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Results for “Personality Assessment”

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PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI codes. Part II. MMPI code 27/72.

The relationship between the MMPI 27/72 code type and MCMI high point codes is examined for 228 psychiatric patients. MCMI high point codes that correspond highly with MMPI 27/72 code enable the clinician to identify three discrete personality subgroups entitled: Fearfully Dependent, Conforming-Dependent, and Ambivalently Dependent. The central features of each of these groups are described, and their clinical characteristics used as a basis for differentiating ambiguities and contradictory interpretations commonly given the MMPI 27/72 code type.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A pilot study of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in corrections: assessment of malingering, suicide risk, and aggression in male inmates.

Provision of mental health services to correctional populations places considerable demands on clinical staff to provide efficient and effective means to screen patients for severe mental disorders and other emergent conditions that necessitate immediate interventions. Among the highly problematic behaviors found in correctional settings are forms of acting out (e.g., suicide and aggression towards others) and response style (e.g., motivations to malinger). The current study examined the usefulness of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in assessing problematic behaviors in a corrections-based psychiatric hospital. As evidence of criterion related validity, selected PAI scales were compared to (a) evidence of malingering on the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), (b) suicidal threats and gestures, and (c) ratings of aggression on the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). In general, results supported the use of the PAI for the assessment of these problematic behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Personal assessments of life-event stress and the near future onset of psychological symptoms.

This report presents data on prospective associations of life-event measures with psychological symptoms. Two issues in particular are addressed, the one relating to the causal influence of life-events on symptom onset, and the other to the role of personal interpretations of life-event impact in this association. The latter issue derives from a consideration of the cognitive view of stress. Prospective associations did, indeed, emerge and were strongest where the individual was permitted to personally assess the impact of encountered life-events. Temporal patterns of association varied with the kinds of symptoms (anxiety of depression) used as the dependent variable.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Use of the Personality Assessment Inventory as an efficacious and cost-effective diagnostic tool for nonepileptic seizures.

Video electroencephalographic monitoring (VEEG) is considered the "gold standard" for making the differential diagnosis between epileptic seizures (ES) and nonepileptic seizures (NES), but is a costly, time-consuming procedure and not readily available in all communities. Of the various diagnostic techniques and measures that have been used, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has shown promise as an effective psychological screening tool to aid in the differential diagnosis of ES/NES. Using VEEG results as the outcome measure, this study examined the diagnostic effectiveness of the PAI in a group of adults with treatment-refractory seizures. Results indicated that, on psychological screening, patients with NES endorse significantly greater functional consequences of their seizure-like episodes than participants with ES. A "NES Indicator" score, calculated from the PAI Somatization subscales, provided a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 73% for the diagnosis of NES versus ES. The PAI appears to be a useful screening tool prior to hospital admission for VEEG.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Use of the SF-36 and other health-related quality of life measures to assess persons with disabilities.

This article evaluates the appropriateness of existing approaches to the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for persons with disabilities. We compare the conceptual model of HRQOL from the Medical Outcomes Study with the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. In addition, we examine the attitudes toward disease "burden" that arise from these 2 models. We note how values or the importance attached to domains of health can change with fluctuations in physical health. Further, we summarize arguments in favor of developing targeted measures of persons with disabilities. Finally, we discuss some methodologic issues in assessing physical functioning, attributions to health versus disability, and mode of administration. We conclude that users of "standard" HRQOL measures need to be aware of their limitations for assessing persons with disabilities.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

