Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STELLATE GANGLION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Preoperative stellate ganglion blockade prevents tourniquet-induced hypertension during general anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged and excessive inflation of pneumatic tourniquets leads to a hyperdynamic circulatory response. Sympathomimetic activity is an important factor in tourniquet-induced hypertension. Stellate ganglion block specifically blunts sympathetic efferent nerves and prevents hypertension induced by sympathomimetic stimulation. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on arterial pressure and heart rate during prolonged tourniquet use under general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty patients scheduled for knee arthroscopy were either treated with 10 ml of 1% lidocaine for SGB (SGB group; n = 10), or intramuscular injection (IM group; n = 10) before tourniquet inflation. Comparisons of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate were made before and after the induction of anesthesia, 10 min after the lidocaine treatment, every 5 min during the first 60 min after tourniquet inflation, and immediately before and 5 min following deflation. The maximum values of the circulatory variables were compared. RESULTS: Tourniquet inflation caused increases in the circulatory variables in both groups. Systolic arterial pressure in the SGB group was significantly lower than that in the IM group after 55 min of tourniquet inflation. Diastolic arterial pressure also was significantly lower in the SGB group immediately before the deflation. The maximum values of the three hemodynamic variables were significantly lower in the SGB group. Arterial pressure significantly decreased after tourniquet deflation in the IM group. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral SGB attenuated the hyperdynamic response mediated by prolonged tourniquet inflation during knee arthroscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Adrenoceptor agonists inhibit calcium-dependent potentials in rat stellate ganglion neurons.

AIM: To study the effects of adrenoceptor agonists on the stellate ganglion neurons. METHODS: Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the isolated rat stellate ganglia. RESULTS: Noradrenaline and clonidine (10-30 mumol.L-1) reversibly depressed 3 types of calcium-dependent potentials, namely, the action potential shoulder; the spike after-hyperpolarization; the Ca2+ spike evoked in Krebs' solution containing TTX and TEA and fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (f-EPSP). CONCLUSION: The adrenoceptor agonists inhibitied the 3 calcium-dependent potentials; f-EPSP was inhibited by reducing Ca2+ influx at presynaptic site in population of neurons.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1968

Activity of aortic chemoreceptors during electrical stimulation of the stellate ganglion in the cat.

1. In anaesthetized cats, action potentials from aortic chemoreceptors were recorded during electrical stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic fibres to the decentralized right stellate ganglion. The rate of discharge in afferents in the ipsilateral but not in the contralateral aortic nerve increased when stimulus frequency was 4/sec or higher.2. The post-ganglionic fibres in the stimulated pathway originate in the right stellate ganglion. They leave the ganglion in the caudal limb of the ansa subclavia, and the results suggest that the ipsilateral aortic nerve and its branches distribute sympathetic fibres as well as afferents to aortic bodies.3. In contrast, the rate of discharge of chemoreceptor fibres in the contralateral aortic nerve fell as blood pressure increased during sympathetic stimulation. Sympathetic pathways to the aortic bodies can maintain or increase chemoreceptor discharge during hypertension elicited by sympathetic activation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Changes in cerebral blood flow estimated after stellate ganglion block by single photon emission computed tomography.

The validity of the hypothesis that the cerebral vasculature is under the control of sympathetic innervation was investigated using brain scintigraphy imaging before and after stellate ganglion block (SGB). The experiment with HM-PAO showed a definite increase in the blood flow of the brain on the block side on both by the dynamic images and the SPECT images. The tympanic temperature (Tty) of the block side decreased significantly after SGB, compared to the unblock side in this study, as had been reported before. This change in Tty coinsided with the increase in cerebral blood flow as mentioned above. This study demonstrated that the cerebral vasculature is under the control of sympathetic innervation, the pathway of which is relayed and/or passes through the stellate ganglion. We conclude that SGB increases intracerebral blood flow and can also exert secondary effects systemically due to CNS blood flow changes as have been previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quinine poisoning. An unusual indication for stellate ganglion blockade.

The treatment of a case of quinine amblyopia by stellate ganglion blockade is described. The degree of restoration of vision confirms the experience of other workers and is attributable to relief of retinal vasoconstriction. The possibility is discussed that earlier and more prolonged use of the technique might improve results.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Transient locked-in syndrome resulting from stellate ganglion block in the treatment of patients with sudden hearing loss.

Stellate ganglion blockage (SGB) is a local anesthetic procedure intended to block the lower cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic chain and is one of the treatment modalities for a wide range of disorders such as sudden hearing loss, Menier's disease, stroke, sudden blindness, shoulder/hand syndrome and vascular headache. The complications of SGB are recurrent laryngeal or phrenic nerve block, pneumothorax, unconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, convulsions and sometimes severe arterial hypotension. We present a case with transient locked-in syndrome following SGB for the management of sudden hearing loss. The risk of an intra-arterial injection can be eliminated by rotating the needle, as is described in this report.

Autonomic Nerve Block↗
PubMed1995

[A case of atopic dermatitis treated with stellate ganglion block--the change of serum IgE and blood eosinophil levels].

