Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Peptococcus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Lactic acid-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of a steer adapted from hay feeding to a high-grain ration.

A mature, rumen-cannulated steer fed Coastal Bermuda grass hay for 8 weeks was adapted to a high-grain ration by stepwise increases in grain over a period of 4 weeks. The grain rations had concentrate-to-roughage ratios of 40:60, 70:30, and 85:15 and were fed for 10, 7, and 11 days, respectively. Numerical estimates of lactate-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of the steer the last 3 days each ration was fed were made by colony counts. Lactate-utilizing bacteria were identified as Megasphaera elsdenii, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Maximal numbers of lactate-utilizing bacteria were observed in the ruminal fluid of the steer during feeding the concentrate-to-roughage ration of 70:30.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Protein control of iron-sulfur cluster redox potentials.

The relationship between the three-dimensional structures of iron-sulfur proteins and the redox potentials of their iron-sulfur clusters is of fundamental importance. We report calculations of the redox potentials of the [Fe4S4(S-cys)4]-2/-3 couple in four crystallographically characterized proteins: Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I, Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxin, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus ferredoxin, and Chromatium vinosum high potential iron protein (HiPIP). Our calculations use the "protein dipoles Langevin dipoles" microscopic electrostatic model, which includes both protein and solvent water. The variations in calculated redox potentials are in excellent agreement with experimental data. In particular, our results confirm the important role of amide groups close to the cluster in separating the potential of C. vinosum HiPIP from those of the other three proteins. However, the potentials of these latter exhibit a substantial range despite extremely similar amide group environments of their clusters. Our results show that the potentials in these proteins are tuned in part by varying the access of solvent water to the neighborhood of the cluster. Our calculations provide the first successful quantitative modeling of the protein control of iron-sulfur cluster redox potentials.

Azotobacter vinelandii↗
PubMed1991

[Culture of anaerobic bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity test in ocular infectious diseases].

Anaerobes were isolated from 43.9% of 116 eyes with infectious diseases and 21.4% of 140 normal conjunctival sacs. The predominant anaerobes were peptococcus (28.6%) in the former and propionibacterium (53.3%) in the latter. In eyes with infection, only anaerobes were isolated from 27, and a mixture of anaerobes and aerobes in 24. The sensitivity of anaerobes (68 strains) to 10 antibiotics differed significantly from that of aerobes (102 strains). Most anaerobes are sensitive to chloramphenicol and cephaloridine, but not to aminoglycosides or polymyxin B. Therefore, when an ocular infection shows a negative aerobic culture, anaerobic infection should be suspected and chloramphenicol is indicated as first choice for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Direct assignment of the cysteinyl, the slowly exchangeable, and the aromatic ring 1H nuclear magnetic resonances in clostridial-type ferredoxins.

