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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Usefulness of lower ihfundibular length-to-diameter ratio as a predictor of lower pole stone clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; clinical research with two lithotriptors].

PURPOSE: Lower pole renal stones are well known to exhibit a poor stone clearance rate following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). In the present study, we analyzed several anatomical factors as predictors of lower pole stone clearance that may be used to indicate the usefulness and the universality of ESWL in such patients with two different lithotriptors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 93 patients with a unilateral single lower pole stone of 2 cm. or less underwent ESWL using Piezolith 2500 or Medstone STS, were included in the study. An IVP was used to determine the lower infundibulopelvic angle, the caliceal pelvic height, the lower infundibular length, the lower infundibular diameter, the lower infundibular length-to-diameter ratio and the number of lower pole minor calyces. Stone-free status was assessed by a plain film with or without renal ultrasound. RESULTS: The stone clearance rate at the Piezolith 2500 group was 53.1% (34 of 64 patients), while was 51.7% (15 of 29 patients) at the Medstone STS group. In all cases, the overall stone clearance rate was 52.7% (49 of 93 patients). Age, laterality of the stone burden within the kidney and stone size were not different between the stone-free and residual stone groups. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that length-to-diameter ratio was the most independent predictors of successful stone clearance at each group. The patients exhibited length-to-diameter ratio less than 7 achieved high stone clearance rates, greater than 72%. In contrast, the stone clearance rate was less than one third when length-to-diameter ratio was 7 or greater. Besides length-to-diameter ratio was strong prognostic factor in patients with stones 1 cm. or less and 1 to 2 cm at each group. CONCLUSION: From this study, it is apparent that successful ESWL is highly sensitive to the anatomy of the lower pole of the kidney. Especially, the lower infundibular length-to-diameter ratio is potentially useful and a universal predictor regardless of the kind of lithotriptors at least in patients with a lower pole radiopaque stone 2 cm. or less treated with ESWL.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Do histologic changes of the upper renal pole in double ectopic ureterocele justify a conservative approach?].

The aim of this study was to review the histology of the upper pole segment in patients with duplex ectopic ureterocele to verify if a less aggressive surgery is justified in the prenatally diagnosed patients. We reviewed the histology of the upper pole segment of 15 consecutive patients with duplex system ectopic ureterocele treated between 1991 and 1999 at the Paediatric Surgery Unit of University Hospital of Messina. The diagnosis of duplex system ectopic ureterocele was made according to the criteria of the Section on Urology of the American Academy of Paediatrics. The histology specimens were assessed for dysplastic, inflammatory and obstructive changes. All 15 patients with duplex system ectopic ureterocele were surgically treated with heminephro-ureterectomy and the surgical specimens were histologically examined. Nine of the 15 patients were prenatally diagnosed. The histology of the upper pole segment of the 9 prenatally diagnosed showed in all patients segmental renal microcystic dysplasia, chondroid metaplasic islands and an inflammatory tubulo-interstitial nephropathy in 6 patients (66.6%) and in 2 (22.2%) nephroblastomatosis. The histology of six the postnatal postnatally diagnosed patients showed in all patients segmental multicystic renal dysplasia, inflammatory tubulo-interstitial nephropathy and segmental parenchymal scars. The upper pole histology of the patients with duplex ectopic ureterocele diagnosed prenatally did not show any evidence of reversible histological change. Considering the histology and the good outcome of patients treated with upper pole nephroureterectomy a less aggressive surgery with preservation of the upper pole does not seem justified.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Lower pole ureteral obstruction secondary to fecal impaction in an 8-year-old girl.

