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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Vascularization of free periosteal and 100 micron thick osteoperiosteal grafts in muscle tissue environment.

The vascularization of free periosteal and 100 micron thick osteoperiosteal grafts was studied in growing rabbits. Sixteen rabbits with 32 periosteal and 32 osteoperiosteal grafts were operated upon and microangiographed 1-21 days postoperatively. The vascularization of free periosteal grafts started 1 day postoperatively and that of osteoperiosteal grafts 3 days postoperaitvely. The first capillaries seemed to enter through the cambium layer in periosteal grafts and through the cortex in osteoperiosteal grafts.

Angiography↗
PubMed1991

Induction of osteochondromas by periosteal resection.

Forty immature and 40 mature rabbits which received periosteal resection from the proximal metaphyses or diaphyses of tibiae were evaluated for the occurrence of osteochondromas at the sites of periosteal defects. Thirteen of 20 immature tibiae with the periosteal defects at their proximal metaphyses showed osteochondromas covered by hyaline cartilage caps. We assume that the occurrence of osteochondroma at the metaphyseal region of growing long bone, where the periosteal defects were made, is due primarily to a decrease in the power of the periosteum to control the circumferential growth of the metaphysis, and is due secondarily to an abnormal proliferation of cartilage progenitors located in Ranvier's groove.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Thermodynamic resolution of periosteal reaction and taphonomic change.

New bone formation (e.g., periosteal reaction) is one component of bone and joint disease diagnosis. Its application in the archeologic record has been compromised by lack of standardization. An objective technique for validating observations seems especially valuable when visual examination of a single data set results in widely disparate perspectives. Such discrepancies as to presence or absence of periosteal reaction are amenable to objective analysis. Bone, as any other form of matter, has a variety of properties. Some are characterized by weight or volume and are referred to as colligative. Some are related to its intrinsic nature, independent of mass. The latter are referred to as non-colligative. Non-colligative properties of matter provide an opportunity to assess structure, independent of quantity. Study of one such property, entropy, revealed that taphonomic changes can confidently be distinguished from bone surface reaction. Contrasted with the homogeneous entropy of normal bone, the loss of surface bone inherent in taphonomy results in reduced entropy. Contrasted with the homogenous patterns of normal bone, specific non-homogenous patterns allow periosteal reaction to be recognized, independent of variety of periosteal reaction or its origin. Thermographic approach allows observational techniques to be independently validated. Such validation allows for greater facility in interobserver archeologic site sample comparisons.

Bone Remodeling↗
PubMed1999

The results of autogenous tibial periosteal transplants for full thickness cartilage defects in the knee joints of pigs.

An experimental study was conducted to demonstrate macroscopic and microscopic healing of full thickness cartilage defects with mature stable hyaline cartilage after autogenous tibial periosteal transplants in the knee joints of pigs. Similar full thickness osteochondral defects were created in the medial femoral condyles of both knees in 10 healthy young adult pigs. Periosteal transplants were performed on the left knees and the right knees used as controls. The pigs were sacrified in two groups at 6 weeks and 3 months. The knees were inspected for healing and stability of the graft. Microscopic sections were taken and evaluated using a histological score developed by O'Driscoll. Macroscopically, almost all defects with periosteal grafts healed with a translucent bluish-white colour indicating articular cartilage formation. There was good restoration of the bony contour and filling of the defects were superior to controls. Histologically, we were able to demonstrate immature hyaline cartilage which matured at 3 months. The newly formed tissue was stable and well-incorporated. It had almost complete bonding to the adjacent articular margin, good reconstitution of the osteochondral junction and a well maintained structural integrity. We concluded that periosteal transplants in the knee of a pig model healed with mature stable hyaline cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cartilage repair by free periosteal grafts in the knees of pigs: a histologic study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Periosteal grafts may result in cartilage formation and, therefore, have the potential to repair cartilage defects. We evaluated the histologic results of free periosteal grafts for the repair of full-thickness cartilage defects in pigs. METHODS: A free autogenous periosteal flap from the proximal tibia was grafted to a size-matched, full-thickness articular defect on the lateral femoral condyle of the knees of 12 pigs. The same defect on the medial femoral condyle was used as a control lesion. Biopsies were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after grafting. RESULTS: The control lesions showed dense fibrous tissue with no evidence of cartilage-like tissues. The predominant tissues after grafting were mixtures of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, mesenchyme tissue, and occasional bone islands, but no cartilage tissue was identified. The tissue distribution did not change in the same knee from the week 4 to the week 8 biopsy; nonetheless, there were interindividual variations in tissue distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the use of free periosteal transplantation for full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Repair of humeral fracture and non-union with transfer of vascularized periosteal flap].

