[Use of prodigiozan and decaris in odontogenic abscesses and phlegmon].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Periodontal Abscess”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Blood protein and blood sedimentation studies in odontogenic abscesses. II].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alpha-Globulins↗
Systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of chronic periodontal diseases: a dilemma.
The use of systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of acute and chronic periodontal diseases must be viewed as a dilemma. On the one hand, the approach is attractive because of the microbial nature of periodontal diseases but, on the other hand, evidence of benefit of these agents is equivocal for the majority of periodontal diseases and antimicrobials have the potential to cause harm. The disadvantages of systemic antimicrobials can be grouped under the headings of allergic reactions, superinfection, toxicity, drug interactions, patient compliance and, perhaps of most widespread importance, bacterial resistance. Mechanical debridement methods, including drainage of pus for acute periodontal abscesses, should be considered the first line treatment for most periodontal diseases. Systemic antimicrobials should be considered as adjuncts to mechanical debridement methods and, in chronic disease, never used alone as they can predispose to abscess formation. Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials may be considered in acute disease where debridement or drainage of pus is difficult, where there is local spread or systemic upset. In chronic periodontal diseases, adjunctive antimicrobials should be considered in early onset or rapidly progressive disease or in advanced chronic adult disease where mechanical therapies have failed or surgery is not a preferred option. Inadequate oral hygiene and tobacco smoking are contraindications to the use of antimicrobials. The value of systemic antimicrobials, where other systemic risk factors co-exist, has still to be established. The role of microbial diagnosis and sensitivity testing for antimicrobial selection at this time must be questioned.
Adult↗
Familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: dental findings and histologic study of teeth.
A case of familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets or X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) accompanied by specific systemic and dental findings is reported. A 15-year-old boy with XLH visited our facility complaining of a toothache in the left lower canine region. Two other family members of the patient, his younger sister and their mother, also had XLH, whereas the other 2 members, his younger brother and father, are healthy. Those with XLH show systemic signs of the disease, such as growth retardation, limb deformity, and spinal curvature disorders; however, these symptoms are more severe in the patient than in the others. The patient had multiple periodontal abscesses, but no evidence of dental caries, trauma, or periodontal disease on the corresponding teeth at the time of his oral examination. A radiographic examination showed root dysplasia and enlarged pulp chambers.A histologic examination of an extracted third molar showed marked globular dentin and an increased predentin width. The abscess was thought to be caused by pulpal infection, which came from bacterial invasion through enamel cracks and dentinal microcleavage of the teeth. The treatments provided in this case are discussed.
Adolescent↗
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography contributes to the diagnosis and management of infections in patients with multiple myeloma: a study of 165 infectious episodes.
PURPOSE: Correctly identifying infection in cancer patients can be challenging. Limited data suggest that positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may be useful for diagnosing infection. To determine the role of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of infection in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 248 patients who had FDG-PET performed for MM staging or infection work-up revealing increased uptake at extramedullary sites and/or bones and joints that would be atypical for MM between October 2001 and May 2004 were reviewed to identify infections and evaluate FDG-PET contribution to patient outcome. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five infections were identified in 143 adults with MM. Infections involved the respiratory tract [99; pneumonia (93), sinusitis (six)], bone, joint and soft tissues [26; discitis (10), osteomyelitis (nine), septic arthritis (one), cellulitis (six)], vascular system [18; septic thrombophlebitis (nine), infection of implantable catheter (eight), septic emboli (one)], gastrointestinal tract [12; colitis (seven), abdominal abscess (three), and diverticulitis and esophagitis (one each)], and dentition [periodontal abscess (10)]. Infections were caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses. FDG-PET detected infection even in patients with severe neutropenia and lymphopenia (30 episodes). The FDG-PET findings identified infections not detectable by other methods (46 episodes), determined extent of infection (32 episodes), and led to modification of work-up and therapy (55 episodes). Twenty silent, but clinically relevant, infections were detected among patients undergoing staging FDG-PET. CONCLUSION: In patients with MM, FDG-PET is a useful tool for diagnosing and managing infections even in the setting of severe immunosuppression.
Adult↗
Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic and capnophilic bacteria isolated from odontogenic abscesses and rapidly progressive periodontitis.