An 8-year-old girl presented with frequent, nonfebrile, urinary tract infections and a lifelong history of severe constipation. Ultrasound revealed bilateral duplicated renal systems, severe right upper pole hydronephrosis, and moderate left lower pole hydronephrosis. Computerized tomographic scan revealed a large, fecal-impacted colon. Diuretic renogram showed high-grade obstruction (T1/2 >30 minutes) of the right upper pole and left lower pole moieties. After administering an aggressive bowel preparation, a repeat diuretic renogram was performed, which revealed resolution of the left lower pole obstruction. Constipation has long been established as a contributing factor to urinary tract infections in children. However, fecal impaction causing ureteral obstruction in a child has not been reported. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who had left lower pole ureteral obstruction secondary to fecal impaction.

Child↗
PubMed2002

The relationship among axial length, corneal curvature, and ocular fundus changes at the posterior pole and in the peripheral retina.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fundus findings in moderately to highly myopic eyes are more likely to occur in the posterior pole or peripheral retina and to describe the type and frequency of ocular fundus variations. METHODS: Patients qualified for inclusion if the refractive error was 6.00 D or greater of myopia or the axial length was 26 mm or greater Data collection included refractive correction, corneal curvature, axial length, and stereoscopic ocular fundus evaluation. RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 10 male patients and 36 eyes of 20 female patients met eligibility criteria. Mean age of all subjects was 36 +/- 15 years (range, 17 to 83 years). All eyes had best-corrected visual acuity of at least 20/25. Spherical equivalent refractive correction (SERC) was -8.07 +/- 2.11 diopters (range, -6.37 to -16.00) and -7.92 +/- 2.27 diopters (-5.50 to -16.00) for right and left eyes, respectively. Mean axial length was 26.39 +/- 1.14 mm (range, 24.27 to 30.02) and 26.36 +/- 1.26 mm (range, 24.41 to 30.67) for right and left eyes, respectively. Of 56 eyes examined, 25 (44.7%) exhibited only findings at the posterior pole alone; 13 eyes (23.2%) had no findings by our criteria; 12 eyes (21.4%) had findings in the periphery alone; and 6 eyes (10.7%) had posterior-pole and periphery findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that fundus findings in moderately to highly myopic eyes were more prevalent in the posterior pole alone versus the retinal periphery alone, or than those occurring in both the posterior pole and retinal periphery. This study also confirms that the most-prevalent posterior pole lesion is optic nerve head (ONH) crescent and the most-frequent peripheral retinal change is lattice degeneration. This information may be useful when evaluating and following patients with moderate-to-high degrees of myopia-especially after surgical refractive modification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Investigating temporal pole function by functional imaging.

Although the role of the temporal lobe especially its mesial part is becoming clearer, that of the temporal pole remains more mysterious. Temporal pole function can be investigated in various ways: by comparing anatomical and clinical data; through experiments in animals; and by using functional imaging techniques. Anatomo-clinical studies have suggested that the temporal pole is important in autobiographical memory; and studies in monkeys (conditioning and lesional experiments) have revealed a role for the temporal pole in a variety of functions, including taste and olfaction, face recognition, visual discrimination of two-dimensional pictures, and the mnemonic functions of matching and learning. Functional imaging techniques, whether based on positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), make it possible to observe the functioning of the temporal pole in vivo in both healthy control subjects and patients. Initially, this type of approach was simply used to confirm observations made in animals. More recently it has shed light on other functions, especially with respect to processes associated with linguistic integration, which underlie the ability to make lexical and semantic links between different words and make it possible to understand a story in a general way without prior specific knowledge. Studies of epileptic, demented and schizophrenic patients have revealed that abnormal patterns of temporal pole function are typical in all these conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Frequency of genes and blood groups of the systems, ABO, MN, Rh and P among the Belerussians and Poles of the Grodno region].

