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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Gambling behavior of student-athletes and a student cohort: what are the odds?

This study investigated the prevalence of gambling, gambling related NCAA violations, and disordered gambling in student-athletes (n = 736) with a comparison cohort of students (n = 1,071) at four universities. Student-athletes reported similar rates of gambling frequency, use of a bookmaker, and disordered gambling as students. After accounting for demographic differences, student-athletes were less likely to engage in sports wagering than students. Several risk factors for disordered gambling were identified, including being male and reporting at least one parent with a history of gambling problems. These findings suggest that problems associated with gambling are a university-wide issue with student-athletes meriting additional attention because of implications for the integrity of intercollegiate sports. Improved prevention and intervention efforts for collegiate gambling are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Medical student attitudes toward inclusion of a research year within diagnostic radiology residency: a survey of students participating in the 2002 NRMP match. National Resident Matching Program.

UNLABELLED: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to solicit medical student opinion regarding establishment of a research track within diagnostic radiology residency and to determine the method of implementation most favorable to candidates who self-identified as future researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After the deadline for submitting rank lists (February 21, 2002), a questionnaire was mailed to 588 U.S.-resident medical students who applied to the authors' residency in the 2002 match. Returned questionnaires post-marked before match day (March 21, 2002) were included in the analysis. Students were asked to rate their level of interest in different residency curricula; to indicate whether they were most likely to pursue a position in private practice, clinical academics, or research academics; and to indicate their preferred time of choosing a training track, preferred duration of the residency to dedicate to research, and when they most wished to undertake research. RESULTS: A total of 161 students (27.4%) responded. Overall, students preferred institutions with both clinical and research tracks rather than a single track for all residents, to delay their choice of track for as long as possible, and to do research during postgraduate year 4. Students indicated greatest interest in 3-6 months of research. Among those who self-identified as future academic researchers, interest in a research residency track was greater than among those who indicated the greatest interest in private practice positions. CONCLUSION: Many students are interested in performing research during their radiology residency. Interest in a research track is positively correlated with interest in a research academic career and negatively correlated with interest in private practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Medical students' attitudes toward radiology: comparison of matriculating and graduating students.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine graduating medical students' perceptions of radiology and to document changes in their perceptions since they entered medical school. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey questionnaire was distributed to 213 graduating students. Questions were similar to those answered by the same group of students as they entered medical school nearly 4 years earlier. RESULTS: The survey was anonymously completed by 140 students. Seventy percent of students changed their choice of medical specialty since entering medical school. Factors with a major or important influence on specialty choice included intellectual excitement (96%), high patient contact (86%), opportunity for a good family life (72%), and regular hours (57%). Radiology was perceived to be a well-paid (89%), "high-tech" (86%) specialty with a healthy lifestyle (82%), regular hours (99%), and good family life (92%), but it was not perceived to offer high patient contact (1%) and was intellectually exciting to only 33% of students. This perception was unchanged from freshman year. CONCLUSIONS: This 4-year longitudinal study of a medical student class documents surprisingly little change in the perception of radiology throughout medical school. High patient contact and intellectual excitement, both factors of major or important influence on specialty choice, were thought to be lacking in radiology.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of medical students' written expressions of emotion and coping and standardized patients' ratings of student professionalism and communication skills.

UNLABELLED: Little is known about the relationship between medical students' expression of emotion when confronted with a traumatic medical event and their perceived communication skills and professionalism. METHOD: Eighty-nine second year medical students participated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) that included a writing exercise. Standardized patients assessed student performance on communication and professionalism. Student writing samples were analysed for emotional language and coping strategies. RESULTS: Two kinds of written language, high positive and distancing, were related to "active" and "detached" coping methods. Standardized patients rated students who used highly positive emotional language as having poorer professionalism and communication skills. Students who endorsed "accepting" coping were perceived as more professional. DISCUSSION: Future research should investigate whether certain emotional expressions in medical students' writings are related to less patient-centered coping, poorer communication skills, and less professionalism.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Teaching medical students gynaecological examination using professional patients-evaluation of students' skills and feelings.

