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PubMed1985

Analysis of trends in cancer mortality in Italy 1951-1978; the effects of age, period of birth, and period of death.

We describe trends in cancer mortality in Italy between 1951 and 1978 for 6 different sites (esophagus, lung, breast, cervix uteri, testis, and bladder) as well as all cancers. This is done using a statistical model which separates the contributions associated with age, period of birth and period of death. The results are related to equivalent analyses in England and Wales and also to trends in lifestyle in Italy (alcohol consumption, cigarette consumption, birth rates).

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Voluminous sucrose consumption in female rats: increased "nippiness" during periods of sucrose removal and possible oestrus periodicity.

In a two-bottle paradigm in which water and 10% sucrose water were always available, female rats drank about 200 cc of the sugar water (about 65 g of sucrose/kg) per day for 4 wk. There were no significant decreases in consumption over this time. In Exp. 2 female rats singly housed were given two bottles containing water for 1 wk. and then a bottle containing water and a bottle containing 15% sucrose for the next week for 6 wk. When sucrose was available, the rats ate 33% more rat chow. When sucrose was removed, the rats displayed more episodes of biting a stimulus when the food cubes were being removed for daily measurements. Some females exhibited a marked 4- to 5-day periodicity in sucrose (7.5%) consumption. The persistent and voluminous consumption of sucrose water and enhanced agonistic-like behavior during periods of withdrawal suggests the presence of a robust phenomenon with potential dinical applications to the challenge of addiction.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Bupropion SR reduces periodic limb movements associated with arousals from sleep in depressed patients with periodic limb movement disorder.

BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) may limit the tolerability of some antidepressant medications and interfere with treatment response. Given the role of dopamine in PLMD and the effects of bupropion sustained-release (SR) on central dopaminergic function, we hypothesized that bupropion SR would not be associated with antidepressant-induced PLMD. METHOD: In an expanded case-series design, we compared the effects of bupropion SR, after about 10 weeks of treatment, on measures of PLMD, depression, and sleep in 5 depressed (Research Diagnostic Criteria) patients who also met criteria for having pretreatment PLMD. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Patients were considered to have PLMD if polysomnographic recordings showed > 5 periodic limb movements/hour of sleep that were associated with arousals from sleep. RESULTS: Bupropion SR treatment was associated with a reduction in measures of PLMD and an improvement in depression. CONCLUSION: These results show that bupropion SR is not associated with antidepressant-induced PLMD. Rather, bupropion SR treatment reduces objective measures of PLMD in depressed patients with the disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Medicare program; schedule of limits on home health agency costs per visit for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1992; correction--HCFA. Notice with comment period; correction.

In the July 1, 1992 issue of the Federal Register (FR Doc. 92-15496) (57 FR 29410), we published a notice with comment period that set forth a revised schedule of limits on home health agency costs that may be paid under the Medicare program. The July 1, 1992 notice applies to cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1992. This notice corrects errors made in the July 1, 1992 document.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1997

Medicare program; schedule of limits on home health agency costs per visit for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1997--HCFA. Notice with comment period.

This notice sets fort a revised schedule of limits on home health agency costs that may be paid under the Medicare program for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1997. These limits replace the per visit limits that were set forth in our July 1, 1996 notice with comment period (61 FR 34344). This notice also responds to comments on the July 1, 1996 notice.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1998

Medical devices; review and revision of compliance policy guides and regulatory requirements for refurbishers, rebuilders, reconditioners, servicers and "as is" remarketers of medical devices; request for comments and information; extension of comment period--FDA. Advance notice of proposed rulemaking; extension of comment period.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is extending to June 29, 1998, the comment period for the advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) that appeared in the Federal Register of December 23, 1997 (62 FR 67011). This advance notice announced FDA's intention to review and, as needed, to revise compliance policy guides, amend regulatory requirements and, as appropriate, exercise alternative regulatory approaches regarding the remarketing of used medical devices. The agency is taking this action in response to two requests for extensions. This extension of comment period is intended to allow interested persons additional time to submit comments on the ANPRM.

Device Approval↗
PubMed1998

Medicare and Medicaid programs; hospital conditions of participation; provider agreements and supplier approval; extension of comment period--HCFA. Notice of extension of comment period for proposed rule.

This document extends the comment period for a proposed rule that generally would revise the hospital conditions of participation under Medicare and Medicaid, published in the Federal Register (62 FR 66726) on December 19, 1997. The comment period is extended 60 days for all provisions except the proposed new requirements relating to interactions between hospitals and organ procurement organizations, which are extended for an additional 14 days.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1998

Medicare program; update of ratesetting methodology, payment rates, payment policies, and the list of covered procedures for ambulatory surgical centers effective October 1, 1998; extension of comment period--HCFA. Notice of extension of comment period for proposed rule.

