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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Characterization of fatal beta blocker ingestion: a review of the American Association of Poison Control Centers data from 1985 to 1995.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize beta blocker-related deaths. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of beta blocker-related exposure data and fatality case abstracts reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System during the 11 year period, 1985 to 1995. Historical and laboratory data were used to determine those fatalities which resulted primarily from beta blocker intoxication. RESULTS: Of 52,156 reported beta blocker exposures, 164 were fatal. In 38 cases, beta blockers were implicated as the primary cause of death. Propranolol was responsible for the greatest number of exposures (44%) and implicated as the cause of death in a disproportionately high percentage of fatalities (71%). Patients were generally young women; 63% were female and 92% were less than 50 years old. The dysrhythmias most often noted in fatal cases were bradycardia and asystole. Cardiopulmonary arrest did not develop until patients were in the care of health care personnel in 59% of cases. Though glucagon was initiated more often than any other intervention in fatal intoxications (83%), optimal dosing and maintenance infusions appear to have been underutilized. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of fatalities associated with propranolol compared to other beta blockers reflects both its greater frequency of use over the time period studied and its greater toxicity. Since 59% developed. cardiac arrest after reaching health care personnel, further study should focus on identifying medical intervention that can reduce mortality in this group.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Children's acetaminophen exposures reported to a regional poison control center.

PURPOSE: The patient characteristics, doses taken, and types of exposures in children with acetaminophen-related exposures reported to a regional poison control center (RPCC) were studied. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all acetaminophen exposures that occurred between October 31, 2000, and October 31, 2003, in children younger than 18 years who were managed by an RPCC. Children were grouped into three age categories: less than 6 years (group 1), 6-12 years (group 2), and 13-17 years (group 3). Data collected included patient demographics, drug details, type of exposure, time since exposure, exposure site, and caller site. RESULTS: There were 473 exposures to acetaminophen: 76% in group 1, 3% in group 2, and 21% in group 3. Sex was distributed equally among groups, except group 3 was 83% females. The majority of callers seeking information on acetaminophen ingestion in children younger than 12 years were family members (62%), whereas health professionals (61%) were the most common callers for children over 12 years. Unintentional ingestion was the most common type of exposure in group 1 (100%) and group 2 (93.7%). In group 3, intentional ingestions were more common (91%), with females representing far more of these exposures than males (87% versus 14%, respectively). Acetaminophen doses over 200 mg/kg were ingested by 47% of children in group 3. CONCLUSION: Most acetaminophen exposures reported to an RPCC occurred in children less than six years of age and were unintentional, whereas exposures in children over 12 years were more likely to be intentional overdoses.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1997

Antihistamine-containing cough/cold medications present a low hazard in pediatric accidental exposure incidents: analysis of Poison Control Center data.

We studied accidental exposure to pediatric cough/cold medications in children under 6-y-of-age to determine whether the presence of an antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) in the product increased the likelihood for adverse outcomes. General accidental exposure cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) during 1988-1992 were analyzed for specific over-the-counter cough/cold pediatric products containing identical concentrations of active ingredients except for the presence or absence of chlorpheniramine. These case reports were evaluated for differences in medical outcome, symptom assessment, management site and therapy, as coded by poison control centers participating in the AAPCC Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. A total of 10,289 cases of accidental exposures were evaluated for the specific products included in this analysis. While these cases represented a small percentage of total exposures to these products (approximately 3% of total cases in children under 6-y-of-age reported to the AAPCC for all cough/cold medications during 1988-1992), they provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of the antihistamine component of the formulation. This study demonstrated that the presence of chlorpheniramine did not affect the medical outcome or the extent to which symptoms were reported. Additionally, similar percentages of exposures for these 2 products were managed at the site of the incident, and required either no therapy or only required fluids and observation. There were no notable differences in the percentage of cases which involved more aggressive treatment procedures (activated charcoal, cathartic, lavage). This analysis demonstrates that over-the-counter cough/cold medications containing chlorpheniramine present low potential for hazard in cases of accidental ingestions in young children and do not show an increased likelihood for adverse outcomes of accidental exposures compared to cough/cold medications not containing this antihistamine.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Pattern of sildenafil calls to Texas poison control centers, 1998-2004.

Sildenafil, a popular medication approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, is often misused. This study sought to describe the patterns of sildenafil calls to poison control centers in Texas during 1998-2004. Data on all sildenafil calls reported to the Texas Poison Center Network were analyzed. There were 628 sildenafil calls, 36% of which were human exposures and 44% were drug identifications. The number of calls increased during 1998-2003 but leveled off in 2004. The sildenafil exposure was isolated in 70% of the human exposure calls and involved other substances in 30% of the calls. Nonisolated exposures were more likely than isolated exposures to be intentional, involve males, occur in adults, and involve more serious problems as reflected by higher rates of health care facility treatment usage and more severe medical outcomes. The most frequently reported clinical effects were dizziness, tachycardia, erythema, and drowsiness. Most sildenafil calls were for human exposures or drug identification. The characteristics of human exposures such as the exposure reason and medical outcome were dependent on the presence of other substances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of pediatric poisoning hazards: an analysis of 3.8 million exposure incidents. A report from the American Association of Poison Control Centers.

This analysis of life-threatening and fatal pediatric poisonings was conducted to aid poison prevention educational efforts, guide product reformulations and aversive agent use, reassess over-the-counter status for selected pharmaceuticals, and identify research areas for clinical advances in the treatment of pediatric poisonings. A hazard factor was devised to assess more objectively the pediatric poisoning hazard posed by pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical products. By considering the frequency and extent of injury following actual exposures, the hazard factor reflects more than the acute toxicity of individual ingredients and is also influenced by such variables as packaging, accessibility, availability (as a reflection of marketing), formulations, and closure types. Of the 3,810,405 exposures involving children younger than 6 years of age reported to poison centers in 1985 through 1989, 2117 patients experienced a major outcome (life-threatening effect or residual disability) and an additional 111 fatalities occurred. The three most commonly implicated substance categories, accounting for 30.4% of reported exposures, include cosmetics and personal care products, cleaning substances, and plants. All had low hazard factors, with significant hazards being limited to a small number of products identified herein. Thus this analysis of hazard factors demonstrates that frequent exposure does not imply toxicity. Iron supplements were the single most frequent cause of pediatric unintentional ingestion fatalities, accounting for 30.2% of reported pediatric pharmaceutical unintentional ingestion fatalities reported over an 8-year period. Antidepressants, cardiovascular medications, and methyl salicylate follow in frequency of pediatric pharmaceutical deaths. Hydrocarbons (including five lamp oil deaths) and pesticides were each implicated in 12 pediatric ingestion fatalities during the 8-year period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