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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Brain activity of a rat reflects apparently the stimulation of acupuncture. A radioautography using 2-deoxyglucose.

To confirm a relationship between the central nervous system and the acupuncture, the response was examined in the rat brain using radioautography with tritiated 2-deoxyglucose, after stimulation of some acupoints. Eight groups, of a total of 27 rats were submitted to acupuncture at 6 different acupoints (Zusanli, Renzhong, Tianshu, Shenmen, Neiguan, Yongquan) and control, with or without electric pulses or with anesthesia respectively, prior to the injection with isotopic deoxyglucose. A hundred twenty cryosections were cut from a freshly frozen brain and exposed on single-coated X-ray films. The results showed that the acupuncture on the four acupoints of Zusanli, Tianshu, Shenmen and Neiguan enhanced the activity of the neocortex, the limbic cortex and the thalamic nuclei in comparison with the control group. The acupoints on Renzhong and Yongquan depressed the activity on the thalamic nuclei and the midbrain. The anesthesia with pentobarbital concealed the most activity on the whole area of the brain, which hardly responded to any stimulation of acupuncture. These results lead to the suggestion that the brain may reflect the signals by the stimulation of acupuncture and change the activity depending upon each acupoint.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1995

Study on nucleic acid synthesis in mouse retina and retinal pigment epithelium by radioautography.

The ocular tissues of ddY mice from embryonic 9 to postnatal day 14 were labelled in vitro with 3H-thymidine or 3H-uridine. After radioautography, the radioautographs were observed by light and electron microscopes. The labeling indices (L.I.) with 3H-thymidine or grain numbers with 3H-uridine were calculated and the area (microns 2) of cell organelles in both labelled and unlabelled retinal cell with 3H-thymidine were measured by image analysis. The L.I. of retinal cells were low in the beginning then increased and reached a peak at P3, while the L.I. of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) increased and reached a peak at P7. The L.I. of both retinal and PE cells disappeared at P14. However, the L.I. of anterior region were more than those of equaterial and posterior regions in both retinal and PE cells. The results of the image analysis showed that the average area of cell organelles, both labelled and unlabelled retinal cells decreased from E9 to P14. The grain numbers of retina labelled with 3H-uridine increased until P1 then decreased, while the numbers of RPE increased and reached a peak at P3 whereafter they declined. No significant differences were detected among the three regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Zonal variations of types II, IX and XI collagen mRNAs in rat epiphyseal cartilage chondrocytes: quantitative evaluation of in situ hybridization by image analysis of radioautography.

The spatial-temporal distribution of the mRNAs for type IX and type XI collagens were compared to that of type II collagen mRNA in the tibial epiphyseal plate cartilage of normal growing rats. The mRNAs were detected by in situ hybridization with radio-labelled specific probes and visualized by radioautography. The areas covered by the resulting silver grains were quantified by computer assisted image analysis. The areas in chondrocytes of each zone of the epiphyseal plate cartilage, which correspond to the stages of chondrocyte development and function were determined. Types II, IX and XI mRNAs were present to some extent in chondrocytes of all zones. The distributions of type II and type IX collagen mRNAs were similar with the highest concentrations in the proliferative zone, and the lowest in the resting and calcifying zones chondrocytes. In contrast, type XI collagen mRNA had a different distribution, with the lowest concentration in the resting zone chondrocytes and a significant decrease in the calcifying zone chondrocytes. These patterns correlates with the changes in chondrocyte function, and may reflect the roles of the type IX and type XI collagens. The data show that computer assisted image analysis of in situ hybridization radioautographic images is a precise, rapid tool for analysing differences in gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Recent progress in whole-body radioautography.

We review whole-body radioautography for water-soluble substances and its applications studied to date in our laboratory. To transfer the whole-body section onto a glass slide, Japanese paper was inserted between frozen block and adhesive tape before sectioning. Then the section was dried together with the paper and adhesive tape in a cryotome and applied onto the glass slide coated with a mixture of egg-albumin and glycerin. The whole-body section was transferred to slide and contacted with the film in vacuum. By using these techniques, we review the glucose and taurine metabolism, the glucose-6-phosphatase activity and the insulin receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Microchannel array detector for quantitative electronic radioautography.