In dentistry antimicrobials are used in the treatment of progressive periodontitis and odontogenic abscesses, therefore the susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics of capnophilic and anaerobic species causing these diseases should be investigated. The activity of penicillin, amoxycillin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin was investigated. One hundred and sixty four isolates from subgingival plaque samples of 66 patients with progressive periodontitis and 192 bacterial strains from pus of 74 patients with odontogenic abscesses were included in this study. The majority of species tested were gram-negative anaerobes (Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp.), and were highly susceptible to clindamycin and metronidazole. Nearly 6% of the periodontal isolates and 22% of the bacteria obtained from pus samples produced beta-lactamases. With the exception of the periodontopathogenic species Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens, clindamycin seemed to be a useful antibiotic and could be recommended for empirical antimicrobial treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Human lymphoproliferative reaction to food products. Possible role in periodontal inflammation.
Extracts of corn and some nuts were found to ubiquitously stimulate both adult and newborn cord blood lymphocytes to transform and produce a factor chemotactic for monocytes. This indicates that corn and nuts contain a mitogen and are potential stimulators of the cellular immune response. The exposure of lymphocytes to this mitogen in vivo might trigger a destructive inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues. These findings, therefore, suggest that foods such as corn and nuts may be responsible for some periodontal abscesses and may be contributing factors to the development of intrabony alveolar lesions and chronic periodontitis.
Cell Division↗
Botryomycosis: first report of human brain involvement.
A 57-year-old man, previously well except for dental caries and a history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, presented with marching right-sided motor seizures of sudden onset. Cerebral arteriography and scan demonstrated an avascular left frontal lobe mass. At operation, it was identified as an abscess and was totally excised. Histologically, granules resembling those seen in actinomycosis were demonstrated in the abscess wall, but special stains revealed gram-positive cocci in chains within and outside the granules. Fungal spores, mycelia, or branching filamentous structures were absent. Acid-fast stains were negative, and alpha-hemolytic streptococcus was recovered in pure culture from the abscess. While the patient was convalescing with penicillin therapy, a dental survey revealed the presence of periodontal abscesses which were drained by exodontia. Culture of the tooth sockets showed alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. The literature on this relatively rare bacterial disease which histologically resembles actinomycosis is reviewed.
Actinomycosis↗
Microbiology and treatment of dental abscesses and periodontal-endodontic lesions.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Actinomycosis↗
[Recurrent brain abscess caused by Nocardia asteroides in a patient with primary polycythaemia].
Nocardiosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is an uncommon disease, but its frequency has increased due to the high number of immunosuppressive treatments. People become infected by inhalation, direct traumatic cutaneous inoculation and eating contaminated food after a periodontal abscess. Lung localization is the most frequent one, being the origin of haematic dissemination, with a high incidence in skin, subcutaneous tissue and the CNS. The preference of Nocardia for the CNS is well-known. These abscesses are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, since they are associated to high mortality rates, specially in immunocompromised patients; the best therapeutic management remains unclear. In spite of the existing controversy with regard to the surgical management of these lesions, an early diagnosis through stereotactic aspiration and the beginning of an antimicrobial therapy are essential to the patients good evolution. This paper presents a patient with a primary polycythaemia and a recurrent brain abscess by Nocardia asteroides, probably of dental origin.
Adult↗
Periodontal diseases: microbiological considerations.
The location of plaque-associated gingivitis at the gingival portion of the tooth plays an essential role in its genesis. However, at times local and other host response modifying factors also have an influence. The pathogeny of periodontitis is more complex. The microorganisms that comprise subgingival plaque are capable of acting directly on periodontal tissues or of modifying the host response, whereas the participation of the plaque per se (normal, decreased, or increased) is as decisive as the action of the bacteria themselves in the emergence of the disease. Different types of periodontitis are associated with specific microorganisms. The most periodontopathogenic are A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythensis. Periodontitis as a whole, represent the source of complications such as root caries, endoperiodontal processes and periodontal abscesses. They are associated with various illnesses such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and respiratory infections, amongst others, as well as pathological oral halitosis. The different modalities of PCR are particularly important in the microbiological diagnosis of periodontitis, although on the negative side of things, it must be pointed out that in vitro sensitivity studies cannot be performed using this technique. First line antibiotic treatment of periodontitis includes amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, metronidazole (associated or not with amoxicillin) and clindamycin.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
Skeletal and dental pathology of free-ranging mountain gorillas.
