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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Experimental infusion phlebitis: tolerance pH of peripheral vein.

This study aims to determine the pH that peripheral veins can tolerate. Intravenous nutrient solutions with different pHs (from 4.52 to 6.71) were infused into rabbit ear veins, and the veins were examined histopathologically. After 6-hr infusion at 10 mL/kg/hr, a commercial 2.72% amino acid/7.5% glucose solution with electrolytes (AG) caused obvious phlebitic changes, such as loss of venous endothelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and perivascular edema, in all 6 rabbits because of its low pH (4.52) and high titratable acidity (22 mEq/L). The phlebitis was reduced when the solution was neutralized with NaOH to pH 5.93, and was almost eliminated when the pH was neutralized to 6.49. After 8-hr infusion at 15 mL/kg/hr, AG-adjusted pH to 6.30 caused slight phlebitic changes, but AG-adjusted pH to 6.71 scarcely caused any change. Furthermore, 24-hr infusion of the pH 6.49 solution caused no histopathological changes in 3 rabbits. These results suggest that the tolerance pH for the peripheral vein is about 6.5, and that an infusion solution does not cause phlebitis due to acidity if the pH is not lower than the tolerance pH.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Idiopathic colonic phlebitis with massive ascites.

We describe a 35-year-old woman with colonic phlebitis of unknown origin accompanied by effusion of serum protein into the peritoneal cavity. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed massive ascites and edematous wall thickness of the colon. Laboratory examination of the peritoneal fluid showed a high concentration of protein, probably due to nonselective efflux of serum protein. The main histopathological finding was extensive edema of the submucosa with vasculitis in the colon. This kind of phlebitis with massive ascites, but without systemic involvement, and with the ascitic fluid almost identical to the serum protein level, has not been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Necrotizing and giant cell granulomatous phlebitis of caecum and ascending colon.

A distinctive form of necrotizing and granulomatous phlebitis of a segment of large intestine is described in a previously healthy 36-year-old woman who presented with sudden severe abdominal pain and diarrhoea. At operation the caecum and ascending colon were oedematous and inflamed and right hemicolectomy was performed. Microscopically there was striking involvement of veins in all coats of the bowel ranging from recent fibrinoid necrosis of the whole vessel wall in the case of the caecum, to more chronic giant cell granulomas in parts of the vessel wall with partial or complete occlusion of the lumen in ascending colon. Arteries and lymphatics were entirely spared of these changes. The aitiology of this condition has not been elucidated but the histological appearances and site of involvement suggest an immunological reaction to material absorbed from the bowel. No evidence of food or other allergies or of infection has been obtained. The patient remains symptom free after 18 months. This form of phlebitis does not appear to have been previously described.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal phlebitis after LASIK.

PURPOSE: To report a case of retinal phlebitis with cystoid macular edema in both eyes 8 weeks after LASIK. METHODS: A 30-year-old woman underwent bilateral myopic LASIK. Eight weeks postoperatively, the patient experienced blurred vision in the left and right eyes. Fundus examination showed focal whitish patches in the parafoveal and juxtafoveal areas and lack of foveal reflex in both eyes. A diagnosis of retinal phlebitis with cystoid macular edema was made, which was treated with oral corticosteroids with tapering dose. RESULTS: Visual acuity returned to normal and the whitish fundus patches decreased in number and size in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons should be aware of potential risks and retinal complications associated with LASIK.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phlebitis and extravasation ("tissuing") with intravenous infusions.

It is suggested that failure of infusions because of phlebitis or extravasation usually results from irritation of the endothelium by the infusate, inducing venoconstriction. If such venoconstriction prevents flow, then pressure which builds up in the vein will enlarge the hole in its wall made by the needle or cannula and so allow extravasation of fluid. Alternatively, partial constriction will cause the endothelium to be perfused with undiluted infusate, and this will aggravate the irritation and lead to phlebitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histopathology and bacteriology of postinfusion phlebitis.