Gynaecological examinations are especially sensitive, both for the inexperienced student and for the woman being examined. To assist the students in this process, we have introduced a separate training session for medical students using so-called professional patients during the first week of the course in obstetrics and gynaecology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome, attitudes and feelings towards this type of training and to gain knowledge on how to further develop the method. After the training session, students, teachers and professional patients were asked to fill in anonymously different questionnaires assessing their views on the education. In conclusion students, teachers and professional patients found this training programme with professional patients to be of great value. It was felt that the teaching session reduced stress and anxiety; the students were relieved, calmer and more secure after the training. It is strongly recommended that this type of programme with professional patients should be used for teaching gynaecological examination techniques to medical students.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

College students' drinking: master's in social work compared with undergraduate students.

The article is based on the supposition that personal experiences with alcohol influence how master's of social work (MSW) students interact with problem-drinking clients and their significant others. The study compared self-report drinking practices of 413 MSW students with 552 undergraduate college students from universities in the Northeast. The variables were having five or more drinks during the past two weeks, feeling the need to cut down, having an alcohol problem, recovering, and consuming the student's last drink. The MSW students, within age and gender categories, did not drink as excessively as the undergraduate students, although a greater percentage were recovering, a finding of high relevance for the training of these students.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Do attending physicians, nurses, residents, and medical students agree on what constitutes medical student abuse?

BACKGROUND: Whether attending physicians, residents, nurses, and medical students agree on what constitutes medical student abuse, its severity, or influencing factors is unknown. METHOD: We surveyed 237 internal medicine attending physicians, residents, medical students, and nurses at 13 medical schools after viewing five vignettes depicting potentially abusive behaviors. RESULTS: The majority of each group felt the belittlement, ethnic insensitivity, and sexual harassment scenarios represented abuse but that excluding a student from participating in a procedure did not. Only a majority of attending physicians considered the negative feedback scenario as abuse. Medical students rated abuse severity significantly lower than other groups in the belittlement scenario (p<.05). Respondents who felt abused as students were more likely to rate behaviors as abusive (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The groups generally agree on what constitutes abuse, but attending physicians and those abused as students may perceive more behaviors as abusive.

Female↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of the attitudes of students and non-students toward the disabled in Ghana.

A comparison of attitudes toward the disabled in Ghana was made between 146 college students (majoring in general education, special education administration and medicine) and 128 non-students. The study focuses on an analysis of responses to a select number of attitude statements which revealed the following: Students responded more favorably than non-students to statements emphasizing the value of educating the disabled. Students were less likely to blame the disabled or his/her family for the presence of a disability. On the other hand, both students and non-students were least favorable to social interaction with the disabled. A major finding of the study was that all scores fell within or above the moderately positive range. However, analysis of data revealed an inconsistency between the cognitive and affective attitude components. These findings suggest the influence of traditional beliefs on attitudes toward the disabled.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Students' stories: how faculty help and hinder students at risk.

Students who are at risk for academic problems and failure are not new to faculty. However, with society's need for competent nurses and fewer students choosing nursing as a career, retention of qualified students remains a priority. Teachers ask, "How can students be enabled to succeed?" Many interventions have been suggested to help the at-risk student, yet rarely are students asked to share what has been helpful for them. In this study, 20 students told stories of their academic struggles in nursing school and how teachers helped and hindered them. These stories revealed a pattern of "expecting." In addition, several themes related to helping and hindering emerged. The authors discuss these themes and their implications for nurse educators.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of students from main and alternate admission lists at one school: the potential impact on student performance of increasing enrollment.

PURPOSE: If medical schools increase enrollment to meet anticipated physician shortages, more students from alternate lists will likely be accepted. This study compared the performance of alternate- and main-list students during and one year after medical school. METHOD: The authors assessed admission and performance measures for 1,188 students matriculating from 1997-2003 at the University of Kansas School of Medicine. Measures included Medical College Admission Test scores, basic and clinical science grade point averages, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 scores, residency match information, and residency director ratings. Chi-square analyses, proportional analyses, and independent t-tests were performed. RESULTS: The results indicated that both the admission measures and performance of alternate-list students were generally lower than main-list students, but the differences were small and probably not meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: As long as the applicant pool does not substantially change from its current makeup, increasing enrollment by accepting more students from alternate lists may not adversely affect overall student performance.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

Inconsistencies between actual and estimated blood alcohol concentrations in a field study of college students: do students really know how much they drink?