OBJECTIVE: To study the results of humeral fracture and non-union repaired by vascularized periosteal flap transfer. METHODS: The clinical data of humeral fracture and non-union in 23 cases were analysized retrospectively since 1995. Among them, minuted or several segmental fracture in 12 cases, non-union in 11 cases, and following injury of radial nerve in 7 cases. The operative method was open reduction, inner or external fixation with vascularized periosteal flap transfer. RESULTS: The period of follow-up was 6 months to 2 years. The repair result of all patients was excellent and good, but elbow joint motion in 2 cases of non-union was not satisfactory. The periosteal flap had good osteogenic ability. The period of bone union was 2 to 5 months in humeral fracture and non-union. And function of radial nerve was recovery. CONCLUSION: Transfer of distal humeral periosteal flap pedicled with radial collateral vessels is a better method for humeral fracture and non-union.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Experimental study of mandibular periosteal distraction in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a novel technique for new bone formation--periosteal distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: A custom made periosteal distraction device was fixed to bilateral surface of the mandible in three rabbits. Periosteal distraction was performed on the left side of the mandible, the right side of the mandible served as the control. The animals were sacrificed at the end of distraction process. All the specimens were X-rayed and histologically examinated. RESULTS: All three animals survived with no obvious complications. Both in mass specimens and X-rays, there showed new bone formation on the distracted side of the mandible. In histological examinations, there was osteoblast-like cell infiltration and bone tissue formation in the distracted area. CONCLUSION: Periosteal distraction osteogenesis can provide a novel technique for the repair of bone defects.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Response to dynamic strain in human periosteal cells grown in vitro].

The objective of this program is to investigate the biological effect of dynamic strain on human periosteal cells in vitro. Using a well-established model, the Flexercell unit, we placed mechanical stress (50,000 microstrain, 1 Hz and sine wave) on human periosteal cells grown in collagen coated flexible membrane. The time points of proliferative and differentiative properties were assessed by means of cell counting, thymidine incorporation, synthesis of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and long term of mechanical load induced calcium nodules formation was also demonstrated. The results showed that the application of highly controlled strains exerted a significant effect on human periosteal cells by up regulation of osteogenic properties rather than exercised an influence on proliferation. The results suggested that the promoting effects of dynamic strain on human periosteal cells probably contribute to the biological function of mechanical loading bearing.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remodeling of devitalized bone threatens periosteal margin integrity of endosseous titanium implants with threaded or smooth surfaces: indications for provisional loading and axially directed occlusion.

Microradiographic analysis of endosseous implants in dogs revealed similar patterns of healing and remodeling of the alveolar process adjacent to both types of implants. However, substantial differences were noted in bone morphology both at the periosteal margin and within the cervical half of the interface. The grooves of the threaded implant were filled with relatively immature composite bone. In contrast, the smooth cylindrical implant was bordered by a dense cortex of relatively avascular bone except for a 1 mm at the periosteal margin that was remodeled and vital. For both types of implants, areas of apparently nonvital, hypermineralized bone were remodeling near the interface and in subperiosteal areas of the alveolar process. The integrity of the periosteal margin may be threatened by undermining remodeling of adjacent bone during the late healing period. The cervical (alveolar) crest and particularly the periosteal margin of the interface are high stress bearing areas. If overloaded, these areas are subject to "cervical cratering," a common prelude to implant failure. The results of this study suggest that axially directed occlusion and a progressive loading scheme are indicated.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1989