Veins from patients with postinfusion phlebitis showed three types of histopathologic changes--mild, moderate and severe. Severe change was usually associated with thrombus formation. Bacterial culture of tips of devices used in infusion yielded only 10% of positive cultures. This supports the view that postinfusion phlebitis is probably due to an irritating foreign body type reaction rather than infection.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2003

[Severe retinal phlebitis in ocular bartonellosis].

PURPOSE/METHODS: To report the clinical case of a 34-year-old male with atypical ophthalmic manifestations of cat-scratch disease (ocular bartonellosis), including an extensive retinal phlebitis, as well as the evolution of the clinical picture with treatment. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The clinical diagnosis of ocular bartonellosis was serologically confirmed. Oral treatment with ciprofloxacine healed the phlebitis and the neuroretinitis, with a residual optic disk pallor. This case exemplifies the diversitiy of ocular manifestations of this disease. The authors recommend considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of posterior uveitis in young patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of gastric adenocarcinoma associated with giant-cell phlebitis.

A 60-year-old male patient with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma was treated by subtotal gastrectomy with dissection of the regional lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the tumour revealed tubular adenocarcinoma which invaded the muscularis propria. There was no evidence of metastatic carcinoma in the dissected lymph nodes (pT2N0Mx). Granulomatous reaction comprising epithelioid cells and giant cells involved subserosal muscular veins, adjacent to the carcinoma tissue. Fibrinoid necrosis, with or without infiltration of eosinophils, was noted within the lumen of some veins. The acid-fast and fungal stains were negative. Remnants of parasites were not identified in serial sections of the paraffin blocks. No pulmonary disease was evident on radiographic or pulmonary examination. The presence of granulomatous destruction of muscular veins with sparing of arteries suggested the diagnosis of giant-cell phlebitis. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports regarding an association between giant-cell phlebitis and advanced gastric adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Phlebitis in peripheral catheters (I). Incidence and risk factors].

The type of pathology and the current therapeutic tendencies justify that endovenous therapy is the most frequently selected one. Although it has multiple advantages, it bears with it a series of infectious type complications (bacterial infections, phlebitis and thrombophlebitis). Even though bacterial infections in peripheral intravascular vessels have a low occurrence rate, which some authors list as between 1 and 2%, in central intravascular vessels, their occurrence is usually higher. Phlebitis is one of the complications most frequently associated with the use of peripheral intravascular catheters.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed2006

[Treatment applied to post-perfusion phlebitis].

During the physio-pathological process which causes phlebitis, a vesicular constriction and an aggregation of platelets occurs. Therefore, the authors believe that the application of a vesicular dilator such as nitroglycerine would alleviate the symptoms of post-perfusion phlebitis and would be an alternate treatment to the commonly utilized heparinized cream, about whose effectiveness in treating this medical problem virtually no documentation exists.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonics and directional Doppler. Study of superficial phlebitis of the lower extremities].

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonic methods: ultrasonography and Doppler C.W. in the diagnosis of superficial varicose phlebitis. Especially, measurement of the venous pressure (V.P.) at the posterior tibial (P.T.) and the greater saphenous vein (G.S.V.) in clino and orthostatism, have proved to be useful. In ten cases, one patient with a varicose in the thigh, was also found to have a femoral vein thrombosis secondary to a deep thrombus entering the junction. In conclusion, these non-invasive methods are advisable, especially in patients presenting a varicose phlebitis at the thigh.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Should phlebitis of the limbs be treated surgically (author's transl)].

Controversy persists between partisans of medical treatment and partisans of wide surgical indications. In iliocaval phlebitis, the authors defend surgery insofar as the operation is restorative, whilst remaining "reasoned" in terms of the lesions and the numerous factors involved. Experience of 90 cases of phlebitis treated over the past two years has shown that restoration may be obtained and maintained in more than half the number of cases and that prophylactic partial venous occlusion proved necessary in only 30% of cases. Absence of any deaths confirmed the value of this approach.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of the extension of iliac or iliocaval phlebitis. Value of tomodensitometry].

