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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Bone marrow response in cattle with chronic dermatitis caused by Psoroptes ovis.

Six Hereford heifer calves were infested with Psoroptes ovis and compared to six uninfested control calves. Infested calves developed severe exudative dermatitis which covered 100% of the body surface by 7 weeks after infestation. They developed moderate nonregenerative anemia, decreased numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and increased plasma protein and fibrinogen concentrations. Sternal marrow core biopsies taken 7 weeks after infestation were 75 to 90% cellular, while cores from uninfested calves were 10 to 20% cellular. Comparison of myelograms between the two groups of calves revealed increased M:E ratio, myelocyte and metamyelocyte hyperplasia with depletion of mature neutrophils and eosinophils in the P. ovis-infested calves. It was concluded that P. ovis-infested calves develop myeloid hyperplasia and that mange-related neutropenia is not due to bone marrow suppression by a mite or scab-associated toxin.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed2002

Host preference of the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis.

Sheep scab mites, Psoroptes ovis, collected from a Merino donor sheep, were used to infest Merino and Dorper sheep, and Angora and Boer goats. Mites were placed on the sheep on 1 or 2 occasions and on 5 occasions on the goats. All the animals were examined at regular intervals for the presence of scab lesions and living mites. Both sheep breeds developed lesions, but those on the Merino sheep were always larger than those on the Dorper sheep at the same intervals after infestation. None of the goats developed lesions or showed signs of irritation, or harboured any mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Psoroptic mange in a Wapiti.

In northern Idaho, a 10-year old wapiti(Cervus canadensis nelsoni) died showing signs of ataxia and alopecia. Examination of dermis revealed infestation with Psoroptes equi var. cervinus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra), a new host for Psoroptes cuniculi (Acari: Psoroptidae).

Information was requested on the cause of extensive lesions and death of a blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra). Psoroptes cuniculi, the ear mite of domestic rabbits, was identified as the cause of the lesions. Death of the antelope was attributed to a secondary bacterial infection. This is the first report of P. cuniculi on blackbuck antelope. The potential impact of these mites on blackbuck antelope and other exotics in Texas is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Control of Psoroptes cuniculi in captive white-tailed deer with ivermectin-treated corn.

Psoroptes cuniculi, the ear mite of domestic rabbits, was collected from captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). This is the first report of rabbit ear mite infestations in white-tailed deer in Oklahoma or Texas (USA). In addition to moderate infestations in their ears, two 4-yr-old bucks, two 3-yr-old does, and seven 4-yr-old does showed patchy areas of alopecia along the sides and brisket. Both bucks also had patchy areas of alopecia around the base of antlers. Ear mites were eradicated from all deer except from one doe by providing ivermectin-treated corn to the deer at a rate of 1,000 g (equivalent to 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin)/day/deer for several days. The ear mite infestation in the one doe was eradicated by intramuscularly injection with ivermectin at 400 mcg/kg. After treatment with the ivermectin and eradication of the mites, the alopecia improved and eventually was eliminated. The ivermectin-treated corn also controlled all internal nematode parasites in the deer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

On-host ecology and off-host survival of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis.

These studies were conducted to investigate the possible role of certain aspects of the on-host ecology and off-host survival of the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, in the dissemination of infestation. All developmental stages of the mite occurred in the fleece both proximally or distal to the skin of infested Merino and Dorper sheep. A larger proportion of mites was present in the fleece of Dorper sheep distal to the skin in the late afternoon and early morning than at other times during the day. Immature and adult mites readily transferred to tufts of wool or hair placed on infested sheep of both breeds. No mites could be found on wool or hair rubbed off onto tree trunks or branches or other structures in enclosures housing heavily infested sheep, nor could any mites be collected from the soil of these enclosures, whereas more than 80% of mites artificially seeded onto soil samples were recovered. The longest mean off-host survival times for larvae, nymphs, and male and ovigerous female mites were recorded at 10 degrees C, and were 9.25 days (RH = 90%), 15 days (RH = 33% and 75%), 10.5 days (RH = 75% and 90%) and 11.25 days (RH = 90%) respectively. Under natural climatic conditions ovigerous females in glass vials containing Merino wool survived for 17 days compared to 15 days for females in vials without wool; this difference was, however, not significant. The mean off-host pre-hatch period for eggs varied between 5.9 days (T = 25 degrees C and RH = 33%) and 22.1 days (T = 10 degrees C and RH = 75%), while the longest time individual eggs took to hatch at the latter temperature and RH was 31 days.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of the scab mite Psoroptes ovis on the haematology and live mass of Merino and Dorper sheep.

