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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Drunkenness-associated changes in the self-depictions of female alcoholics.

The sober self-, drunk self-, and ideal self-depictions of 144 female alcoholic outpatients were obtained by means of the Q-technique. Subjects' drunk self-depictions were found to be very different from their sober self-depictions. Contrary to conventional presumptions, the composite effect of these drunkenness-associated changes was to increase the already appreciable discrepancy that existed between subjects' sober self- and ideal self-depictions. Of six interpretable dimensions of sober self-dissatisfaction obtained from the present data--(1) Subjective Distress, (2) Arrogance, (3) Impracticality, (4) Negative Self-Regard, (5) Lack of Interpersonal Forthcomingness, and (6) Anomic Depression--subjects' drunk self-depictions evidenced an increase in self-dissatisfaction on all but the first.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Patient expectations and participation in a polydrug treatment program: a replicated field process study.

Substance abusers enrolled in a polydrug treatment program were administered Q sorts using items eliciting patients' attitudes toward types of treatment services as well as their counselor preferences and expected duration of treatment enrollment. An attempt was made to relate the patients' treatment expectations to their participation in the program service areas. Two independent patient samples (N = 72, N = 96) were surveyed over a 2-year period. Scales developed through factor analysis of the items sorted by the first sample generally replicated on the second sample. Significant differences were found for expectations and program participation between the two samples, but within-group relationships found in the first sample generally did not replicate on the second sample.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1976

Attitudes toward mentally retarded persons: effects of attitude referent specificity.

The effects of the specificity of the attitude referent on female adults' expressed attitudes were studied. Specifically, attitudes towards "mentally retarded person" referent were compared with attitudes toward mentally retarded referents who were described in terms of their severity of retardation and CA. Results indicated that expressed attitudes toward a nondescript mentally retarded person referent were generally intermediate in favorability between mildy and severely retarded person referents. The response format of the attitude questionnaire (e.g., Likert, forced-choice) was also found to affect attitude scores differentially as a function of the referent employed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Uneasiness with facet analysis: time for a reappraisal].

Although already several decades old, the facet analysis (also called facet theory) has not been able to assert itself in the field of psychology. Here the reasons for the widespread uneasiness with the facet analysis will be presented starting with an outline of the approach. This will make it clear that the facet analysis does not represent a research method in the narrower sense and definitely not a "theory" but a method with the status of a logical principle of thought. In experimental psychology this principle has been used successfully for a long time in the form of multifactorial experimental designs. However, multifactorial measurement designs are still few and far between in differential and diagnostic psychology. This can be explained especially by the fact that an important aspect of validity--the validity of construct differentiations--has been ignored. Because of a principle rejection of factor analytic methods, even the proponents of the facet analysis have overlooked the central contribution of their approach with respect to the validity of measurement methods.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients' control and the information imperative: clarification and confirmation.

This study is a replication and extension of research on the types of activities which contribute to patients' sense of control during their hospitalization. The original research involving two samples, each consisting of 30 medical-surgical patients in a military medical facility, revealed that in addition to being informed, patients found control through fulfilling the patient role, being involved in decision-making processes, and directing interpersonal and environmental interactions (Dennis, 1987). Through a similar use of Q-methodology, this sample of 30 adults, hospitalized with a greater diversity of medical-surgical diagnosis in a civilian medical center, demonstrated control-related perspectives that were similar to their military medical center counterparts. Information about diagnosis, treatment, and the lifestyle implications of the disease process was central to facilitating patients' sense of control. Data from the 90 subjects comprising all three subsamples across both studies were integrated through second-order factor analysis, a procedure unique to Q-methodology. This analysis clarified and confirmed four types of patient control orientations: patient role fulfillment, health care decision making, personal integrity preservation, and global self-determination.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

A quantitative evaluation of sex differences in implicit personality theories.

An investigation is conducted into whether male and female perceivers hold substantially different implicit theories of personality. 24 male and 24 female subjects were asked to sort a set of 36 trait names into groups of similar traits. On the basis of these data, proximities between trait names and proximities between groupings (or partitions) were computed and subjected to a differential statistical analysis. Neither a global test for sex-specific groupings of trait names nor tests at the level of perceived pairwise trait relationships yielded significant differences. It is concluded that aggregation of sorting data over both male and female perceivers is warranted without too big a loss of information. On the methodological side, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of a quantitative approach to handling the problem of data aggregation in the context of studies using the sorting method as a data-gathering technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Color preference and MMPI scores of alcohol and drug addicts.

Sixty-seven inpatients (12 women, 55 men) treated for alcohol and drug abuse were administered the MMPI and Luescher Color Test (LCT); as required by the test manual, the interpretations are based on a second LCT administration. Scores on Luescher's scales were unrelated to MMPI scores. The rank order of relative preference for each of the 8 LCT cards also was unrelated to MMPI scores. Older patients more often preferred brown and less often black. Female patients showed more preference for purple. The group of patients showed more preference for brown than a control group of 20 normal adults (3 women, 17 men) and also obtained higher (i.e., presumably more pathological) scores on Luescher's total score scale and compensation scale.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An objective method for forming diagnostic sub-groups of ulcer patients].

79 ulcer patients were arranged in 6 seb-groups by means of a Q-analysis. Relevant items of their self-images in the Giessen-Test selected through factor analysis were the basis of this sub-grouping. Description of the sub-groups was based on factor analysis of 5 dimensions and discriminance analysis of 3 dimensions obtained in the self-perceptions and self-images. The patient's view of his illness, his social status and his physical ailments were also included as dimensions of the 6 sub-groups. A clinically obtained typology of the characteristics of these sub-groups was checked and verified.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Children's understanding of adoption.

200 adopted and nonadopted children, ranging in age from 4 to 13 years, were interviewed about their understanding of adoption. Both open-ended interview and structured Q sort procedures were used. Results indicated clear developmental trends in children's knowledge of the nature of the adoptive family relationship, as well as the motivational basis underlying adoption. Relatively few differences were found, however, between adopted and nonadopted children's knowledge of adoption. Results are discussed within the general context of children's acquisition of social knowledge. Implications of the findings for adoption policy and practice also are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Alternative pathways to chronic depressive symptoms in young adults: gender differences in developmental trajectories.

Personality and intelligence associated with depressive symptoms in 23-year-olds were evaluated using prospective data from preschool through adolescence. Gender moderated the prospective relations between personality/intelligence and age-23 depressive symptoms. Young men with elevated age-23 General Behavior Inventory (GBI) scores manifested as early as in preschool allocentric behaviors: undersocialization and interpersonal antagonism. This pattern remained highly stable over the following 15 years. Prospective correlates of depressive symptoms in young women--not reliably identified until adolescence--were more likely than in young men to express autocentric concerns: oversocialization and introspective concern with self. These gender differences continued to persist but decreased in strength after puberty. Intellectual competence displayed significantly stronger negative correlations with age-23 GBI scores in males than in females. Findings were discussed in terms of gender differences in the development of chronic depressive symptoms, with special emphasis on equifinality in developmental pathways.

Adolescent↗