Stellate ganglion block (SGB) therapy was tried on a patient with severe adult type atopic dermatitis. SGB was performed 102 times in total and clinical symptoms improved gradually. Serum IgE and blood eosinophil levels, which correlate with disease severity, increased gradually following repeated SGB. After a series of SGB was stopped, clinical symptoms became worse and serum IgE and blood eosinophil levels increased again. We conclude that although SGB is presumably one of the effective therapies for severe adult type atopic dermatitis, it might be difficult to improve atopic constitution entirely because the patient was not cured completely following repeated SGB.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of stellate ganglion block on human retinal blood flow].

PURPOSE: The effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on human retinal blood flow was evaluated. METHODS: We measured the diameter of the retinal artery and vein, and retinal venous flow rate by laser speckle retinal blood flow meter simultaneously in 11 eyes of 11 normal volunteers. RESULTS: The reliable data from 9 eyes of 9 person were used for analysis. SGB did not change the blood pressure, heart rate, retinal arterial diameter, or venous diameter. However SGB increased retinal blood velocity significantly from 9.9 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- standard deviation) mm/s to 11.1 +/- 1.5 mm/s (p < 0.01). Intraocular pressure decreased from 12.3 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- standard deviation)mmHg to 9.4 +/- 2.2 mmHg after SGB (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between the change of ocular perfusion pressure and that of retinal venous blood velocity. CONCLUSION: SGB increased the retinal venous blood velocity without changing the retinal vessel diameter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed severe airway obstruction due to hematoma following stellate ganglion block.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Delayed onset of airway obstruction following stellate ganglion block (SGB) may be life threatening. We treated a patient who developed a severe airway obstruction caused by a large hematoma several hours after an SGB. METHODS: A 62-year-old woman suffering from sudden deafness developed dyspnea 2 hours after undergoing her fourth SGB, and evidenced swelling and tenderness in her anterior neck and chest. Her pharyngolaryngeal tissues were edematous, and the glottis was markedly narrowed. Computed tomograms and magnetic resonance images revealed a large soft tissue mass extending from the first cervical vertebra to the diaphragm. RESULTS: Surgical tracheotomy was performed to maintain her airway. Swelling of the vocal cord disappeared on the eleventh day after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the SGB needle injured the vertebral artery and caused massive hemorrhage anterior to the cervical vertebra, subsequently inducing pharyngolaryngeal edema by obstructing the venous and lymphatic drainage of the cervical region.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2000

[Connections of the cat stellate ganglion with target organs during postnatal ontogenesis].

The enzyme horseradish peroxidase was administered into trachea, esophagus, heart, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and biceps of newborn, 10-, 20-day old kittens, and adult cats. The labeled neurons were located on the topical basis of the stellate ganglion. In newborn kittens, the largest cells take part in the heart innervation. In animals of other ages, the largest cells take part in innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The findings suggest that, in postnatal ontogenesis, neuronal organisation of the stellate ganglion is changing parallel to an enhancement of the neurons' size and ganglion section area.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Stellate ganglion drives sympathetic regulation of cochlear blood flow.

The functional properties of the sympathetic fibers innervating the cochlea are not well understood. Adrenergic fibers supplying lateral wall structures of the cochlea have been observed terminating on radiating arterioles and collecting venules. Adrenergic fibers also terminate as 'free' endings in the spiral osseous lamina. Stimulation or transection of sympathetic fibers originating from superior cervical chain and supplying the cochlea have yielded mixed results concerning many aspects of cochlea physiology. In order to clarify the origin of sympathetic fibers and their role in control of cochlear blood flow (CBF), we examined the effect of electrical stimulation of the stellate ganglion (ESS) and transection of postganglionic fibers from the stellate on CBF measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and on systemic blood pressure (BP) in the guinea pig. ESS produced a 20-35% increase in BP and 10-15% decrease in CBF. The decrease in CBF presumably reflects the net result of increased perfusion pressure, local autoregulatory mechanisms, and a direct sympathetic-induced vasoconstriction. Section of the immediate postganglionic sympathetic trunk had little or no effect on the ESS-related change in BP; however, it eliminated the CBF reduction. Intravenously infused beta 1-blocker diminished the BP increase due to ESS, while the electrically-evoked reduction in CBF remained. Local application of an alpha-blocker on the round window blocked ESS evoked CBF reductions without altering the BP increase. These data confirm the functional role of sympathetic projections from the stellate ganglion in CBF regulation in guinea pig.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1986

Enkephalin modulation of neural transmission in the cat stellate ganglion: pharmacological actions of exogenous opiates.