The microchannel array detector provides direct electronic detection and real time imaging of radioactive tracers in samples that traditionally have been imaged by film radioautography. The technology of the detector is described, and the main benefits of this new technology, speed and precise quantitation, are illustrated with practical results. The instrument response to a 14C dilution series (range of 10(5)) was linear over the whole range. Results from the microchannel array detector are compared to results obtained with liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and densitometry of film radioautographs. Because the instrument response is linear and consistent from day to day, it is not necessary to routinely include calibration standards as is required for film. The 14C counting efficiency was found to be essentially constant for different tissues in a whole body microtome section. As with LSC, results reported as counts per min. (CPM) are independent of counting time. Quantitative results were obtained with assays for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in two min. and little as 0.2 DPM/mm2 of 32P was detected in seven min.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Observation on incorporation of 3H-taurine in mouse skeletal muscle cells by light and electron microscopic radioautography.

Taurine, one of the sulfur-containing amino acids, exist abundantly in the skeletal muscle tissues. The physiological function and ultrastructural cellular localization of taurine in the skeletal muscle cells are not clear. In this report, two experiments by radioautography were made to elucidate intracellular localization of this amino acid in the skeletal muscle cells. First, muscle tissue pieces obtained from normal and muscular dystrophy mice were cultured in a medium containing 3H-taurine and radioautographed. The number of silver grains appeared on muscle cells increased depending on the duration of the incubation time. Secondly, 3H-taurine was injected intraperitonealy in normal and muscular dystrophy mice. Then muscle specimens were fixed by two fixative procedures, one by a chemical fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and another by cryo-fixation. Silver grains appeared over muscle cells prepared with both procedures. Silver grains were localized on myofilaments, sarcoplasmic membranes, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endothelial cells of blood capillaries and the cells of perineural sheath, but did not appear on Golgi apparatus, nuclei of muscle cells or adipose cells by any procedures. No difference in localization of silver grains was observed between normal and muscular dystrophy mice.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1993

Endocytosis of transcobalamin in male rabbit germ cells: electron microscope radioautography study.

The binding of 125I-iodinated transcobalamin to a suspension of isolated rabbit germ cells was studied by Scatchard plot. The number of binding sites was evaluated to about 1000 per cell, and its association constant (Kass) in order of 14.6 l/nmole. The distribution to structures related to endocytosis was determined by ultrastructural histomorphometric studies. Both coated and uncoated structures were present regardless of maturation stage. The number of coated vesicles was at its highest in the initial maturation steps, whereas the number of uncoated vesicles was highest in the final maturation steps. The endocytosis of 125I-iodinated transcobalamin by the suspension of germ cells was studied by electron microscope radioautography. The tracer was mostly detected over the plasma membrane, coated vesicles and multivesicular bodies of germ cells. The grains were observed mainly over spermatocytes and round spermatids; 31.6% and 32% of these cells, respectively, were labeled. In contrast the tracer was detected in only 8.11% of elongated spermatids. In conclusion, iodinated transcobalamin is internalized in rabbit germ cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. This phenomenon was predominant in the early stages of germ cell maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Timely and topologically defined protein synthesis in the peri-implanting mouse endometrium revealed by light and electron microscopic radioautography.

Many efforts have been made to correlate the morphological and biochemical evidences with changes on physiological state of the uterus during activation of the implantation window. However, the exact mechanism involved in such a phenomenon remains to be determined. The present experiment used the radioautographic approach to determine whether, chronological and/or topological variations of proteins synthesis occur in the peri-implanting endometrium. Pregnant mice submitted to ovariectomy, received exogenous supply of nidatory estradiol. After 0 to 18 hrs. of time-lapsed estradiol effects, each animal received intraperitoneally, 1 hr. pulse 3H-leucine. The uterine fragments embedded in epoxy resin, were processed for light and electron microscope radioautography. The pattern of 3H-leucine incorporation in the luminal epithelium varied according to their relation with the blastocyst present in the uterine lumen. The highest incorporation ratio was seen in the epithelium just around the conceptus 6 hrs. after estradiol treatment, while in the cells localized at interimplantation site no peak of incorporation was seen. At ultrastructural level, cell organelles involved in protein synthesis were found to be labelled. Accumulation of silver grains occurred at apical portion of the epithelial cells showed accumulation of silver grains after 6 hrs. of estradiol treatment, but not on cell surface. The endometrial stromal cells localized around the blastocyst also showed a peak of 3H-leucine incorporation 6 hrs. after estradiol, but not in the cells localized at interimplantation sites. No increased labeling was seen on the components of extra-cellular matrix at ultrastructural level. The present radioautographic experiment showed that epithelial and stromal cells localized in the endometrium of implantation chamber, changed their pattern of protein synthesis under nidatory estradiol effects. This evidence suggests that the phenomenon of implantation window induced by estradiol, is not a systemic response of the whole pregnant endometrium. The activation involves only a specific population of the endometrial cells localized just around the conceptus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Study on the DNA synthesis of pulmonary cells in aging mice by light microscopic radioautography.

