Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SPERMATOCELE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Sonography of benign intrascrotal lesions.

Ultrasound plays an important role and adds essential information in diagnosing benign intrascrotal lesions. Characterization of benign intrascrotal lesions with sonography, in combination with clinical assessment, can lead to nonsurgical management or testicular sparing surgery. We present important sonographic features of benign intrascrotal lesions, including extratesticular lesions: adenomatoid tumors, papillary cystadenomas, spermatoceles, hydroceles, varicoceles, hernias; and intratesticular lesions: tunica albuginea cysts, testicular simple cysts, epidermoid cysts, tubular ectasia of the rete testis, intratesticular varicoceles, adrenal rest tumors, and splenogonadal fusion. The goal of this review is to provide the radiologist with a better understanding of benign lesions that occur in the scrotum.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

Long-term clinical outcome in patients with congenital chloride diarrhea.

OBJECTIVES: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of intestinal Cl/HCO3 exchange caused by mutations in the SLC26A3 gene and characterized by persistent Cl rich diarrhea from birth. Treatment is symptomatic and replacement therapy with NaCl and KCl has been shown to be effective in children, but the long-term prognosis remains unclear. We studied the largest known cohort of patients to evaluate the long-term outcome of CLD and to search for extraintestinal manifestations. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional clinical evaluation and retrospective analysis of medical history of 36 Finnish patients with CLD, born in the 1960s (n = 8), 1970s (n = 7) and 1980s (n = 21). RESULTS: Early diagnosis and aggressive salt replacement therapy were associated with normal growth and development, in addition to significantly reduced mortality rates among the groups of patients born in the different decades, respectively (P = 0.001). No deaths due to CLD were observed after 1972. Enuresis, slight soiling and hospitalizations for gastroenteritis were common, especially in childhood, but 92% of the patients found their health excellent or good. Complications documented were end-stage renal disease (n = 1) and hyperuricemia (n = 4), novel findings possibly associated with CLD being male subfertility (n = 3), spermatoceles (n = 3), intestinal inflammation (n = 2), inguinal hernias (n = 4) and increased concentrations of sweat Cl in 12% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: When early diagnosed and adequately treated, the long-term prognosis of CLD is favorable. A putative role of a primary anion exchange defect of SLC26A3 in male subfertility and the decline of renal function due to chronic dehydration deserve further characterization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Fine needle aspiration of epididymal nodules in Chandigarh, north India: an audit of 228 cases.

BACKGROUND: Epididymal nodules are not infrequently encountered in surgical practice. These are generally small and slippery and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is not easy. But as it is rapid and less traumatic than a biopsy, this is a favoured technique in the assessment of epididymal nodules. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the present study, all the cases of epididymal nodules aspirated from January 1998 to August 2004 were retrieved from the cytology files of the Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. RESULTS: A total of 228 cases were retrieved and divided as follows: tuberculous epididymitis 70 (30.7%), non-specific inflammation 10 (4.4%), microfilaria 2 (0.9%), hydrocele 26 (11.4%), spermatocele 42 (18.4%), spermatic granulomas 12 (5.3%), adenomatoid tumour 3 (1.3%), leiomyosarcoma 1 (0.4%) and lipoma 1 (0.4%). Thirty-six (15.8%) cases were labelled as benign aspirate not otherwise specified. FNAC material was inadequate for opinion in 22 (9.65%) cases and three (1.3%) cases revealed evidence of a haematoma. CONCLUSIONS: FNAC was useful in the diagnosis of 90.3% of cases, thereby avoiding surgical biopsy and other investigations. Therefore, FNAC has an important role in the differential diagnosis of epididymal nodules as it can detect malignancy and benign conditions such as tuberculosis and acute and chronic epididymo-orchitis.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed1990

Semen anomalies due to voiding defects of the ampullo-vesicular tract. Infertility due to ampullo-vesicular voiding defects.

Anatomical (congenital or postinflammatory) or functional anomalies of the uroseminal intersection can induce a voiding dysfunction of the deferential ampullae and seminal vesicles, leading to infertility. In case of azoospermia or OAT-syndrome with poor semen volume and decreased vesicular markers, some clinical history and examination data can cause suspect of one of such anomalies. The transrectal ultrasonographic findings of anechoic area(s) inside the prostate and/or seminal vesicle (even after recent ejaculation), the peculiar vasovesiculographic pictures (especially after ejaculation following the contrast medium injection into the vasa deferentia), plus the evaluation of the "deferential-ampullary sperm reserve", will permit a detailed diagnosis of the voiding dysfunction of the uroseminal crossing. A successful appropriate treatment of these pathologies can be done. Ultrasonically-guided transrectal puncture, or transurethral incision upstream of (or resection of) the ejaculatory duct orifices, or prolonged sexual abstinence, or artificial spermatocele of the vas deferens, or sperm recovering from urine for GIFT or IVF/ET after washing-out of the seminal tract by vas puncture are all methods, which can be selectively used depending on the individual case, to treat these forms of infertility. The authors present some paradigmatic clinical cases, and report that this pathology presumably occurs in up to 9% of non-selected infertile patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Clinical and pathological findings in testis, epididymis, deferens duct and prostate following vasectomy in a dog.