A distribution of the gene frequencies and blood groups of the ABO, Rh, NM and P system in the poles and the byelorussians inthe Grodno region is investigated. The following frequencies of genes in the byelorussians were revealed: r(O)--0,6210; P(A)--0,2451; Q(B)--0,1339; D--0,6093; D-9,3907; M-0,6063; N-0,3937; P(+)-0,4971; P(--)--0,5029; and in poles: r(O)--0,6284; p(A)--0,2353; q(B)--0,1363; D - 0,6065; d - 0,3935; M - 0,6093; N- 0,0397; P(+) -0,4966; P(-) -0,5034. No statistically reliable differences were revealed in frequencies of the alleles an d phenotypes of the investigated systems in the poles and byelorussians. By comparison of the same isoantigen systems of the byelorussians in the Grodno region with the common population of the byelorussians in the BSSR it was found that statistically significant differences do not exist. The comparison of the poles in the Grodno region withthe poles in the Polish People's Republic showed a statistically reliable difference of their genofunds in terms of the gene frequencies: r(O) , p(A), D, d, P(+), P(-). This confirms the hypothesis about an indigenous origin of the poles in the Grondno region.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

[Frequency of genes and blood groups of the systems ABO, MN, Rh and P of Belorussians and Poles in the Grodno region].

A distribution of the gene frequencies and blood groups of the ABO, Rh, NM and P system in the poles and the byelorussians in the Grodno region is investigated. The following frequencies of genes in the byelorussians were revealed: r(0)-0,6210; p(A)-0.2451; q(B)-0,1339; D-0,6093; d-0,3907; M-06063; N-0,3937; P(+)-0,4971; P(-)-0,5029; and in the poles: r(O)-0,6284; p(A)-0,2353; q(B)-0,1363; D-0,6065; d-0,3935; M-0,6093; N-0,397; P(+)-0,4966; P(-)-0,5034. No statistically reliable differences were revealed in frequencies of the alleles and phenotypes of the investigated systems in the poles and byelorussians. By comparison of the same isoantigen systems of the byelorussians in the Grodno region with common population of the byelorussians in the BSSR it was found that statistically significant differences do not exist. The comparison of the poles in the Grodno region with the poles in the Polish People's Republic showed a statistically reliable difference of their genofunds in terms of the gene frequencies: r(O), p(A), D, d, P(+), P(-). This confirms the hypothesis about an indigenous origin of the poles in the Grodno region.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

[Frequency of genes and blood groups of the ABO, MN, Rh and P systems among Belorussians and Poles in the Grodno region].

A distribution of the gene frequencies and blood groups of the ABO, Rh, NM and P system in the poles and the byelorussians in the Grodno region is investigated. The following frequencies of genes in the byelorussians were revealed: r(0)-0,6210; p(A)--0.2451; q(B)--0,1339; D--0,6093; d--0,3907; M--0,6063; N--0,3937; P(+)-- 0,4971; P(--)--0,5029; and in the poles: r(0)--0,6284; p(A)--0,2353; q(B)--0,1363; D--0,6065; d - 0,3935; M - 0,6093; N - 0,0397; P(+) - 0,4966; P(-) - 0,5034. No statistically reliable differences were revealed in frequencies of the alleles and phenotypes of the investigated systems in the poles and byelorussians. By comparison of the same isoantigen systems of the byelorussians in the Grodno region with the common population of the byelorussians in the BSSR it was found that statistically significant differences do not exist. The comparison of the poles in the Grodno region with the poles in the Polish People's Republic showed a statistically reliable difference of their genofunds in terms of the gene frequencies: r(0), p(A), D, d, P(+), P(-). This confirms the hypothesis about an indigenous origin of the poles in the Grodno region.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2005