Five Merino and five Dorper sheep were artificially infested with the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis and the effect of infestation on their haematology, serum protein levels and live mass recorded for a period of 14 weeks. The reaction of the Merino sheep to infestation was more severe than that of the Dorper sheep. Haematological values fluctuated within the normal range during the assessment period. The mean haemoglobin concentration of the Merino sheep declined until antiparastic treatment was administered 10 weeks after infestation, after which it gradually increased. The lymphocyte counts of both breeds of sheep declined from 2 weeks to 10 weeks post-infestation, but increased after treatment, while the highest eosinophil counts were recorded in the Merino sheep at the height of the acute disease 8-10 weeks post-infestation. Serum albumin values for both breeds and serum globulin values for the Merino sheep were higher than normal during the entire 14-week observation period. A decrease in serum albumin and an increase in serum globulin concentration occurred at the height of infestation in both breeds. The mean live mass of a second group of five infested Merino sheep decreased by 6.4 kg over a 16-week period compared to a gain of 4.56 kg for five infested Dorper sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Aerobic and microaerophilic bacteria isolated from Psoroptes cuniculi.

The bacterial flora of Psoroptes cuniculi removed from nine naturally infested rabbits was investigated. Mites were collected in sterile glass tubes; half of the mites were surface sterilised, the others were not. All mites were crushed using sterile glass pestles, placed in Buffered Peptone Broth, smeared on to several culture media, by glass rods, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours, aerobically and/or in 5% CO2. Representative colonies were removed and streaked on to several selective media. Different colour changes of the selective media used, macro and microscopic morphology, ability to grow aerobically, Gram staining, and several biochemical tests evaluated with API test strips, were used for bacterial identification. Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and S. odorifera were the bacteria isolated from surface sterilised mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunization of rabbits with antigens from Psoroptes cuniculi, the rabbit scab mite.

Rabbits immunized with the whole body extract of Psoroptes cuniculi (Delafond, 1859) developed partial immunity to the infestation with this mite. These rabbits manifested P. cuniculi antigen-induced cell response and a high level of specific serum antibody after the immunization. Electrophoretic separation of the mite extract followed by immunostaining with various sera revealed differences between artificially immunized and naturally infested rabbits to most of the P. cuniculi antigens. However, the specific antibody pattern, that was developed by the immunized rabbits, was not changed after these rabbits were infested with the mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of ivermectin on the control of ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in naturally infested rabbits.

We examined the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in rabbits. The study involved 40 female and 35 male rabbits that were known to be naturally infested with ear mites. After a period of acclimation to the animal care facilities, the rabbits were ranked on the visual appearance of any ear lesion and the number of mites on glycerin-dipped ear swabs. The rabbits were then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups; vehicle only (group 1), 50 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight (group 2), 100 micrograms of ivermectin/kg (group 3) and 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg (group 4). The rabbits were treated by SC injections on day 0 and day 14 of the trial; thus, the total dose of ivermectin given to groups 1 through 4, was 0, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg, respectively. The study ended 2 weeks after the last treatment. Ear lesions of the treated rabbits improved significantly (P less than 0.001). By 28 days after the first treatment, the mean number of mites on the ear swabs (both ears) was 57.5 for untreated rabbits and 9.1, 0.5, and 2.5, respectively, for rabbits in groups 2, 3, and 4. The mean number of mites recovered from the ears of the untreated rabbits at necropsy was 24,297. For groups 2, 3, and 4, the mean number of mites recovered from the ears was 5,352, 96, and 96, respectively. The efficacy of treatment with a total dose of 100 micrograms/kg was 77.96%, with 200 micrograms/kg was 99.61%, and for 400 micrograms/kg was 99.61%.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Effect of ivermectin on the development of serum antibody activity in rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi (Acari: Psoroptidae).

Effect of ivermectin injected subcutaneously in a single dose on the serum specific antibody activity against. Psoroptes cuniculi antigens was studied on four heavily and three weakly P. cuniculi infested rabbits. It has been shown that ivermectin enhanced the production of the specific antibody, especially in weakly infested rabbits. The serum specific antibody activity in both heavily and weakly infested rabbits reached the peak levels on fifth after injection of ivermectin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Morphometric analysis of Psoroptes spp. mites from bighorn sheep, mule deer, cattle, and rabbits.

A morphometric study of Psoroptes spp. mites was conducted to address difficulties encountered in species identification and to provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships between mites found on different hosts. A discriminant analysis employing 9 morphologic characters revealed that the lengths of the outer opisthosomal setae and the lateral margins of the opisthosomal knobs were the 2 most important characters for grouping mites according to host species. This analysis clearly separated mites collected from allopatric populations of bighorn sheep, rabbits, and cattle into discrete groups. However, differences were not detected between mites collected from sympatric populations of infested mule deer and bighorn sheep, suggesting that these mites were not host specific and represented a single interbreeding population. Differences also were not detected among mites collected from the ears and body of bighorn sheep and rabbits, demonstrating that the location of mites on a given host should not be used as a primary criterion in species identification.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The feeding behaviour of Psoroptes spp. mites on rabbits and sheep.

