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Group psychotherapy experiences for people with multiple sclerosis and psychological support for families.

In this article we describe our experience of group psychotherapy for patients afflicted with multiple sclerosis in the care of the Centre of Multiple Sclerosis of the Don Gnocchi Foundation in Milan, and an experience of psychological support to the patients' families. Multiple sclerosis, with its disability, chronic and unforeseeable features, brings about a series of changes in the patient's life. Considering the youthful age during which the disease arises, patients are obliged to review their own life plans in their family, social and working circles and have to face living with the chronicity and the loss of their own autonomy. Group psychotherapy was qualified as a preferred ambit to express and to share individual problems. The disease also involves the family: relatives must revise certains plans and projects made before. Psychological support could help relatives not only with the emotional load following on from the disease so that they do not feel alone in the patient's everyday care, but also with their own emotional management, in order to give them a listening space also for their distresses and fears.

Adult↗

Headlock: psychotherapy of a patient with multiple neurological and psychiatric problems.

Psychodynamic psychiatrists seldom engage in psychotherapy with brain-injured patients because psychodynamic treatment typically depends on the patient's highly developed verbal skills, reflectiveness, tolerance of frustration, and capacity for abstract thinking and generalization--characteristics impaired by brain injury. The author describes the difficult but successful extended treatment of a young adult patient with preexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and personality disorders who had also abused alcohol and drugs and had suffered severe brain trauma. Treatment was characterized by a lengthy developmental process, the success of which depended on several factors, particularly the maintenance of the therapeutic alliance.

Adult↗

Incorporating hypnosis into the psychotherapy of patients with multiple personality disorder.

Psychotherapeutic treatment of persons with multiple personality disorder frequently includes judicious use of hypnosis. The author outlines widely accepted essential features of this form of treatment: developing self-soothing techniques, "mapping" the system of alternate personalities, facilitating communication between alters and with the therapist, managing abreaction, and--when possible and appropriate--aiding the process of fusion. The author shows how dissociative processes that originally were used for sheer psychic survival can be drawn on to improve psychological health.

Communication↗

Treatment of borderline patients in a multiple-treater setting.

For all the problems and challenges inherent in a multiple-treater setting, there are great advantages in being part of a treatment team. Colleagues provide a holding and containing function for each other in the treatment of these extraordinarily difficult patients. Marcus observed that "the problem with the sickest patients is that the affects are uncontainable by a single individual. The affects are more easily containable by the group, because at any one moment some members are not under direct threat and, therefore, can maintain an observing ego" (p 251). The different treatment relationships offer the borderline patient numerous opportunities to internalize new modes of object relatedness through the process of reintrojecting what they have projected into others. The cumulative effect of a group of caring professionals who are doing their best to process and understand what is happening can be highly therapeutic.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