[Haemostatic efficacy of a high intensity focused ultrasound applicator in lower pole partial nephrectomy in the pig].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the haemostatic property of a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applicator in lower pole partial nephrectomy in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An applicator with a flat HIFU transducer operating at a frequency of 3.78 MHz was designed. Nine female pigs weighing between 35 and 39 kg were used. The kidneys of 5 pigs were used to characterize basic lesions, study haemostatic efficacy and measure the temperature rise in treated tissues. The following 4 pigs were treated by HIFU prior to bilateral lower pole partial nephrectomy. Treatment consisted of circumferential juxtaposition of basic lesions in the lower pole with vascular clamping. Haemostatic efficacy was evaluated immediately and 30 minutes after lower pole resection. RESULTS: A 50-second ultrasound pulse with an intensity of 26 W/cm2 induced a full thickness lesion of the kidney, between 22 and 36 mm. Lesions were reproducible. The temperature rise observed in treated tissues was 62 +/- 12, 59 +/- 9 and 58 +/- 11 degrees C at distances of 15, 20 and 25 mm from the transducer, respectively. All lower pole partial nephrectomies were exsanguinated, except for one case (12.5%), in which a central renal artery was not controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Our HIFU applicator is an excellent haemostatic tool ensuring effective coagulation of the renal parenchyma, allowing dry lower pole partial nephrectomy. Improvement of the ergonomics of this applicator and adaptation to laparoscopy are currently under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Polar granules and pole cells in the embryo of Calliphora erythrocephala: ultrastructure and [3H]leucine labelling.

The polar granules in Calliphora undergo a gradual fragmentation during early cleavage, but reaggregate after pole-cell formation. Autoradiographic analysis showed that the pole cells in Calliphora acquire a higher [3H]leucine label than the rest of the embryo during the blastoderm stage. Such an increased label was not seen in the pole plasm before pole-cell formation or in the pole cells during gastrulation. Electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that the polar granules are substantially labelled during the blastoderm stage. At the same time, characteristic nuclear blebs appear in the pole cells. The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that polar granules contain maternal messenger RNA, which is released and translated into proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

NuMA is a component of an insoluble matrix at mitotic spindle poles.

NuMA associates with microtubule motors during mitosis to perform an essential role in organizing microtubule minus ends at spindle poles. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we show that NuMA is a component of an electron-dense material concentrated at both mitotic spindle poles in PtK1 cells and the core of microtubule asters formed through a centrosome-independent mechanism in cell-free mitotic extracts. This NuMA-containing material is distinct from the peri-centriolar material and forms a matrix that appears to anchor microtubule ends at the spindle pole. In stark contrast to conventional microtubule-associated proteins whose solubility is directly dependent on microtubules, we find that once NuMA is incorporated into this matrix either in vivo or in vitro, it becomes insoluble and this insolubility is no longer dependent on microtubules. NuMA is essential for the formation of this insoluble matrix at the core of mitotic asters assembled in vitro because the matrix is absent from mitotic asters assembled in a cell-free mitotic extract that is specifically depleted of NuMA. These physical properties are consistent with NuMA being a component of the putative mitotic spindle matrix in vertebrate cells. Furthermore, given that NuMA is essential for spindle pole organization in vertebrate systems, it is likely that this insoluble matrix plays an essential structural function in anchoring and/or stabilizing microtubule minus ends at spindle poles in mitotic cells.

Antigens, Nuclear↗
PubMed1991

A component of the interphase cytoskeleton is cyclically recruited into spindle poles during mitosis.

During the transition from interphase to mitosis, proteins are recruited into forming spindle poles [Leslie, Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 16:225-228, 1990]. Antibodies which recognize these recruited components clearly label spindle poles during mitosis but the location and character of such proteins during interphase remain a mystery. Competition assays using an antibody to a recruited spindle pole protein show that in its disperse form the spindle pole protein is a highly insoluble component of the cytoskeleton which is dispersed to such an extent during interphase that it is difficult to identify by immunolocalization. The function of recruited spindle pole proteins is unknown but the aggregation/dispersion cycle and the antigen are highly conserved, appearing in sea urchin embryos and tissue culture cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Specificity in the efferent projections of the nucleus accumbens in the rat: comparison of the rostral pole projection patterns with those of the core and shell.