Neural ganglionic transmission was studied in vivo in the cat, using closed chest anesthetized preparations. The right stellate ganglion and its branches were exposed retropleurally and prepared for electrical stimulation of pre- and postganglionic nerve fibers. The axillary artery was cannulated allowing direct administration of drugs in the arterial blood supplying the ganglion. Stimulation of postjunctional receptors could thus be obtained by local administration of selective agents. Local administration of nicotinic, muscarinic or histaminergic agents increased heart rate and blood pressure. Opiates were given either i.v. or locally through the axillary artery: we tested the effects of morphine, Leu-enkephalin (Leu-enk), Met-enkephalin (Met-enk), [D-ala2]-Met-enkephalinamide (DAME) and etorphine. When given locally, Leu-enk (from 10 micrograms), Met-enk (from 20 micrograms), DAME (from 5 micrograms) and etorphine (from 0.2 micrograms) inhibited tachycardia induced by preganglionic stimulation and reduced the amplitude of the compound action potential recorded from the postganglionic nerve. Morphine (10-200 micrograms) had no effect. On the other hand, tachycardia induced by postganglionic nerve stimulation was unaffected by opiates in the same experimental conditions. Intravenous administration of similar doses of opiates had no effect on ganglionic transmission. When tachycardia was induced by chemical stimulation of nicotinic (DMPP), muscarinic (McN-A-343-11) or histamine receptors in the stellate ganglia, opiates were still active in reducing the effect of these chemicals. These data provide evidence that exogenous opiates exert a depressing action on postsynaptic responses of sympathetic ganglia tested in vivo, although an additional action on presynaptic terminals is not excluded. As endogenous opiates are normally present in various sympathetic ganglia, including the stellate ganglion of the cat, it is possible that they play some modulatory role on ganglionic transmission in physiological conditions.

(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethy↗
PubMed1990

Contractions of the squid stellate ganglion.

Optical recording methods were used to characterize the intrinsic movements of squid stellate ganglia. Ganglionic contractions were rhythmic and occurred at a mean frequency of 8 min-1. Contractions were eliminated when Na+ in the external saline were replaced by Tris, but were only slowed when Na+ was replaced by sucrose. This suggests that Na+ plays some role in generating the contractions, but the complete abolition produced by Tris-containing saline may be due to a secondary pharmacological action of this ion. The Na+ channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, had no effect on contractions. Contractions were eliminated by removal of external Ca2+, by treatment with the inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers Mn2+ and Cd2+, or by treatment with the organic dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers nitrendipine and nimodipine. Thus, extracellular Ca2+ plays an important role in generating the contractions. Because dihydropyridines eliminate contractions, but not synaptic transmission, they offer a means of studying transmission at the giant synapse of the stellate ganglion without having to contend with ganglionic movement. Electron microscopy of stellate ganglia revealed the presence of two types of cell that contained the organized arrays of cytoskeletal elements usually associated with contractile cells. One type was a pericyte that surrounded blood vessels within the stellate ganglion. The second type was distributed throughout the ganglion and resembled a smooth muscle cell. Either of these cell types might generate ganglionic contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lung compliance and cholesterol during stellate ganglion stimulation.

The relationships between lung compliance, surface tension, and cholesterol during stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system were studied in 28 cats. Cats were anesthetized with ketamine hydrocholoride, injected with one of five sympathetic blocking agents or inhibitors and injected with isoprotenol. The left stellate ganglion was then stimulated electrically for 5 min. We found that stimulation decreased lung compliance and increased the surface tension and the cholesterol concentration in the lung wash fluid. Alpha blockers (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine) and catecholamine inhibitors (reserpine and guanethidine) prevented these changes, but the beta blocker practolol did not. In additional experiments airway resistance, functional residual capacity and lung weights did not change during stellate stimulation. The results from the present study suggest that stellate ganglion stimulation resulted in decreased lung compliance with an increased surface tension and cholesterol in lung wash fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Sympathetically induced atrial tachycardia. Successful treatment by left stellate ganglion block.

An unusual type of atrial tachycardia was observed in a 52-year-old woman. The tachycardia occurred only when the patient kept the left upper limb in the lateral and horizontal position. Propranolol, atropine sulfate, carotid sinus massage and ocular compression were not effective in terminating or preventing the arrhythmia. Left stellate ganglion block has stopped the tachycardia for at least two years. The atrial tachycardia in this patient was thought to be caused by mechanical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion resulting in pacemaker shifting, as has been demonstrated in the canine heart.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus sends efferents to the spinal cord of the rat that closely appose sympathetic preganglionic neurones projecting to the stellate ganglion.

Using a combination of anterograde and retrograde neuronal tract-tracing techniques, the descending projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to the brain/spinal cord and in particular those axonal projections that appear to be contiguous with sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPN) projecting to the stellate ganglion have been studied. Descending PVN pathways were located by the anterograde transport of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), whilst SPN were retrogradely labelled with cholera B toxin subunit conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP). BDA-labelled PVN axons terminated in both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic (including the midbrain, medulla and spinal cord) brain nuclei, with dense terminal labelling observed particularly in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and adjacent median eminence, in the solitary tract, vagal nuclei and in the intermediolateral region of the spinal cord (IML). Varicose descending PVN fibres in the IML were often observed to closely appose both the cell soma and dendrites of retrogradely labelled SPN (projecting to the stellate ganglion) in the spinal cord. In addition, it was shown that PVN descending axons crossing to the contralateral side of the spinal cord were closely associated with retrogradely labelled SPN projecting to the superior cervical ganglion. Such findings suggest that descending pathways from the PVN may exhibit a direct influence on cardiac sympathetic outflow and may also influence the behaviour of the contralateral population of SPN projecting to the superior cervical ganglion.

Animals↗