Men's self-assessed personal health resources: approaching patients' strong points in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore resource-oriented, gender-sensitive approaches in general practice by identifying what men perceive to be their personal health resources. METHODS: A key question was developed to invite men to tell their GPs about personal health resources during ordinary visits. The answers of 39 consecutive male patients (aged 19-84 years) visiting two female GPs were audio taped and analysed, qualitatively inspired by Giorgi's phenomenological approach, supported by theories on salutogenesis, patient-centredness and gender perspectives. The main outcome measures were personal qualities and strategies considered by men to be their health resources. RESULTS: Men considered that the following were personal health resources: optimism, good self-esteem, job satisfaction, ability to cope with stress at work, leisure activities and relaxation with friends producing energy, and fitness and lifestyle activities. CONCLUSION: A key question can give a doctor access to men's thoughts about their strong points. Self-assessed personal health resources can be identified and mobilized by the GP and support a salutogenic approach, which contrasts with the tendency of contemporary medical practice to focus on risk. Asking people about their own ideas may reveal that coping patterns are more complex than reflected in prevailing research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high-point profiles and MMPI codes, Part IV: MMPI 89/98.

This study shows that the addition of MCMI high-point code data to the MMPI 89/98 code type serves to resolve contradictory MMPI descriptors and produces three distinct clusters. These clusters include an interpersonally acting-out group, an interpersonally grandiose group, and an emotionally acting-out group. The results of this study lend further support to the efficacy of combining two objective assessment inventories for the purposes of multiaxial diagnosis as prescribed by the DSM-III.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Personality assessment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The present research was designed to assess several potentially important factors in the personality structure of a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) as compared to normal control children. Three questionnaires were administered to a group of 28 ADHD boys and to a control group of 83 boys: (1) The Locus of Control Scale for Children; (2) The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale; and (3) The Persistence Scale for Children. Results showed that the ADHD children had significantly higher external locus of control, were significantly less persistent, and reported an elevated level of "concentration/social worry" (an anxiety subscale). Such findings can help to clarify both the personality structure and the coping styles of the ADHD child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Martin Mayman's early memories technique: bridging the gap between personality assessment and psychotherapy.

In this article, we describe Martin Mayman's approach to early childhood memories as a projective technique, beginning with his scientific interest in learning theory, coupled with his interest in ego psychology and object relations theory. We describe Mayman's contributions to the use of the early memories technique to inform the psychotherapy process, tying assessment closely to psychotherapy and making assessment more useful in treatment. In this article, we describe a representative sample of research studies that demonstrate the reliability and validity of early memories, followed by case examples in which the early memories informed the therapy process, including issues of transference and countertransference.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Personality assessment of adolescents: an analysis of the Junior Self-Monitoring Scale.

The factor structure and reliability of Graziano, Musser, Leone, and Lautenschlager's 1987 Junior Self-monitoring Scale was examined using the responses of 1279 students in Grades 6 to 9. Analyses suggested that the scale contains two main factors which represent Concern for Social Appropriateness and Ability to Modify Self-presentation. We suggest using a 20-item version of the scale (rather than the original 24-item version) to provide increased reliability and that the scale may be more appropriate than the Adolescent Self-monitoring Scale by Pledger for use with younger children because it is easier to read and has abundant situational cues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Assessing personality traits of individuals with mental retardation.

Psychometric properties for a new instrument, the EZ-Personality Questionnaire designed to assess the functioning of students with cultural-familial mental retardation, are presented. The analysis of data from 661 participants yielded a 37-item, seven-scale instrument that confirmed the five hypothesized factors of Positive Reaction Tendency, Negative Reaction Tendency, Effectance Motivation, Expectancy of Success, and Outerdirectedness and identified two additional factors of Curiosity/Creativity and Obedience. Separate studies were conducted to establish the concurrent and construct validity of the instrument. Reliability was examined through split-half and test-retest analyses. All psychometric indices were within acceptable levels, resulting in an instrument with potential applications in research, education, and clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Character and personality assessment in physician recruiting.

The success of a medical group practice is dependent upon smooth communications between the group's physicians. By placing emphasis on compatibility during the hiring process, the administrator can improve his group's chances for success. Although it is impossible to reveal all potential problems beforehand, careful assessment of character and personality will lead to a more smoothly functioning clinic atmosphere.

Group Practice↗