We report the case of a bilateral and multilocular spermatocele and sperm granuloma in a dog that was vasectomized 5 years before. Clinical examination revealed scrotal dermatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Orchiectomy was performed, and gross and histological examination showed testicular degeneration associated with epididymal sperm granuloma. In relation to this case, the literature about long-term effects of vasectomy in dogs has been reviewed. On the basis of these results, a preventive sonogram and physical assessment in prostate and other reproductive structures before vasectomy is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tubular ectasia of the rete testis.

Tubular ectasia of the rete testis is an uncommon entity that is usually discovered incidentally during ultrasound evaluation of epididymal abnormalities. The characteristic ultrasound appearance, its frequent association with spermatoceles and the lack of a palpable mass are the main features that permit identification of this entirely benign lesion.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

B-mode real time ultrasonographic imaging of the testis and epididymis of sheep and goats.

Ten male goats and five rams were examined from 11 and 15 weeks of age, respectively, for six months to study the ultrasonic appearance of normal testes and epididymides before and after puberty. Five adult rams with lesions of these organs were also examined. A portable, B-mode, real time scanner fitted with a 7.5 MHz, linear array transducer was used. The testis appeared as a homogeneous and moderately echogenic structure with a centrally located mediastinum testis represented by an hyperechogenic line in images taken in the longitudinal plane and by an almost circular spot in transverse images. The testicular capsule and skin were evident as a distinct hyperechogenic line encircling the testicular parenchyma. A thin non-echogenic layer of fluid, presumably between two layers of tunica vaginalis, was observed. The tail of the epididymis was more heterogeneous and less echogenic than the testis. The epididymal head was also less echogenic but homogeneous in texture, and the body of the epididymis was difficult to image. The pampiniform plexus was easily identified as numerous convoluted sonolucent tubular structures. The ultrasonic images of possible cases of epididymitis, spermatocele, testicular cyst and abscess and scrotal hernia are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Testicular radionuclide angiography and static imaging: anatomy, scintigraphic interpretation, and clinical indications.

Radionuclide testicular angiography and static imaging is an easy, rapidly performed study. Its usefulness in separating acute testicular torsion from acute epididymitis has been confirmed. Increased angiographic perfusion with definition of the testicular and deferential arteries in the spermatic cord and the pudendal artery posteriorly is equated with inflammation. Intense increased vascularity on the blood pool image is seen in abscess and acute inflammation, while cases of tumor and trauma have mild increases. Acute or missed testicular torsion, uncomplicated hydroceles, and spermatoceles show absent vascularity. On the static images, decreased activity is characteristic of the stage and location of the avascular structure, Technical factors are stressed.

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

Outcomes for surgical management of orchalgia in patients with identifiable intrascrotal lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The outcome of surgery for relief of orchalgia in patients with identifiable intrascrotal pathology is not well defined. We evaluated the success of commonly performed surgical procedure indicated for pain relief in patients with specific intrascrotal lesions. METHODS: Surgical cases performed for relief of painful scrotal pathology were reviewed, including ligation of internal spermatic vein, hydrocelectomy, spermatocelectomy, and orchiopexy for suspected intermittent torsion. Relief of pain as reported to the physician and time for return to full activity were determined. Pain relief was compared to a 50% placebo rate using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Eigthy-five of 151 patients (56%) undergoing surgery for pain relief had complete data and adequate follow-up for analysis. Of 40 patients who had ligation of the internal spermatic vein, 30 (75%) were relieved of pain (p = 0.037). All 19 patients with painful hydroceles and 16 of 17 (94%) with spermatoceles were relieved of pain (p < 0.001). Of 9 patients undergoing scrotal orchiopexy for suspected intermittent torsion, 8 (89%) were pain-free (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Surgical management of specific intrascrotal lesions is highly effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

High-frequency scrotal sonography.

