year period. Magazines analyzed represented three genres-women's magazines, fashion/beauty, and general news. Findings suggest that patient-blaming images have decreased in some categories and women portrayed are slightly more representative of risk factors of age and race/ethnicity. Magazine images tended to reinforce stereotyped portrayals of femininity to the detriment of cancer patients. Fashion/beauty magazines, aimed at younger women, were most likely to portray breast cancer images in stereotyped, patient-blaming ways, with the least representative images of risk factors. The social construction of feminine beauty seems to overpower accuracy in creating these images.

Bibliometrics↗