We have directly assigned the 1H NMR corresponding to the cysteinyl protons, the slowly exchangeable protons, and the aromatic ring protons in the 1H NMR spectrum of Clostridium acidi-urici ferredoxin by isotopic labeling and 13C NMR decoupling techniques. We also show that the resonance pattern in the 8- to 20-ppm (from 2,2-dimethyl-2-sialapentanesulfonic acid) region of the 1H NMR spectra of oxidized Clostridium acidi-urici, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium perfringens, and Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxins are very similar, and we assign the resonances in this region by analogy with the spectrum of C. acidi-urici ferredoxin. The 1H NMR spectra of the beta protons of the cysteinyl residues of these ferredoxins differ, however, from the 1H NMR spectra of equivalent beta protons of the methylene carbon atoms bonded via a sulfur atom to [4Fe-4S] clusters in synthetic inorganic analogues. In the spectra of the synthetic compounds, the beta protons appear as a single resonance shifted 10 ppm from its unbonded reference position. In the spectra of oxidized clostridial ferredoxins, the cysteinyl beta protons appear as a series of at least eight resolved resonances with shifts that range from 6 to 14 ppm, relative to the free amino acid resonance position. This difference in the spectra of the protein and the synthetic compounds probably results from the fact that the equivalent beta protons of the synthetic compounds are not constrained and are free to rotate and thus assume the same average orientation with respect to the [4Fe-4S] cluster. The shift pattern in the 9- to 14-ppm region is identical in three different clostridial ferredoxins. This suggests that the molecular environments of the corresponding cysteinyl residues are identical. Significant differences in the resonance positions occur, however, in the 14- to 18-ppm region, suggesting that the physical environments of these cysteinyl residues differ. This may reflect differences in the orientation of the corresponding cysteinyl residues relative to the [4Fe-4S] clusters or differences in charge density at the cysteinyl beta protons or both. The slowly exchangeable protons were identified by comparing the 1H NMR spectra of ferredoxins reconstituted in H2O and 2H2O. The remaining resonances in the 8- to 20-ppm region were assigned to each of the 2 tyrosyl residues in C. acidi-urici ferredoxin. This was done by comparing the 1H NMR spectra of C. acidi-urici [(3',5'-2H2)Tyr]ferredoxin and C. acidi-urici [PHE2]ferredoxin with that of C. acidi-urici native ferredoxin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative studies on progressive and superficial marginal periodontitis].

It was the objective of the present study to investigate the local inflammatory and immune response in patients with superficial (SMP) and progressive marginal periodontitis (PMP). In a preliminary study the distribution of macrophage subpopulations was analysed during experimental gingivitis using monoclonal antibodies. A significant increase in the number of inflammatory macrophages was observed during acute gingivitis. In the second part of the study, the distribution of the macrophage subpopulations, T-helper and -suppressor cells, B-lymphocytes and plasma cells as well as the total anaerobic microflora were determined during periodontal therapy. Before periodontal surgery PMP-patients demonstrated significantly more inflammatory macrophages and plasma cells and a significantly higher prevalence of Bacteroides gingivalis, Peptococcus species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The different local immune responses in PMP-patients might be caused by a distinct subgingival microflora, since no differences were observed in the number of the immunocompetent cells and the subgingival flora after successful periodontal treatment.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1979

Determination of cooperative interaction between clusters in Clostridium pasteurianum 2 (4Fe-4S) ferredoxin.

The effect of reducing one 4Fe-4S cluster in Clostridium pasteurianum 2 (4Fe-4S) ferredoxin on the reduction potential of the unreduced cluster has been investigated. While such an effect is suggested by both the x-ray structure of Peptococcus aerogenes 2 (4F-4S) ferredoxin and the polypeptide conformational change on reduction present in clostridial-type 2 (4Fe-4S) ferredoxins, present studies indicate that cluster-cluster cooperative interaction is not strong enough to be of functional importance in these proteins.

Clostridium↗
PubMed1988

Protein L. A novel bacterial cell wall protein with affinity for Ig L chains.

A novel Ig-binding protein has been isolated from the surface of bacteria belonging to the anaerobic species Peptococcus magnus. To solubilize the protein, peptococci were treated with different proteolytic enzymes (papain, pepsin, and trypsin) or with mutanolysin, a bacteriolytic agent known to digest the cell walls of streptococci. Papain, trypsin, and mutanolysin all solubilized peptides showing affinity for radiolabeled human IgG in Western blot analysis. Compared with papain and trypsin, mutanolysin liberated a more homogeneous material, which also had a higher m.w. This mutanolysin-solubilized protein (Mr 95 kDa) was obtained highly purified by a single isolation step on IgG-Sepharose, and the molecule was found to exhibit unique Ig-binding properties. Thus, in dot blots and in Western blots, human IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of IgG, and human kappa and lambda L chains all showed affinity for the protein. Moreover, the molecule also bound human IgM and IgA, whereas no binding was recorded for IgG-Fc fragments or IgG H chains. Finally, the protein bound to human polyclonal Ig L chains immobilized on polyacrylamide beads. These different data demonstrate that the isolated peptococcal protein binds Ig through L chain interaction. The name protein L is therefore suggested for this novel Ig-binding bacterial cell wall protein.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1987

[Activity of fusidic acid on strictly anaerobic bacteria].