High-frequency real-time sonography has enhanced accuracy in the diagnosis of scrotal abnormalities. Results of 48 scrotal scans of 92 testes are presented. There were 22 testicular lesions, nine seminomas, four embryonal cell carcinomas, one case of metastatic prostatic carcinoma, one benign "keratin cyst," three testicular infarcts, three atrophied testes, and one case of testicular torsion. Hypoechoic tumors and infarcts have a similar appearance. Extratesticular abnormalities included spermatoceles, varicoceles, epididymitis, hydroceles, and a scrotal hematoma. Sonography accurately distinguished between testicular and extratesticular masses in all cases in this series and pathologic correlations were obtained for all testicular masses. Simultaneous real-time contact scanning and palpation facilitated accurate diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

High-resolution real-time sonography of scrotal varicocele.

Real-time sonography of the scrotal veins was performed in 13 subjects with clinically obvious or small varicocele and in 10 normal controls. In normals, the vessels were 0.5-1.5 mm in caliber and a main draining vein up to 2 mm often was seen. In all varicoceles, numerous dilated, tortuous, branching vessels of uniform size were observed. Vessels of different lesions varied in caliber from 2 to 5 mm. Blood flow was seen in some normal vessels, and sluggish flow was observed in all varicoceles. The direction of visualized flow and the influence on flow of the upright position and Valsalva maneuver were shown with confidence only in large and medium-sized lesions. In these the findings were consistent with incompetence of the internal spermatic venous system. The cystic spaces in multiloculated spermatoceles or epididymal cysts varied more in size, were not tubular or branching, and no flow phenomenon was seen at high gain settings. Sonography provides an alternative to other noninvasive tests for detection of a small varicocele, especially in the infertile patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Inguinal herniorrhaphy and sperm-agglutinating antibodies in infertile men.

In 10 infertile men with sperm-agglutinating antibodies in serum and a history of inguinal herniorrhaphy the site of the previous operation was explored. Five of the men had an occlusion of the vas deferens and in three others spermatoceles were noted in the epididymis. The occlusion of the vas deferens was in the area of the previous herniorrhaphy. Infertility caused by the development of sperm antibodies may occasionally be a long-term consequence of inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1993

Sonographic follow-up of ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy for hydrocele.

Sclerotherapy has gained increasing popularity during the last few years as a treatment for hydrocele. Little is known of the natural course of intrascrotal changes, however, nor of their timetable after therapy. In the present trial scrotal ultrasonography was performed before the sclerotherapy and during the follow-up examination in the case of 70 symptomatic consecutive outpatients ranging in age from 19 to 85 years (mean, 58 years) with 71 hydroceles treated by ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy. Posttreatment sonographic findings typically included heterogeneously echogenic extratesticular masses, cystic areas with peritesticular hyperechoic lines, and a thickened scrotal wall. All the lesions showed improvement. Sonography proved to be useful for differentiating hydroceles from spermatoceles and for evaluating the need for a renewed treatment during follow-up. Ethanolamine oleate was effective as a sclerosant, as 86% of cases were cured or significantly improved. Complications were mild and uncommon, and no intratesticular or epididymal changes were observed. Ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy can be recommended as a treatment of choice for hydrocele.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical pathology of the scrotum. An analysis of a series of 56 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and the clinical and histopathological features of non-inflammatory scrotal lesions with special reference to the non-neoplastic lesions, which are the most common. METHODS: The cases of scrotal surgical pathology of the Hospital Nuestra Señora del Pino from 1988-1997 were reviewed. Skin biopsies for dermatological conditions, Fournier's gangrene, inflammatory-infectious lesions, hydroceles, lesions that could cause secondary involvement of the scrotal wall (e.g., spermatoceles) and invasive lesions from adjacent tumors were excluded from the study. RESULTS: 14 cases (4 neoplastic and 10 non-neoplastic lesions) were specifically analyzed. Of these 10 non-neoplastic lesions, 7 were epidermoid cysts (3 multiple) and 3 idiopathic calcinosis. The latter, which are discussed at length, presented in middle-aged patients (56, 45 and 42 years) as multiple nodules that had gradually appeared over several years (20 years in one of the cases) and had been invariably diagnosed as "sebaceous scrotal cysts". Their form of presentation and treatment are similar to those of true scrotal epidermoid cysts, with which they might be related. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the most common primary scrotal lesions were non-neoplastic and comprised two types whose pathogenic relationship has as yet not been elucidated: simple epidermoid or epidermal cysts (half of which were multiple lesions) and less frequently idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Torsion of the appendix testis].