The DNA synthesis and morphological changes of the pulmonary cells of 11 groups of mice from fetal day 16 to 22 months after birth were studied by light microscopic radioautography after 3H-thymidine incorporation. A detailed investigation was first carried out to determine the localization and the frequency of 3H-thymidine incorporation with the age-related change of pulmonary cells in the mouse lung. The results showed that the DNA synthesis of pulmonary cells changed with aging. The examination of radioautograms demonstrated that the activity of DNA synthesis of type 1 epithelial cells was very low, which reached the peak on the third day after birth, decreased gradually with aging, and lost the ability from postnatal 6 months onwards. On the other hand, the labeling indices of type 2 epithelial, interstitial and endothelial cells were the highest on the fetal day 16, then fell down with the developing of the lung, but increased again on the third postnatal day, and decreased gradually with age. These data provided the evidence that the DNA synthesis of type 2 epithelial, interstitial and endothelial cells were the largest on fetal day 16, then decreased with the developing of the lung due to aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Study on DNA synthesis of aging mouse colon by light and electron microscopic radioautography.

Aging changes of DNA synthesis and of ultrastructure in mouse colon were analyzed by light and electron microscopic radioautography. The sites of 3H-thymidine uptake were identified in each layer of the colon. The highest labeling index (LI) of the epithelial cells was found at embryonic day 19; it decreased from neonatal day to 1 week and then remained on a constant value until 1 year. The LI's of the other layer cells were high at prenatal day 19, followed by a decrease with the development of the colon disappearing between 2 and 6 months after birth. The LI of the inner circular muscle layer was in every experimental age group higher than that of the outer longitudinal layer. The LI of vacuolated cells, high in the late embryonic and neonatal periods, decreased significantly between 3rd and 8th day and then remained unchanged until the old stage. The LI of the goblet cells showed a peak at prenatal day 19, decreased afterwards with time and disappeared 2 months after birth. The ultrastructural aspects showed that many silver grains located over the nuclei of the labelled cells which contained less cell organelles, in their cytoplasm as compared to unlabelled cells.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Age-related changes of RNA synthesis in the lungs of aging mice by light and electron microscopic radioautography.

The changes of RNA synthesis and morphology in the lungs of aging mice from fetal day 16 to 22 months after birth were investigated by means of light and electron microscopic radioautography after 3H-uridine incorporation. Eleven groups of mice, each consisting of 3 animals from embryo day 16 to newborn, weanling, adult and senescent were used. Lung tissues were labelled in vitro with 3H-uridine and fixed, embedded, sectioned and radioautographed. The localization and number of silver grains were analyzed. The radioautograms revealed that all types of pulmonary tissue cells were labelled. The number of silver grains in respective cell types indicating the RNA synthesis changed with aging. The activity of RNA synthesis of type 1 epithelial cells increased gradually from the first day after birth, reached a peak at 1 week after birth, then decreased with aging. The RNA synthesis of type 2 epithelial, interstitial and endothelial cells increased gradually from fetal day 16, reached the peaks at 1 week after birth, then diminished with the developing of the lung due to aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Development and DNA synthesis in the retina of chick embryo observed by light and electron microscopic radioautography.

The incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA was examined in the chick embryo retina in early development during the period of the optic vesicle formation (day 2) before the formation of the basic layers of retina (day 7) by means of light and electron microscopic radioautography. Labeling index with 3H-thymidine reached the maximum on day 2 and declined thereafter. The patterns of localization of labelled cells and average grain counts were compared in the anterior, equatorial and posterior regions of the retina. On day 2, more labelled cells were found in the posterior region than the other two regions of the retina. Most of the labelled cells were found in the outer portion of the retinal layer throughout the retina. On day 3, most labelled cells were found in the anterior region and decreased in the posterior one. On day 4, labelled cells dominated in the anterior and equatorial regions. In these two regions, more labelled cells were present in the outer portion of the retinal layer, while in the posterior region these cells were seen in the inner portion of the retinal layer.

Animals↗