Fusidic acid is a well known antimicrobial agent due to its narrow spectrum of activity against Gram positive bacteria and especially staphylococci. Therefore, it is after used preventively against bacterial infection in traumatology, but the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria is not well known. We have studied, the in vitro activity of sodium fusidate against 147 strains of anaerobic bacteria. This antibiotic has a moderate activity against Bacteroides, more significant against Clostridium, Peptococcus et Peptostreptococcus; it has no bactericidal activity. Clostridium difficile is different from other anaerobic bacteria because of its slow MIC and its MBC near to its MIC. Fusidic acid could be proposed for the treatment of pseudomembranous and antibiotic-associated colitis induced by Clostridium difficile.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1985

[Bacteriological study of cefminox in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new cephem antibiotic, was determined of its antibacterial activity against 304 clinical isolates with following results. CMNX was inferior to CEZ or CMZ in the activity against 78 isolates of Staphylococcus sp., but it was superior to these antibiotics in the activity against 104 isolates of E. coli. Against 53 isolates of Bacteroides sp., CMNX showed higher activity than CEZ or CMZ. In the activity against 69 isolates of Peptococcus sp. and Peptostreptococcus sp., CMNX was almost equal to CEZ.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1979

[Shunt glomerulonephritis: clinical and histopathological manifestations].

In patients with cerebrospinal fluid internal shunts, immune complex glomerulonephritis sometimes develops. Of two new cases the first was classic, while the second was in an adult who had had a ventriculoatril shunt for 8 years; furthermore, the patient had acute renal failure and is the first to have been reported to have Peptococcus septicemia. Shunt glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following: (a) its occurrence following, most often, Staphylococcus albus infection in a patient who usually has a ventriculoatrial shunt; (b) transitory improvement of the symptoms by antibiotherapy only; and (c) full recovery if the prosthesis is removed. Laboratory studies show a low serum concentration of the C3 component of complement, the presence of cryoglobulins and a positive rheumatoid factor test. These abnormalities are reversible with removal of the prosthesis. Optical microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen in the two cases showed cellular proliferation of the glomerular tuft, electron microscopy demonstrated subepithelial deposits and immunofluorescent studies revealed intramembranous and intramesangial immune complexes. These features are similar to those observed in experimental nephritis induced in animals by foreign protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anaerobic septic arthritis.

During a 3 1/2 year period anaerobic septic arthritis was diagnosed in 43 patients (46 joints). The hip and knee accounted for 83% of the infected joints. Anaerobic infections complicated elective musculoskeletal surgery in 23 patients, including 21 with total joint arthroplasties. An additional 12 patients developed septic arthritis following surgical treatment of traumatic injuries of an extremity. Gram-positive cocci were the anaerobes most commonly found in these two groups of surgical patients, accounting for 64% of the isolates; Peptococcus magnus was the most common organism. In contrast, gram-negative bacilli (especially Bacteroides fragilis) comprised 63% of the anaerobes isolated from eight patients with chronic debilitating diseases who had not had prior surgery. Only anaerobes were recovered from approximately half of all the patients with septic arthritis while mixed aerobic-anaerobic cultures accounted for the remainder. Adequate treatment required aggressive surgery and prolonged (minimum of three weeks) antimicrobial therapy. Infected total joint arthroplasties had to be removed. Loss of joint function occurred in six patients with posttraumatic infections when surgery was delayed or antimicrobials were inadequate. Outcome was poorest in the patients with chronic debilitating diseases, four of whom died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[In vitro activity of cefotaxime on anaerobes (author's transl)].