The differential diagnosis of an acute scrotum includes spermatic cord torsion, torsion of a testicular appendage, torsion of spermatocele, epididymitis, orchitis, trauma, hernia, testicular segmental infraction and tumor. Among these, torsion of appendix testis could got dramatic improvement if accurately diagnosed and treated. 5 patients of torsion of appendix testis have been identified in our hospital in the recent 5 years. Ages ranged from 9 to 13 years old (mean age 11). The lesions were on the right side in 2 cases and left side in 3 cases. Duration of scrotal pain ranged from 2 to 7 days (mean of 4 days). The urine analyses were normal in all cases. The white blood counts were all within normal limits with mean of 5.72 x 10(3)/ul. No abnormality in passing urine or other infectious sign could be detected. Doppler ultrasonography or nuclear medicine testicular scan were performed selectively due to clinical availability. The result was equivocal and did not support a definite diagnosis. All 5 cases received surgical treatment. The necrotic testicular appendix was excised and reactive hydrocele treated. All the patients were discharged from the hospital the day after operation and recovered quickly. The pathological report revealed congestion and extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of the testicular appendix. Advances in technology have been helpful in improving the accuracy of diagnosis but technology is not infallible and an over reliance on it can also result in misdiagnosis. Various reports supporting the use of scrotal ultrasound in evaluating cases of acute scrotum pain. Ultrasonography has definitely helped in detecting scrotal pathology but its limitations need to be appreciated. Because of the difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis in acute scrotum, misdiagnosis and delayed operation offer result in disappointment of testis salvage rates. We have supported a policy of early scrotal exploration in any case suspicious of torsion of appendix testis.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Tubular ectasia of the rete testis: ultrasonography findings in 19 patients].

OBJECTIVE: The sonographic findings and associated etiological conditions in 19 patients with tubular ectasia of the rete testis are described. METHODS: 19 patients with tubular ectasia of the rete testis diagnosed by ultrasound over a two-year period are presented. Twenty-seven testes showed ectasia. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 59 years. US evaluation was performed with the 7-8 MHz multifrequency linear probe (Acuson 128, Mountain View, CA, USA). The patients were evaluated in the supine position and the scrotal content was examined in the sagittal and transverse planes. A color and pulsed Doppler study were performed in all the cases. RESULTS: 8 patients showed bilateral involvement, 7 had left and 4 right tubular ectasia. Other frequently associated findings were spermatocele (8 cases), cord cyst (6 cases) and varicocele (5 cases). Four patients had undergone scrotal surgery and one had a previous history of epididymitis. CONCLUSIONS: Tubular ectasia of the rete testis is an uncommon, benign condition that is usually associated with epididymal obstruction following trauma or infection in most of the cases. Diagnosis of tubular ectasia by US, in a correct clinical context, obviates the need to perform a biopsy and orchidectomy for its diagnosis in a vast majority of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Paratesticular tumor-like lesions.

The diverse non-neoplastic lesions that occur in the paratesticular region and may potentially mimic neoplasms are considered. These include some aspects of normal histology such as a cribriform pattern of the epididymis, bizarre nuclear atypia within epididymal epithelial cells and the presence of Leydig cells outside the testicular parenchyma. Inflammatory changes associated with a hydrocele and a variety of granulomatous and nongranulomatous infectious disorders may mimic a neoplasm on gross evaluation, but should be readily distinguished from them microscopically. This is also the case with malakoplakia and sarcoidosis, which rarely form a paratesticular mass. Other lesions considered are changes associated with vasculitis, the recently described entities inflammatory pseudotumor and fibromuscular hyperplasia and the well-known processes sperm granuloma, spermatocele, vasitis nodosa, fibrous pseudotumor, meconium periorchitis, mesothelial hyperplasia, the testicular tumor of the adrenogenital syndrome, sclerosing lipogranuloma, and splenic-gonadal fusion. Features that aid in the microscopic distinction of these lesions from neoplasms are emphasized.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

[Primary epididymal tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis of primary epididymal tumors. METHOD: In 23 primary epididymal tumors (22 benign and 1 malignant), 14 were adenomatoid tumors, 6 were leiomyomas, 1 was multiple fibrous pseudomonas and 1 was sclerosing hemangioma. Epididymal adenocarcinoma was seen in a 57-year-old man. RESULT: Epididymal tumors might be easily misdiagnosed as epididymal tuberculosis, chronic epididymis and spermatocele. Apart from certain benign clinical characteristics, benign epididymal tumors could be diagnosed by B-ultrasonography and aspiration biopsy. Most malignant tumors of epididymis presented as rapidly growing scrotal masses and cured by the removal of tumors or the whole epididymis of the same side. 19 of 22 cases were free from recurrence. CONCLUSION: Malignant epididymal tumors should be treated as malignant tumors of testis and their prognosis is extremely poor.

Adenocarcinoma↗