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of the mouthparts of Psoroptes cuniculi from rabbits and P. ovis from sheep established that they are identical in morphology and are adapted for surface feeding rather than piercing the epidermis. Haemoglobin was found in both P. cuniculi and P. ovis on rabbits but not in P. ovis on sheep and it is concluded that the haemoglobin is derived from small haemorrhages on the surface of inflamed rabbit skin. This inflammation is caused by the deposition of antigenic material on the skin which is abraded by the mite mouthparts. The mites feed on the resulting exudate and on other surface material. An immunofluorescent assay revealed that the 2 mite species are antigenically similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of UV rays on parasitic arthropods. 3. In vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of a fractionated UV irradiation on the development stages of Psoroptes cuniculi (Acaridida: Psoroptidae)].

In vitro studies were conducted into Psoroptes (Ps.) cuniculi larvae and nymphs of undefined age and gender. 30 males and females were involved in each of the experiments. Evidence was found the life expectancy of mites exposed to daily UV irradiation for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 minutes was reduced with significance, as compared to non-irradiated mites or to those with only one irradiation of the same length. Developmental stages of Ps. cuniculi responded in differentiated ways to the same dose rate, when applied by one single extended or fractionated shorter irradiation. Fractionated irradiation was more often survived by females than one single extended irradiation, whereas earlier death occurred to larvae following exposure to fractionated irradiation. Mange mites were not eliminated from rabbits with moderate ear mange by fractionated locally delimited in vivo irradiation, up to 16 applications of 10 minutes each or 6 or 9 applications of 10, 20 or 40 minutes each, with one-week intervals in between. Ear mange was clinically re-manifested, after irradiations had been discontinued.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The protein pattern of Gasterophilus intestinalis larva (Diptera: Gasterophilidae), Psoroptes cuniculi and Chorioptes bovis (Acarida: Psoroptidae)].

SDS-PAGE and chromatography of the mange mites Chorioptes bovis and Psoroptes cuniculi and Gasterophilus intestinalis instars revealed a species and stage specific distribution of proteins. This specific protein pattern is responsible for an immune response depending on the course of the parasitic infection. Therefore, identification and isolation of the adequate antigens are necessary for diagnostic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been shown to detect antibodies in the circulation of sheep infected with Psoroptes ovis. Strong positive reactions were obtained from 19 sheep with four-month-old infections. No cross reaction was observed with sera obtained from sheep infected with either Fasciola hepatica, Nematodirus battus, Ostertagia circumcincta or Damalinia ovis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Systemic pathologic responses in experimental Psoroptes ovis infestation of Hereford calves.

Nine Hereford calves were infested with Psoroptes ovis and were allowed to develop clinical mange during a 9-week period. Blood, serum, and urine samples were obtained before and after calves were infested and were compared with those from 3 noninfested control calves. All calves were euthanatized and necropsied 9 weeks after they were infested. Gross and microscopic anatomic changes occurred only in the skin. Calves developed typical exudative dermatitis, the extent of which was dependent on population density of mites. Severely infested calves (50% to 70% of skin with dermatitis) developed a mild anemia and lymphopenia with marked neutropenia and variable eosinophilia. There were also increases in fibrinogen, gamma-globulin, and in vitro lymphocyte response to mitogen stimulation and decreases in anion gap cortisol, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, and fractional Na clearance values. The severity of many of the changes could be correlated with the extent of dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Dermatopathology and immunity in experimental Psoroptes ovis (Acari:Psoroptidae) infestation of naive and previously exposed Hereford cattle.

Naive and previously exposed young Hereford cattle were infested with Psoroptes ovis and maintained in stanchions for 7 weeks. Skin biopsy samples were examined at 1, 2, 5, and 7 weeks after infestation was induced, compared with those from noninfested control calves, and correlated with changes in the mite populations and development of dermatitis. Gross and microscopic appearance of lesions were qualitatively similar in both groups of infested calves. The lesions occurred early in the previously exposed calves, but progressed slowly, whereas lesions in the naive calves appeared later, but were rapidly progressive. The basic histopathologic pattern was chronic exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis compatible with allergy. The mite populations on the naive calves revealed exponential growth and high fecundity, and reached high population densities, whereas mite populations on previously exposed calves had low growth rates and low fecundity and reached population densities 100 to 1,000 times less than those on naive calves. Seemingly, there was a hypersensitivity to mite antigens. The hypersensitivity response may have been a mechanism by which humoral immunity was delivered to the mite microenvironment and may have contributed to acquired resistance by controlling mite populations. The mechanism of population control seems to be related partially to decreased fecundity of female P ovis.

Animals↗