The comparative activity of cefotaxime, cefazolin, cefamandole and cefoxitin was studied on 80 strains of anaerobic bacterial species: 14 Clostridia, 60 Bacteroides fragilis, 6 Peptococcus. The new cephalosporins showed an increase in the in vitro activity against Bacteroides fragilis, but their efficacy was still inferior to that of the 5-nitro-imidazole derivatives.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Experimental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were performed in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were observed. T-1982 was determined for its in vitro activity against 180 recent clinical isolates in comparison with cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefazolin (CEZ). The activity of T-1982 was superior to that of CMZ against E. coli (101 strains) and B. fragilis (19 strains), and similar to that of CMZ and CEZ against Peptococcus (34 strains). High concentrations of T-1982 exceeding the MIC values against various bacteria were maintained for a few hours in the female genital organs and postoperative retroperitoneal exudate after intravenous drip infusion of 2 g. T-1982 was administered to a total of 6 patients in daily dose of 2 approximately 3 g for 2 approximately 10 days. The clinical results were excellent or good in 5 cases. Drug eruption was observed in 1 case. These results suggest that T-1982 is highly effective for the treatment of bacterial infections in this field.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1983

A study on heifer mastitis in Japan and its causative microorganisms.

Survey and bacteriological examination were conducted on heifer mastitis in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan over a period from 1976 to 1981. The disease occurred in heifers, mostly 13 to 18 months old, less than a half of which was pregnant in late summer or in August and September. Infection occurred predominantly in a front quarter than a rear one. Some microorganisms were isolated by the CO2 gas jet method from all the 74 secretions from the affected quarters of 67 heifers. Actinomyces pyogenes ( Corynebacterium pyogenes) was isolated from 49 secretions (66.2%), forty-six of which were involved in mixed infection with other microorganisms, including Peptococcus indolicus that was found in 41 secretions. Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from 13 secretions, from nine of which were obtained pure cultures. The microorganisms harbored in secretion were much more closely associated simultaneously with A. pyogenes and P. indolicus than with A. pyogenes alone or a combination of A. pyogenes and any other microorganism than P. indolicus . This is the first report that P. indolicus was isolated from heifer mastitis in Japan. The "score" used for the expression of quality of milk secretion seemed to be useful for the clinical diagnosis of heifer mastitis. The disease in Hokkaido may be etiologically identical with summer mastitis found in the northern European countries.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of a metronidazole disk test for the presumptive identification of anaerobes.

A total of 632 bacterial strains recovered under anaerobic conditions from clinical specimens were tested from their susceptibility to metronidazole by a disk diffusion test using 5 micrograms metronidazole disks. Three-hundred-fifty-five of the 632 bacterial strains exhibited susceptibility the metronidazole, and each was determined to be an obligate anaerobe. The remaining 277 isolates showed resistance to the 5 micrograms disk. Of these resistant strains, 257 were determined to be facultative anaerobes, while 20 (18 Propionibacterium acnes, one Peptostreptococcus sp., and one Peptococcus magnus) were identified as obligate anaerobes. Potential use of this disk diffusion test for identifying the anaerobic status of bacteria is discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

Isolation and significance of anaerobic bacteria isolated from cases of bovine mastitis.

The role of obligate anaerobic bacteria in the aetiology of mastitis of lactating dairy cows was investigated. Anaerobes were isolated from 12% of lactating mastitic cows, which were representative of 50% of the 10 dairy herds examined. Bacteroides fragilis was the most frequently isolated organism of (50%), followed by Peptococcus indolicus (33%), Eubacterium lentum (33%), E. aerofaciens (17%), Propionibacterium granulosum (17%) and an anaerobic Streptococcus sp. (17%). These obligate anaerobes were always isolated together with organisms classically involved in mastitis. It was possible to induce overt clinical mastitis in healthy lactating udders within 24 hours by infection with single pure cultures of anaerobes via the teat canal. All B. fragilis strains were resistant to penicillin G and tetracycline. In addition, one strain was also resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin and amoxicillin. Anaerobic gram positive cocci and bacilli were sensitive to most antibiotics. These findings imply an important role for anaerobes in the aetiology of mastitis.

Animals↗