This notice extends the comment period for a proposed rule published in the Federal Register on June 12, 1998 (63 FR 32290). In that rule we proposed to: Update the criteria for determining which surgical procedures can be appropriately and safely performed in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC): Make additions to and deletions from the current list of Medicare covered ASC procedures based on the revised criteria; Rebase the ASC payment rates using cost, charge, and utilization data collected by a 1994 survey of ASCs; Refine the ratesetting methodology that was implemented by a final notice published on February 8, 1990 in the Federal Register; Require that ASC payment, coverage, and wage index updates be implemented annually on January 1 rather than having these updates occur randomly throughout the year; Reduce requlatory burden; and Make several technical policy changes. This proposed rule implements requirements of section 1833(i) (1) and (2) of the Social Security Act. The comment period is extended for 30 days.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1998

Medicare program; schedules of per-visit and per-beneficiary limitations on home health agency costs for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1998; correction--HCFA. Correction of notice with comment period.

In the August 11, 1998 issue of the Federal Register (63 FR 42912), we published a notice with comment period setting forth revised schedules of limitations on home health agency costs that may be paid under the Medicare program for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1998. This document corrects technical and typographical errors made in that document.

Budgets↗
PubMed1998

Medicare program; prospective payment system for hospital outpatient services; extension of comment period--HCFA. Notice of extension of comment period for proposed rule.

This notice extends the comment period for a proposed rule published in the Federal Register on September 8, 1998, (63 FR 47552). In that rule, as required by sections 4521, 4522, and 4523 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, we proposed to eliminate the formula-driven overpayment for certain outpatient hospital services, extend reductions in payment for costs of hospital outpatient services, and establish in regulations a prospective payment system for hospital outpatient services (and for Medicare Part B services furnished to inpatients who have no Part A coverage.) The comment period is extended for 60 days.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1998

Medicare program; update of ratesetting methodology, payment rates, payment policies, and the list of covered procedures for ambulatory surgical centers effective October 1, 1998; extension of comment period--HCFA. Notice of extension of comment period for proposed rule.

This notice extends the comment period for the third time on a proposed rule published in the Federal Register on June 12, 1998, (63 FR 32290). In that rule we proposed to make various changes, including changes to the ambulatory surgical center (ASC) payment methodology and the list of Medicare covered procedures. The comment period is extended for 60 days.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed2001

[A case of late-onset carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency, presenting periodic psychotic episodes coinciding with menstrual periods].

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency (CPSID) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting the first enzymatic step of urea cycle. We report clinical manifestations of a female case of late-onset CPSID in Japan. An 18-year-old girl was admitted to emergency room due to acute comatose state. Her parents had no apparent consanguineous history. She had suffered from intermittent psychotic episodes (excitation, aggressive behavior and insomnia) with nausea and vomiting from the age of 13, mostly coinciding with menstrual period. She had minor learning disability without major neurological deficits and convulsions. Her mental status was estimated as normal in her intermenstrual period. She had been diagnosed as having hysteria and premenstrual syndrome. Her neurological findings on admission showed deep coma and hypotonic tetraparesis. Plasma ammonia level was markedly elevated (684 micrograms/dl) without significant liver dysfunction. Blood urea nitrogen decreased to 6 mg/dl. Continuous venovenous filtration with subsequential administration of sodium benzoate and l-arginine was started to eliminate blood ammonia. Although the plasma ammonia level decreased to 300 mu/dl in next 10 hours, severe cerebral edema was observed in head computed tomography subsequently, followed by marked cerebral atrophy. Finally, her consciousness status became almost alert a month after the onset, but her mental status was severely retarded. CPSI activity of her biopsied liver markedly decreased and she was diagnosed as having CPS ID. CPSI cDNA analysis of her biopsied liver demonstrated a V1149G mutation. Genomic DNA analysis showed that she was heterozygous in V1149G mutation. The mutation allele was derived from her father. The causative factor for absence or very low level of maternal CPSI mRNA will require further analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Analyzing heart period signal for fetus and pregnant woman in perinatal period].

Analyzing the digital characteristics (chaotic and spectral features) of fetal and pregnant woman's heart period signal (HPS) can assess the autonomic nervous system function. Extracting and analyzing HPS of fetal and pregnant woman in perinatal period were realized by using the method of visual programming. The subjects were in supine position. Electrocardiography-signal (ECS) from the leads placed at symphysis pubic bone to inferior border of abdominal wall was acquired. ECS was preprocessed by wavelet filter. The sophisticated technique developed by our laboratory was used to analyze the digital characteristics of HPS. The system could be used to assess fetal and pregnant woman's autonomic nervous system function, furthermore, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous function could be evaluated respectively and quantificationally. The system also could be used to prognosticate fetal distress. The digital characteristics of fetal and other age groups' HPS, which vary with age, suggest the physiological process of development, mature and senility of autonomic nervous system; based on it, we could find the way of anti-senility. Some digital parameters of fetal HPS stand between those of newborn and adult, which may imply that fetal autonomic nervous regulation is influenced by mother's nerve and endocrine system.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Pathogenetical features of the acute period of traumatic disease. Traumatic shock as a special manifestation of the acute period].