Periosteal neochondrogenesis for biologically resurfacing joints: its cellular origin.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the hyaline-like cartilage produced in major full-thickness defects of a joint surface, treated by a free periosteal graft and subjected to continuous passive motion (CPM), originated exclusively from the progenitor cells of the cambium of the graft. Free periosteal grafts were raised from the tibia of both hind legs of eight male New Zealand rabbits and transplanted into full-thickness defects across the entire width of the patellar groove of 15 female rabbits. Postoperatively, CPM was instituted and the animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks. Cells from the regenerated tissue were grown from tissue explants and their karyotypes determined. In 33% of the rabbits, all cells contained a Y (male) chromosome, indicating that regenerated tissue originated exclusively from the progenitor cell of the periosteal graft. Karyotypes of the cells from the other 67% were mosaics (both female and male); thus, their cellular origin was from both the periosteal allograft and the pluripotential mesenchymal cells in the subchondral tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Longitudinal growth of the rabbit femur after vascular and periosteal interference.

Results are presented of a radiological study with metallic implants concerning the growth in length of the rabbit femur following longitudinal sectioning of the periosteum, with and without stripping, circumferential periosteal division, with and without stripping, and vascular interference. Periosteal sectioning (except in the case of longitudinal sectioning) had the effect of increasing the ultimate length of the femur. The distal epiphysial plate was stimulated after longitudinal sectioning with stripping; both growth plates were stimulated after circumferential periosteal sectioning, with and without stripping. This stimulation was evident until fairly late in the growth period. There are no indications for any inhibition during the last phase of growth. Experimental interference of the subchondral vascularisation had no effect, whilst ligation of the nutrient artery had only a very limited curbing effect on the longitudinal growth due to restraining of the proximal growth plate. It was concluded that the growth stimulation following periosteal damage cannot be the result of vascular interference the diaphysial area. It was hypothesized that the periosteum plays a role as a local regulatory factor in the fine regulation of the growth of the epiphysial plates, acting as an intermediary and transmitting mechanical stimuli generated by other local factors to the epiphysial plates.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

A new model of tracheal stenosis and its repair with free periosteal grafts.

Stenosis of 50% to 80% of the cervical or thoracic tracheal lumen was created in 17 piglets by encircling the trachea with silicone rubber sheet for 3 to 19 days (median 14 days). In 13 animals thoracic tracheal stenosis was repaired by longitudinal incision and insertion of a free tibial periosteal graft into the defect. An omental pedicle graft was applied to the surface of the free periosteal graft to augment its blood supply in three of these animals. An endotracheal silicone rubber splint was left in place for 2 to 3 weeks after the operations. Four animals served as untreated controls. In 12 of 13 piglets respiratory obstruction was relieved. One repair failed because of graft necrosis. In two animals put to death 1 month and 2 months later, stenosis was absent and the grafts showed variable ossification. The luminal surface had epithelialized. In nine of 10 animals put to death 3 months after the operation, tracheal cross-sectional areas had doubled, stenosis and granulation tissue were absent, and all the grafts had ossified and epithelialized. A mild stenosis (24%) developed over a 2 mm length in one animal and the graft had not ossified. The omental pedicle graft did not improve vascularization of the free periosteal graft. These studies describe a model of tracheal stenosis that can be used to assess various methods of repair. The results indicate that tracheal stenosis can be successfully treated by incision and insertion of a free periosteal graft into the defect.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The acute effects of periosteal stripping and medullary reaming on regional bone blood flow.

The immediate effects of surgical dissection on regional bone blood flow were studied using the hydrogen washout technique and the results were compared in mature and immature rabbits. Epiphyseal circulation in young animals was eliminated by stripping the epiphyseal periosteum, and even in mature rabbits epiphyseal blood flow was markedly reduced by periosteal stripping. This suggests that after skeletal maturity blood supply crossing from the metaphysis into the epiphysis is limited. The blood flow rate was not altered by wide reaming of the epiphyseal center in either young or old animals. The rates of bone blood flow in the metaphysis and diaphysis were not altered by separate periosteal stripping or medullary reaming in either age group. Combined reaming and stripping eliminated blood flow in the diaphyseal cortical bone, but in the metaphysis fairly rapid blood flow remained even after reaming and periosteal stripping were done. These findings suggest that arterial supply and venous drainage traverse both endosteal and periosteal surfaces, and either system is capable of sustaining adequate bone tissue circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Tibial periostal graft in the repair of the primary cleft palate: preliminary report of a new technique (author's transl)].