The efferent connections of the rostral pole of the rat accumbens, where distinct core and shell subterritories can not be identified, were examined with the aid of the anterogradely transported plant lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), for comparison with the previously reported projection patterns of the accumbal core and shell. Injection sites and transported PHA-L were evaluated with the aid of reference to adjacent sections processed to display substance P or calbindin 28 kD immunoreactivities, i.e., markers that demonstrate the core and shell. Lateral parts of the rostral pole gave rise to a "core-like" projection system that involved the rostroventral globus pallidus, subcommissural ventral pallidum, entopeduncular nucleus and an adjacent part of the lateral hypothalamus, lateral ventral tegmental area, dorsal pars compacta, and structures in the lateral mesencephalic tegmentum and central grey. The medial part of the rostral pole gave rise to a "shell-like" innervation of the subcommissural ventral pallidum, lateral preoptic region, lateral hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, dorsalmost pars compacta, retrorubral field, lateral midbrain tegmentum, and central grey. In contrast to the large numbers of axon varicosities observed through the entire length of lateral hypothalamus following shell injections, dense accumulations of axon collaterals and varicosities in hypothalamus were limited to the levels of origin of the stria medullaris bundle and entopeduncular nucleus and to the posterlateral region following medial injections. The medial part of the rostral pole contributed some projections to preoptic and sublenticular regions, but not to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Noteworthy concentrations of calbindin immunoreactive cells observed in the lateral rostral pole correlate with the origin of the "basal ganglia-like" projection system, provoking the speculation that ventral striatal calbindin immunoreactive cells contribute principally to basal ganglia-like projections while cells lacking calbindin immunoreactivity contribute to the innervation of hypothalamus and midbrain tegmentum.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pole cap formation in Escherichia coli following induction of the maltose-binding protein.

After induction with maltose, 30--40% of the total protein in the osmotic shock fluid consist of maltose-binding protein while the induction ratio (maltose versus glycerol grown cells) for the amount of binding protein synthesized as well as for maltose transport is in the order of 10. Induction of maltose transport does not occur during all times of the cell cycle, but only shortly before cell division. Electronmicroscopic analysis of cells grown logarithmically on glycerol or maltose revealed in the latter the formation of large pole caps. These pole caps arise from an enlargement of the periplasmic space. Small cells contain one pole cap, large cells contain two. Pulse label studies with strain BUG-6, a mutant that is temperature sensitive for cell division reveal the following: Growth at the non-permissive temperature prevents maltose-binding protein synthesis and formation of new transport capacity. After shifting to the permissive temperature the cells regain both functions. Simultaneously, the newly formed cells exhibit pole caps. We conclude that the induction of maltose-binding protein is responsible for the formation of pole caps. In addition, beside the presence of inducer, cell cycle events occuring during division are necessary for the synthesis of maltose-binding protein.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed2002

Can histologic changes of the upper pole justify a conservative approach in neonatal duplex ectopic ureterocele?

The aim of this study was to review the histology of the upper-pole segment in patients with duplex-system ectopic ureterocele (DEU) to determine if less aggressive surgery is justified in prenatally-diagnosed cases. The study included 15 consecutive patients with DEU treated between 1991 and 1999. The diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the Section on Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The histology specimens were assessed for dysplastic, inflammatory, and obstructive changes. All 15 patients were surgically treated by heminephro-ureterectomy and the surgical specimens were histologically examined. Nine cases were diagnosed prenatally; the histology of the upper-pole segment in these patients showed segmental renal microcystic dysplasia, chondroid metaplasic islands, and an inflammatory tubulointerstitial nephropathy in 6 (66.6%) and nephroblastomatosis in 2 (22.2%). The histology of the 6 postnatally-diagnosed patients showed segmental multicystic renal dysplasia, inflammatory tubulo-interstitial nephropathy, and segmental parenchymal scars. The upper-pole histology of the prenatally-diagnosed patients did not show any evidence of reversible histologic changes. Considering this findings and the good outcome of patients treated with upper-pole nephroureterectomy, less aggressive surgery with preservation of the upper pole does not seem justified.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Influences of neuronal uptake and D2 autoreceptors on regulation of extracellular dopamine in the core, shell and rostral pole of the rat nucleus accumbens.

