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Results for “Persons with Psychiatric Disorders”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Psychiatric disorders in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy].

Mild personality problems have been described in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), but clinical practice shows that JME can be diagnosed in patients with more or less severe psychiatric disorders (PD). The presence in JME patients of personality disorders has been described repeatedly, but never quantified. We thus decided to evaluate, using the DSM IV, the current prevalence and types of PD in a large series of consecutive, newly referred patients with JME. Among 170 consecutive JME cases referred to two departments of epileptology (Marseilles and Nice) between 1981 and 1998 (66 males, 104 females; aged 11.7-70; mean+/-SD 32.4+/-10.4 follow-up 12.7+/-10 [0.5-52]), we found 45 patients (26.5p.100) with PD. According to the DSM IV, they could be classified as severe mental retardation (main diagnosis) (one case); pervasive developmental disorders (2 cases); tic disorder (1 case); enuresis (1 case); psychotic disorders (5 cases, including schizophrenia paranoid type (1 case), disorganized type (1 case), delusional disorder (1 case), unspecified (2 cases)); depressive disorders (3 cases); generalized anxiety (6 cases); anorexia nervosa (2 cases); personality disorders (24 cases, including borderline personality (11 cases), dependent personality (5 cases), histrionic personality (2 cases), obsessive-compulsive personality (1 case), not specified (5 cases)). Sudden unexplained death occurred in 2 cases (borderline personality and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, respectively) and death due to pneumonia in 1 cases (anorexia). Although uncommonly severe cases of JME may have been selected in our referral centers, it appears that JME may be associated with PD. Comparatively mild personality disorders are the most common finding, and may be part of the clinical picture to some extent, while severe PD are less common, and probably coincidental. The presence of PD does not exclude the diagnosis of JME, and PD may represent a further challenge in the comprehensive care of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Psychologic and social factors in low-back pain].

Psychological factors seem to play a major role in low-back pain, but unfortunately the definition of the so-called "functional" low-back pain is mainly negative, and the characteristics of its symptoms should be more precise. Disorders of personality and/or psychiatric disorders may be present, but they may be independent of the cause and presentation of the pain. One must therefore provide more details on the clinical picture for which the possible psychological disorders (depression, anxiety, pathomimicry, etc.) are held responsible. The alleged social factors seem to be due to an uncertain and not yet elucidated mechanism. Thus, a better methodological approach is needed in future, resting on validated diagnostic criteria of spinal and psychiatric diseases, in order to determine the role played by each organic, psychiatric and social element implicated in this complex pathology.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2002

Psychiatric ethics.

Psychiatric ethics spans several overlapping domains, including the guidelines for ethical research in psychiatry, the professional ethics required in the practice of psychiatry, and a broader set of moral and ethical problems and dilemmas distinctive to, or at least magnified by, the mental health care setting. Reviewed here are selected issues arising in the last two domains, some seemingly inevitable components of mental disorder and its cultural history and others resultant from recent changes and discoveries. Even as science explains and demystifies mental disorder, it is concluded, new ethical problems will continue to arise in psychiatry and certain recalcitrant problems will likely persist.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2004

Unsupported people.

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Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Beyond the black letter of the law: an empirical study of an individual judge's decision process for civil commitment hearings.

To study the role of parens patriae and "police powers" considerations in an individual judge's civil commitment decisions, the judge's reports of the impact of various characteristics of the patient were analyzed. The validity of this methodology was tested by comparing it to an alternative technique based on objective statistical analysis of the dependence of the judge's decisions upon patient characteristics. A probate court judge filled out a questionnaire after each civil commitment hearing over which he presided during a seven-month study. For each of 26 decisions, the judge rated the patient on 26 features and indicated the impact of each feature on the decision. The judge's responses were analyzed to measure the role of various statutory and nonstatutory considerations (expressed as patient characteristics) in the judge's decisions. Results using self-reported impacts are compared with an objective, statistical characterization of the judge's decision-making policy. As in previous studies, the parens patriae model more closely described the individual judge's decision process than the "police powers" model. Contextual variables (e.g., the patient's family favoring commitment) also were influential. Results with the two methods were similar. The methodology developed here can be used not only in further research on judicial commitment decisions but also to educate judges and other decision-makers individually faced with potentially tragic choices as to their personal implicit decision-making strategies.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1995

Violent attacks on public figures by persons suffering from psychiatric disorders. Their effect on the social distance towards the mentally ill.

In connection with two attempts on the lives of prominent politicians committed by mentally ill individuals during 1990 there occurred a marked increase in social distance towards the mentally ill among the German public. Even though the level of social distance subsided again during the 2 years following the attacks, it had not yet completely returned to its initial level by the end of 1992. The negative effects of these incidents on the attitude of the general public were able to be replicated on a regional level, after yet another violent attack by a mentally ill assailant in 1993, this time on the life of a famous female athlete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Protecting mental health research subjects without prohibiting progress.

Federal regulations governing the protection of human research subjects fail to specifically address research involving persons with mental illness. In 1990 the New York State Office of Mental Health issued regulations covering such research. The regulations are designed to respect the autonomy of psychiatric patients to make decisions about participation in research while protecting patients whose capacity to consent may be impaired. Patients who lack sufficient capacity may be included in research with the consent of a specified legally authorized surrogate if the facility's institutional review board determines that the research cannot be done without the participation of incapable subjects and it is considered likely to produce knowledge of overriding therapeutic importance for persons with the patients's condition or it has the possibility of directly benefiting the patient. In all cases involving more than minimal risk, the consent of the patient's treatment team must be obtained.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