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use by college students is commonly measured through the use of surveys. The validity of such data hinge on the assumption that students are aware of how much alcohol they actually consume. Recent studies call this assumption into question. Students tend to overestimate the appropriate sizes of standard drinks, suggesting that they might underestimate how much alcohol they consume. If this is true, then students' actual blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) should be higher than BACs estimated based on self-report data. The present study examined this issue METHODS: Breathalyzer readings and self-reported drinking data were collected from 152 college students during the fall of 2004. Estimated BACs were calculated by means of a standard formula, and the relation between actual and estimated BACs was examined. Factors contributing to discrepancies between the two values were identified RESULTS: Estimated BAC levels were significantly higher, not lower, than breath BAC measures. The accuracy of estimated BACs decreased as the number of drinks and amount of time spent drinking increased. Being male and drinking only beer predicted greater accuracy of estimated BACs CONCLUSIONS: Although laboratory data suggest that students underestimate how much they drink, the hypothesis was not supported by data collected in the field. It appears that students might actually overestimate rather than underestimate their levels of consumption when surveyed in the midst of a night of drinking. The findings corroborate observations made by other researchers and suggest that the findings of laboratory studies on college drinking do not necessarily extend to real-world settings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Teacher overinvolvement and student depression among junior high school students in Taiwan.

This study examines depression in students at public high schools in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to examine which student-level and teacher-level variables affect student depression due to teacher emotional overinvolvement and other factors. A survey instrument adapted and translated from existing surveys was distributed to 1,479 Taiwanese adolescents aged 13-15 years and 172 teachers from 10 public junior high schools in the city of Taipei. The hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used for a cross-level analysis of the data. The HLM shows that student-level measures account for most of the variance. Teacher emotional overinvolvement and core self-evaluations are the preponderant influences on student ratings. In terms of teacher-level variables, the effects of teacher involvement, teacher depression, and teacher educational background on student-level variables are strong and significant. The findings of this study recommend the development of a comprehensive counseling system for teachers and students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The Medical Student Expectation Scale (MSES): a device for measuring students' expectations of each others' values and behaviours.

A study assessing the differences between institutional and matriculants' expectations of students' attitudes and behaviour was undertaken in 1992 at the Drew/UCLA Medical Education Program (DUMEP) in Los Angeles, California. Responding to a 33-item questionnaire utilizing 5-point Likert scales were 113/122 students in the classes of 1992 through to 1996. Factor analysis yielded two factors accounting for 61% of the total variance. Two subscales (Personal Trait Subscale and Drew Mission Subscale) containing a total of nine items comprise the Medical Student Expectation Scale (MSES). The alphas and standardized item alphas of these two subscales were 0.7531 and 0.8287 (Personal Trait Subscale) and 0.7304 and 0.7406 (Drew Mission Subscale), indicating good reliability. Correlation coefficients for continuous variables were calculated in order to determine subgroup responses to the subscales and their component items. While the students' overall responses indicated commitment to the values of the Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, subgroup responses varied. The strongest supporters of the University's values were older students, blacks, and those having better undergraduate performance in non-science areas. Least likely to agree with University values were students having better performances in the sciences (grade-point average and MCAT scores) and those of Mexican-American ethnicity. The scores of participating classes documented a secular trend away from endorsement of the values of the Drew University. Following further study, the MSES may be useful in student selection and curriculum design.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Do students develop better motivational interviewing skills through role-play with standardised patients or with student colleagues?