Clinico-pathogenetical features of the acute period of trauma disease due to a severe combined injury were studied in 644 patients. An analysis of clinical indices was made in 428 of them, clinico-laboratory indices--in 216 patients. The results have shown that the main form of the acute period of the trauma disease are traumatic shock (62.8%), traumatic coma (18.3%), acute respiratory insufficiency (5.7%). Dramatically decreased delivery and consumption of oxygen lower than the metabolic requirements of the tissues accompany the traumatic shock which results in the suppression of tissue metabolism. Pronounced endotoxicosis developing along with the traumatic shock results not from the degree of injured tissues only, but from the centralization of blood circulation. It is also supported by the insufficient detoxicating function of the kidneys. A severe degree of the traumatic shock causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of the II-III degree. After helping out from shock the patient has normocoagulation or the I degree DIC. Traumatic shock with marked hypotension and metabolic acidosis is a significant factor of high risk of the development of acute lesion of the lungs.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Referrals for carotid surgery during the period 1977-1986. The referral pattern for patients with carotid stenosis in the catchment region of the University Hospital in Copenhagen, assessed during a 10-year period].

Although carotid endarterectomy has been carried out for over 30 years, there are as yet no investigations which prove the value of this form of treatment with certainty. Attitudes to carotid surgery also vary greatly. The authors have assessed this variation during the period 1977-1986 on the basis of the lists of patients admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery in the University Hospital. Patients from Funen and Jutland were excluded from the material because endarterectomy is also carried out in hospitals in these regions. A total of 720 patients from two extensive municipalities and six counties were admitted. During the period involved, increase in the number of referrals and also in the number of operations carried out occurred until 1984. After this, and in accordance with the global more restrictive attitudes, fewer patients were referred. Great regional variations were found as 8-10 as many patients per 100,000 inhabitants between 50 and 70 years were referred from the Municipality of Copenhagen as from the county which referred fewest patients. It is concluded that there are considerable differences in the treatment of patients with carotid stenosis within the catchment region of the University Hospital in Copenhagen.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Growth and development of the dental arch and alveolar ridge in the incisal segment from the late period of mixed dentition to the early period of permanent dentition].

The purpose of this study is to provide information on normal growth and development of the dental arch and alveolar ridge. Materials were longitudinal casts obtained from 38 children (male: 19, female: 19) with normal dentition. The casts were taken at 2-month intervals for the purpose of providing information on tooth emergence. Measurements for chronological age were taken from 11 years and 6 months to 13 years and 6 months. Measurements for dental age were taken during a period of 1 year before and 1 year after emergence of the permanent second molar. In addition to these dental age measurements, other measurements for dental age were made at each evaluation of dental arch length and basal dental arch length for a period of 1 year before and 1 year after emergence of the permanent second premolar. After a reference plane had been established and each cast had been standardized, a formcorder was used to trace 5 sagittal sections at the midline and at the region of the right and left central and lateral incisors. Growth and development of dental arch length, basal arch length, and alveolar width in both the maxilla and the mandible were measured on these 5 sagittal sections. Total dental arch length was taken to be the distance between the mesial surfaces of the permanent first molars and the labial surface of each incisor. Total basal arch length was taken to be the distance between the ridge of the posterior region of the basal arch and the most concave point of the labial basal arch. In addition to casts, lateral cephalometric films were used to measure, at ages 12, 13 and 14, changes in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of both the central incisors and the jaws and the long axes of the permanent central incisors. Results and conclusions 1. Mean growth in dental arch length 1) In the maxilla When growth was evaluated by chronological age, in 2 years, the total dental arch length decreased 1.0-1.2 mm in the region of the central incisors and 0.8-0.9 mm in the region of the lateral incisors. Evaluated by dental age based on the emergence of the permanent maxillary second premolar, up to 2 months before the emergence of that tooth, no notable changes occurred in the total dental arch length in the regions of both the central and lateral incisors. But a remarkable decrease of 0.9-1.1 mm took place thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

[The pre-ejection-period of the humen fetal heart: significance of base-line alterations in perinatal period].

The Pre-ejection period of the cardiac cycle, fetal heart rate and uterine contractions were monitored in a series of 115 unselected fetus sub partu. A new one-line technique permits a continuous registration of PEP patterns simultaneously with the CTG. Any change in base-line of the PEP war related to heart rate, acid-base-status and gestational age. The average value of PEP in fetus was 72,93 +/- 7,9 msec. The base-line of PEP increased paralelly with gestational age of fetus and decreased rapidly beyond normal values after the 41. week of gestation. Within normal values alterations in base-line of the PEP were negativly correlated to alterations in base-line of the heart rate. Abnormal high and low base-lines of the PEP were observed in fetal acidosis, hypoxemia, and in uteroplacental insufficiency. The prolonging or shortening of the PEP base-line seems to signalize an acute injury of the utero-feto-placental unit in perinatal period.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