Fast cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices containing the nucleus accumbens, was used to examine the regulation of the extracellular concentration of electrically stimulated dopamine overflow in the core, shell and rostral pole. One microM (-)-sulpiride, significantly increased dopamine overflow in all 3 regions but only when the duration of stimulation was greater than 500 ms. One microM cocaine, significantly potentiated dopamine overflow in all 3 regions following all patterns of stimulation. In the presence of 1 microM cocaine, superfusion with 1 microM (-)-sulpiride did not result in a further increase in dopamine overflow at any frequency of stimulation in the rostral pole, but significant increases in dopamine overflow were observed after stimulation with 20 pulses at 10 or 20 Hz in the core or shell; the degree of potentiation was greater in the shell than core. Quinpirole inhibited single pulse stimulated dopamine overflow in a concentration dependent manner (maximum inhibition (100%) in all regions) but was significantly less potent in the rostral pole than in the core or shell. Increasing the number of pulses to 2 or 4 pulses at 50 Hz resulted in a shift of the quinpirole dose-response curve to the right in all regions and in the rostral pole, a significant reduction in the maximum inhibition of dopamine overflow to both stimulation parameters. In the shell a significant reduction in maximum inhibition was only seen with 4 pulses at 50 Hz stimulation, whereas in the core there was no change in the maximum inhibitory effect of quinpirole. Neuronal uptake and D2 autoreceptor activity contribute to regulation of the extracellular concentration of dopamine in core, shell and rostral pole. The relative importance of either uptake or autoreceptor control is region and stimulus dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Developmental analysis of the grandchildless (gs(1)N26) mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: abnormal cleavage patterns and defects in pole cell formation.

This article describes developmental analysis of gs(1)N26 mutation. gs(1)N26 is a temperature-sensitive maternal-effect mutation affecting the formation of the germ line (Y. Niki and M. Okada, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 190, 1-10, 1981). At 25 degrees C, the cleavage nuclei do not divide synchronously and show various degrees of retarded migration to the posterior region. Blastoderm nuclei show antero-posterior mitotic waves; posterior yolk nuclei also are reduced in number at this stage. Pole cells form only when the cleavage nuclei migrate directly to the posterior pole. In fact, the posterior region of young eggs presents the usual ultrastructural features, and it is also able to participate in the formation of pole cells, as was proven by cytoplasmic transfer experiments. Therefore the defects in blastogenesis, in particular in the formation of pole cells of gs(1)N26 embryos, appear to result from the delayed migration of cleavage nuclei to the posterior pole.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Changes in states of commitment of single animal pole blastomeres of Xenopus laevis.

The experiments described in this paper were designed to compare the normal fates of animal pole blastomeres of Xenopus laevis with their state of commitment. Single animal pole blastomeres were labeled with a lineage marker and transplanted into the blastocoels of host embryos of different stages. The distribution of labeled daughter cells in the tadpole reflects the state of commitment of the parent cell at the time of transplantation. It is known that cells from the animal pole of the early blastula normally contribute predominantly to ectoderm with a small, but significant, contribution to the mesoderm. We show that on transplantation to the blastocoels of late blastula host embryos these blastomeres are pluripotent, contributing to all three germ layers. At later stages the normal fate of these cells becomes restricted solely to ectoderm and concomitantly the proportion of pluripotent cells is reduced, although the results depend upon the stage of the host embryo. Blastomeres from late blastula donors transplanted to mid gastrulae contribute solely to ectoderm in 34% of cases; however, in earlier hosts, when the vegetal hemisphere cells have "mesoderm inducing" or "vegetalizing" activity, late blastula animal pole blastomeres contribute to mesoderm and endoderm rather than ectoderm. Thus during the blastula stage animal pole cells pass from pluripotency to a labile state of commitment to ectoderm.

Animals↗