The mountain gorillas of the central Virungas have been the subject of field study for the last 30 years; however, our understanding of morbidity and mortality in these apes is limited. This paper describes pathological conditions of the skeleton and dentition of these animals and evaluates lesions in relation to behavioral and environmental data. The skeletal remains of 31 mountain gorillas from the Karisoke Research Center were examined for enamel wear, carious lesions, abscesses, periodontal disease, antemortem tooth loss, trauma, inflammation, arthritis, neoplasia, and developmental anomalies. Two infants, three juveniles, 13 adult males, and 13 adult females form the sample. Enamel wear in the permanent posterior dentition is moderate. Six periapical abscesses were seen; three are associated with antemortem tooth breakage. No carious lesions were observed. Pronounced calculus buildup and alveolar resorption are the most notable pathological conditions of the dentition and affect all adult animals. The primary affliction of the skeleton is arthritis, which affects 14 animals. Vertebral degenerative disease predominates, but there is also temporomandibular joint involvement. Fractures occur at seven locations in the postcranium. In addition, there are five cranial injuries, including a fractured sagittal crest, and a penetrating wound to the vault, which is believed to result from a bite. Also thought to result from a bite is a case of cranial osteomyelitis. The only other inflammatory responses are two cases of idiopathic periostitis and one idiopathic lytic lesion. Button osteomas affect two animals and are the only neoplastic conditions observed. Two animals are afflicted by developmental abnormalities: one animal by idiopathic vertebral fusion and the other by spinal scoliosis.
Age Determination by Teeth↗
Periodontitis in a 13-year old: an illustration of a new periodontal classification.
This report describes a periodontal abscess and bone loss in a 13-year-old boy being treated as a patient in the Dental Benefit Scheme, a year after his entry to the Scheme. His condition illustrates well the rationale of a new classification for periodontitis. We suggest that periodontal screening is important so that instances such as this can be identified earlier; a small number of young patients require conventional, conservative periodontal treatment and ongoing monitoring of periodontal disease.
Adolescent↗
Update on human cytomegalovirus in destructive periodontal disease.
AIM: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a herpesvirus, is discussed in this review as it relates to destructive periodontal disease in humans. RESULTS: HCMV genomic sequences, detected by polymerase chain reaction identification, occur with elevated frequency in severe adult periodontitis, localized and generalized aggressive (juvenile) periodontitis, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome periodontitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and periodontal abscesses. DISCUSSION: Herpesviruses establish lifelong persistent infections. HCMV infection involves an asymptomatic latent phase interrupted by periods of recrudescence where viral replication and possibly clinical disease become manifest. HCMV reactivation is triggered by a number of immunosuppressive factors, some of which have been shown also to be risk factors/indicators of periodontitis. HCMV periodontal infection may cause release of tissue-destructive cytokines, overgrowth of pathogenic periodontal bacteria, and initiation of cytotoxic or immunopathologic events. CONCLUSIONS: A growing body of data supports the concept that HCMV contributes to severe types of periodontal disease. HCMV infection of the periodontium may alter the immune control of resident microorganisms and be important in a multistage pathogenesis of periodontitis involving viral activation, periodontopathic bacteria, and host immune responses. Understanding the significance of HCMV and other herpesviruses in the development of periodontal disease may have important therapeutic implications. Vaccines against HCMV, which are in various stages of development, need to be evaluated for their ability to decrease the incidence of destructive periodontal disease.
Animals↗
[Clinical use of tetracyclines in the treatment of periodontal diseases].