OBJECTIVE: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the USA and reducing the number of smokers by 50% is among the goals of the Healthy People 2010 initiative. Despite its importance, few medical students receive formal training in smoking cessation counselling. Motivational interviewing is a patient-centred, but directive, method of counselling that has been found to be more effective than giving brief advice for motivating smokers to quit. We wanted to determine whether using standardised patients to teach this skill to Year 3 medical students would be more effective than using student role-plays. METHODS: We conducted a randomised, controlled trial of 93 Year 3 family medicine clerkship students at our medical school between July 2003 and July 2004. The control group (n=46) practised motivational interviewing with one another and the intervention group (n=47) practised with standardised patients trained in motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. At the end of the study all the students conducted an interview with a different standardised patient that was videotaped. The primary outcome was analysis by a trained masked evaluator of the quality of a final videotaped interview using the motivational interviewing treatment integrity code (MITI), which assesses the quality of the interview according to 6 different criteria. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in the final analyses of the interviews. CONCLUSIONS: According to MITI scores, standardised patient role-plays are similar in effectiveness to student role-plays when teaching basic motivational interviewing skills for smoking cessation to Year 3 medical students.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Evaluation of student and faculty perceptions of the PBL curriculum at two dental schools from a student perspective: a cross-sectional survey.

Problem-based learning (PBL) research has primarily highlighted issues related to medical education and less evaluation has been reported from the field of dental education. Furthermore, literature reports tend to focus mainly on PBL from a pedagogic and curriculum constructional view and up to this date, studies from a student perspective are lacking. The aim of this study was to approach the evaluation of student and staff perceptions of PBL curricula from a student perspective at two separate schools: the Faculty of Odontology at the University of Malmö, Sweden and the dental school of the University of Southern California, School of Dentistry (USCSD), Los Angeles, CA, USA. The study was initiated and conducted by two of the authors, at the time senior students at the Faculty of Odontology in Malmö, Sweden. The study was comprised of a literature search, a 2 week field trip to USCSD, USA, survey distribution to students and faculty in both schools, analysis of the data and a written report for oral defence. The results from the survey were intended to provide feedback on student and faculty perceptions regarding the PBL curriculum. The results indicate a general student and faculty satisfaction with the PBL curriculum. Perhaps, surprisingly their perceptions did not differ significantly despite differences in geography, culture and implementation of PBL pedagogy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Students' perceptions of male teachers: effects of teachers' dress and students' characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a male teacher's clothing and selected students' characteristics on students' perceptions of teachers' characteristics. The sample consisted of 152 male and female high school students. Respondents selected one of four photographs of a male teacher model dressed in four different clothing styles for each of 20 teachers' characteristic statements. The mediating effects of students' gender, formality of clothing, and perceptions of the importance of clothing were also investigated. Significant differences among the four clothing styles were found for all 20 statements. Students' gender and rated importance of clothing had some influence on this relationship. The results supplement previous research on female teachers by suggesting that different types of clothing also influence students' perceptions of male teachers and that students' characteristics have some mediating effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Types of college student-to-student learning: correlated interactions.

209 college men and 327 college women took a 20-item Likert survey to assess the types of education-related information students may learn from other students during their informal interactions. Students were very likely to ask other students low level questions such as which professors were good and which classes to take. They were less likely to ask other students about concepts discussed in class and how to solve problems generated in class. If students asked about test taking, these students were also likely to ask about study skills and writing skills for the class. Other research suggests these higher level help-seeking behaviors seem to be related to classroom mastery and achievement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Attitudes of veterinary medical students and medical students toward collaborative learning: an experiment.

This study measured the attitudes of 55 medical students and 30 veterinary medical students as they participated in an experiment of collaborative teaching and learning about basic surgical skills. Two parallel forms of an attitude questionnaire were developed, with three subscales: confidence in one's own surgical skill; collaboration with the other type of student; and inter-professional collaboration in general. These attitude scales were administered before and after an experiment involving the veterinary medical students teaching the medical students incision and exploratory laparoscopy in a laboratory setting using live rabbits. After the experiment, measures of the medical students' attitudes had increased significantly on all three subscales. Measures of the veterinary students' attitudes increased significantly on two subscales but declined on the subscale of inter-professional collaboration.

Animals↗