Reconstruction of the oral plane of a primary cleft palate using tibial periostal graft at the primary repair stage seems a highly appealing technique: -- the osteogenic power of the periosteum used as a free transplant has been demonstrated long ago (Ollier, Axhausen); -- two requisites must be filled when primary palate repair is undertaken: maintainance of the nasal fossa size and maintenance of the palatal fibromucosa that must be not submitted to any traction whatsoever, otherwise endognathia will arise. A vast, tight and strong periostal plane will be obtained with the periostal graft, the latter bringing also bone to the cleft. Better still, such a periostal graft can be extended backwards over the entire length of the cleft bony palate which will subsequently create a situation requiring simple soft palate repair.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

The chondrogenic potential of free autogenous periosteal and fascial grafts for biological resurfacing of major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces (an experimental investigation in the rabbit).

In the present study, 40 rabbits were used, 30 of them for the experiment and 10 as controls. Full layer defects of 7-14 mm which were produced on knee joint cartilage were repaired with free autogenous periosteal and fascial grafts. The defects were made on the weight bearing areas of the medial condyles of the femurs of rabbits. The full layer periosteal grafts which were taken from the upper parts of the anterior tibia of 15 rabbits were located so that the combium layer faced the joint, and sutured to synovial membrane with 6.0 vicryl. The defects of the other rabbits were covered with fascial grafts obtained from fascia lata and were sutured to synovial membrane with 6.0 vicryl. No grafting was performed on the 10 rabbits in the control group after production of defects. The rabbits were immobilized for two hours postoperatively, and then allowed to be active. The rabbits in the experimental group were sacrificed in the third, sixth and ninth weeks respectively, and the rabbits of the control group were sacrificed in the ninth week. The distal femurs of 40 rabbits were removed and examined both macroscopically and histologically. The collagen phenotype was determined biochemically. When the assessments were made, it was noticed that the joint faces of the rabbits which were repaired with periosteal grafts were smooth, a tissue resembling hyaline joint cartilage had developed, and the synthesis of collagen of type II increased. On the other hand, the joint faces of the rabbits which were repaired with fascial grafts were not smooth, immature cartilage had with fibrous tissue developed, and the synthesis of type II collagen accounted for 50 per cent. The joint faces of the control group were course and covered with fibrous tissue, and the collagen synthesized was type I. According to these findings, we suggest that the biological repair of joint cartilage defects is possible with free autogenous periosteal grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Quantitative study on the osteogenic potential of vascularized iliac periosteal].

The effect of pedical blood supply, recipient environment, blood supply to the osteogenic capacity of iliac periosteal was investigated. An iliac periosteal flap based on the circumflexa femoris lateralis vessels was developed in a canine model. The vascularied iliac periosteal was rotated onto the quadriceps femoris musculus or epigastrica inferior fibrous-connective tissues in one side and the free flap was done in the same way in another side. 2, 2, 4, 6 animals were killed at 2, 4, 8, 12 week after operation and the flaps were studied by new bone Ca, P content, bone dense measure, double tetracycline labeling, bone histomorphometry analysis and light microscopy. The following results were obtained: (1) Iliac periosteal has good osteogenic capacity; (2) The early good blood supply is much more important than the recipient environment blood supply, it make the bone formation speed 2-4 weeks forward.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Periosteal ganglion: a cause of cortical bone erosion.

Three cases of periosteal ganglia of long bones are presented. These lesions are produced by mucoid degeneration and cyst formation of the periosteum to produce external cortical erosion and reactive periosteal new bone. They are not associated with a soft tissue ganglion or an intraosseous lesion. They may radiologically mimic other periosteal lesions or soft tissue neoplasms which erode bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Case report 701: Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) periostitis.

A case of periosteal new bone in a newborn is presented. The periostitis resulted from long-term therapy with PGE1, which was administered to maintain patency of the ductus in a neonate with ductal-dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease. The features of PGE1 periostitis and the differential diagnosis are reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