INTRODUCTION: There are a number of chemically different tetracycline homologues. The older group of tetracyclines, which was introduced in the 1950-60s, includes tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and demeclocycline. The newer group of tetracyclines includes doxycycline, methacycline and minocycline. PHARMACOKINETICS: Elevated concentration of tetracycline in gingival fluid with respect to blood levels was an unexpected phenomenon. Patients given 250 mg every 6 hours had average crevicular fluid concentrations between 4 to 8 g/ml and blood concentrations between 2 to 2.5 g/ml after 48 hours. The levels in crevicular fluid and blood of volunteers who received 250 mg every 12 hours were 2 to 4 g/ml and 0.3 to 1.4 g/ml respectively after 48 hours. The concentration of doxycycline in gingival fluid after administration of 200 mg/1st day and then 100 mg/day achieved average level of 6 g/ml. Minocycline, a semisynthetic derivate of tetracycline, has shown to yield gingival fluid levels 5 times as high as serum levels after administration of 100 mg every 12 hours. MECHANISMS OF ACTION: Tetracycline and its derivates demonstrate high in vitro activity against most periodontal bacteria, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Wolinella recta and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The study of in vitro susceptibility of these 6 bacterial strains showed that, in regard to blood level, minimal inhibitory concentration is higher and it is the concentration of the drug that can be expected in gingival fluid following oral administration of 100 mg per day (doxycycline) (Table 1). The anti-inflammatory effect of tetracyclines was demonstrated histologically not only by reducing the size of the infiltrated connective tissue, but qualitative changes were also observed. Golub and associates have presented evidence that tetracyclines inhibit collagenase activity in gingival fluid and in tissue cultures. Therapeutic concentrations of tetracycline inhibit chemotaxis, phagocytosis and random migration of neutrophils in vitro. ADVERSE EFFECTS: Great amounts of tetracyclines cause gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Tetracyclines suppress activity of the enzymes in the bowel and pancreas. During longlasting administration they can damage the liver and kidneys. Tetracyclines can cause photo-sensibilization. They make deposits with calcium in bones, specially during prenatal period and during growth, so they can cause permanent teeth discoloration and hypoplasia. INTERACTIONS: The most important interaction is with penicillin. These two kinds of antibiotics antagonize and decrease the therapeutic effect of each other, so their administration at the same time should be avoided. A significant interaction occurs between tetracyclines and metal ions. This interaction often has been observed in conjunction with use of various antacids. Tetracyclines can also influence the production and absorption of vitamin K. Nephrotoxicity has been reported when tetracyclines have been administrated in conjunction with methoxyflurane. INDICATIONS: Doxycycline, due to its advantages over tetracycline (Table 2), is indicated in treating destructive periodontal diseases including: juvenile periodontitis and refractory marginal periodontitis. Doxycycline therapy may be used for acute periodontal abscess and if the conditions are accompanied by general symptoms. Prophylactic application is recommended for implant placement procedures including membranes in guided tissue regeneration. RESULTS OF CLINICAL STUDY: ORAL APPLICATION: In spite of great number of published investigations this paper presents only the results of placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. There is evidence that therapy in localized juvenile periodontitis should eliminate Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, since 95% of patients harbored this bacteria. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Survival characteristics of periodontally-involved teeth: a 40-year study.
Four hundred and fifty-five teeth that were judged clinically to have a questionable prognosis were observed over a 40-year span in 166 patients in a private practice. Therapy initially was debridement with oral hygiene instruction, followed by flap curettage procedures and preventive maintenance recall therapy. An assessment of compliance based on oral hygiene and recall attendance was also performed. A total of 55 (12%) teeth were lost with an average survival rate of 8.8 years prior to extraction. No teeth were lost during the first 2 years of observation. The majority of extracted teeth were maxillary second molars (38.2%), followed by maxillary first molars (25.5%), and mandibular second molars (16.4%). Tooth loss patterns appeared to be bilaterally symmetrical, with 51% of teeth lost in the right quadrants and 49% lost in the left quadrants. Indications for extraction were primarily periodontal abscesses. Teeth that were considered to have a very questionable prognosis have been retained for many years after therapy, supportive treatment, and patient compliance with recall attendance.
Adult↗
Some considerations on the role of cementum in periodontal disease.
The protective role of cementum against root resorption is discussed in relation to buried teeth, orthodontic treatment, replantation and periodontal disease. The essential feature seems to be a layer of partially calcified precementum or vital cementoblasts. Root resorption close to the epithelial attachment, although not common, is probably the result of death of cementoblasts caused by irritants from bacterial plaque, and the presence of severe of prolonged inflammation. Cementum exposed in the pocket can be affected in different ways by these irritants, and rendered unacceptable for re-attachment to periodontal tissue. Successful re-attachment procedures involve either the removal of the affected cementum or its treatment with agents partially to decalcify such as acids, or detoxify by phenol for example. Examples of treatment embodying some of these principles are illustrated by two case histories of localised gingival recession and one of intra-bony pocketing associated with an acute lateral periodontal abscess. In this case a follow-up radiograph taken 16 years later is presented as evidence of the permanence of repair which can be achieved. Root resorption which often follows the use of fresh autogenous bone from the ilium is then discussed and the conclusion reached that the vital cells in the transplant discourage the migration of cementoblasts from the adjacent periodontium. The cementum and dentine thus remain unprotected and susceptible to resorption.
Dental Cementum↗