Before operating on a case of iliac or ilio-caval phlebitis with or without pulmonary embolism, three questions need to be asked about the condition of the inferior vena cava: is it involved? is there a local cause? where is the superior pole of the thrombus in relation to the renal veins? The study of 10 cases of recent phlebitis benefitting from phlebography and C.T. scan reveals the value of this investigation. In 7 cases the condition of the lumen of the inferior vena cava was defined and in the 3 cases in which it was thrombosed, the position of the thrombus in relation to the renal veins was visualised. In 2 cases, the inferior vena cava was laminated by an extrinsic compression which was defined by the C.T. In only one case was the vena cava not seen, due to the presence of a large collateral channel. The indications for C.T. scan should remain selective: cases where direct ilio-cavography is impossible and where descending cavography is undesirable or impossible.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Disposition of bisantrene in humans and rabbits: evidence for intravascular deposition of drug as a cause of phlebitis.

The investigational antitumor agent bisantrene (9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride) causes frequent local complications of phlebitis and thromboses in patients receiving the drug by peripheral venous infusion. Bisantrene pharmacokinetics was studied in five patients. Plasma elimination was biphasic with t1/2 alpha of 65 min and t1/2 beta of 1142 min; the mean apparent volumes of distribution of the central compartment and peripheral compartments were 185 and 1662 liters/sq m, suggesting extensive uptake, binding, or deposition of drug. Total body clearance was 735 ml/min/sq m, and 11.3% of drug was excreted in urine. One hr after bisantrene (260 mg/sq m) at 1 mg/ml in 5% dextrose was infused into the marginal ear vein of a rabbit, the vein was congested with blood and contained 2.1 mg precipitated bisantrene. After 24 hr, the vein was clotted and contained 1.18 mg precipitated drug. Precipitation of bisantrene appears to be related to the low solubility of the drug at physiological pH. Maximum solubility of bisantrene in human and rabbit serum was 12.7 micrograms/ml. Intravascular precipitation of bisantrene may be responsible for phlebitis and thromboses in humans receiving the drug by i.v. infusion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of inline filtration on postinfusion phlebitis.

The effect of inline i.v. filters on postinfusion phlebitis (PIP) and bacterial colonization of i.v. catheters was evaluated. The subjects of the prospective double-blind study were 195 men undergoing elective surgery. Polyethylene i.v. catheters of varying sizes were inserted the morning of surgery. Before catheterization, each site was shaved and cleansed with 1% povidone-iodine solution. In the experimental group, all i.v. fluids, additives, and medications were administered through a 0.22-micron micropore inline final filter. In the control group, no membrane filter was present in the filter housing. Drug and fluid therapy were determined by the physician, and flow rates were maintained at 40 ml/hr if not specified. Every 12 hours, sites were inspected and observations were graded according to criteria adapted from an earlier study. The incidence of phlebitis in the two groups was compared. At the termination of i.v. therapy, catheters were removed and cultured. The incidence of PIP in the experimental group (38/95) and the control group (39/100) was not significantly different. There were no differences between groups in variables possibly related to the occurrence of PIP, such as patient age, i.v. flow rate, catheter size, and use of potassium chloride i.v. additive. Of 141 i.v. catheters that were cultured, 25 yielded 10 or more colonies per plate; 21 were coagulase-negative staphylococci. Positive cultures occurred as frequently in patients without filters as in those with filters. No patient had clinical evidence of bacteremia. In these general surgical patients, inline filters did not affect the incidence of PIP or bacterial colonization of i.v. catheters. While the use of inline filters to prevent infusion of microorganisms deserves consideration, their routine use as a means of reducing PIP is unwarranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Retinal phlebitis associated with pregnancy.

Retinal phlebitis has been a difficult diagnostic problem for several years. Many cases are associated with specific systemic diseases, however, even with the advent of fluorescein angiography, many remain unknown. A case is reported of retinal phlebitis associated with pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effort phlebitis following slight injuries].

Sprain phlebitis may develop after slight traumatism. Anterior or concomitant lesions are almost always a contributory factor; these may be infectious, diathetic, anatomic or even hemodynamic, and produce vascular spasms originating in the sympathetic system. This explains why slight traumatism may cause sprain phlebitis.

Adult↗