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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Biomechanical analysis of pedalling for rehabilitation purposes: experimental results on two pathological subjects and comparison with non-pathological findings.

In this paper the experimental results obtained by means of a prototype measuring device dedicated to the evaluation of the rehabilitation level of the lower limb are presented. The analysis of the experimental data collected on non-pathological subjects allows the identification of the characteristic meaning of the most significant parameters typical of healthy subjects. These data have been employed for a systematic comparison with the same parameters measured on two pathological subjects, in order to define quantitative indicators of the rehabilitation degree of the lower limbs and indicators of the "quality" of the movement.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

CMV infection of the renal allograft is much more common than the pathology indicates: a retrospective analysis of qualitative and quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR, renal biopsy pathology and tissue CMV-PCR.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is used to direct therapy in kidney transplant patients, but cytomegalic inclusions are rarely found in allograft renal biopsies even with an elevated serum creatinine and apparent CMV disease. The relationship between quantitative blood CMV and renal allograft pathology is unknown. METHODS: Thirteen biopsy samples were available for analysis from patients suspected of CMV disease, who had a buffy coat CMV-PCR drawn within 2-5 days of a renal allograft biopsy for an elevated creatinine. All were evaluated for CMV pathologically, by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and tissue PCR. RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR were positive in 10/13 (77%) patients. Tissue CMV-PCR was positive in five (50%) biopsies, including two with CMV inclusions and three with no inclusions. Quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR levels did not correlate with detection of CMV inclusions in renal tissue. Paradoxically, quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR was low (239 and 538 copies/microg of DNA) when CMV inclusions were detected. All five biopsies with acute rejection were associated with CMV viraemia and two of the five with allograft CMV inclusions. A quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR of <100 copies/microg of DNA ruled out disease with CMV inclusions. CONCLUSIONS: CMV nephropathy is much more common than previously reported when sensitive techniques are used for detection in tissue. Acute rejection and CMV viraemia occur commonly together in patients at risk for CMV. Quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR does not correlate with the presence of CMV inclusions. These findings have implications for management of patients who have elevated serum creatinine and are at risk for CMV disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Recommendations for handling radioactive specimens obtained by sentinel lymphadenectomy. Surgical Pathology Committee of the College of American Pathologists, and the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been shown to be an accurate predictor of axillary nodal status in invasive breast cancer and is a useful alternative to axillary dissection for some patients. Because radioactive materials are often used to identify the sentinel lymph node, concerns have been raised regarding the safe handling of tissue specimens obtained by this technique. The Surgical Pathology Committee of the College of American Pathologists and the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology have developed recommendations for the safe handling of radioactive specimens obtained by sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Axilla↗
PubMed1976

Changing concepts in the management of pathological and impending pathological fractures.

The benefits in the management of pathological fractures by internal fixation are well recognized. However, failures in bone or metal can occur where there is a large amount of bone destruction. Seven of 69 pathological fractures in our series were treated by internal fixation with adjunctive use of methylmethacrylate without failure. This allowed for secure fixation in fractures with large amounts of bone destruction, thus decreasing the patient's pain and allowing earlier mobilization. Neither the effects of radiotherapy on bone involved with neoplasm nor methylmethacrylate are altered when radiotherapy is used after internal fixation and adjunctive use of methylmethacrylate. We believe that an aggressive program of stabilization of these fractures or fixation before actual fracture provides significant patient benefits including reduction of pain, decreased length of hospital stay, reduction of financial expense, and return to as near normal function as possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The surgical treatment of pathologic and impending pathologic fractures of the long bones.

The results of operative treatment of 83 pathologic fractures and 17 impending pathologic fractures of the long bones are reported. The results of a group of 53 patients who underwent an osteosynthesis only are compared with those of a group of 43 patients who were subsequently treated 47 times with an osteosynthesis in combination with bone cement. With regard to the degree of mobilization there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the group treated with bone cement. The incidence of complications is low. Immediate use of the involved extremity in these patients minimizes complications associated with prolonged immobilization and enhances the quality of the remainder of their lives.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Hepatic pathology in AIDS: a pathological study from Mumbai, India.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the spectrum of hepatic disorders in AIDS, liver specimens from 171 patients (155 autopsies and 16 biopsies) were reviewed. METHODS: A retrospective and prospective study of 171 autopsy and biopsy specimens was carried out at a tertiary level hospital in Mumbai, India. RESULTS: Of the patients included in the study, 127 (74%) were male and 44 (26%) were female. The heterosexual route was the predominant mode of HIV transmission, identified in 163 (95%) patients. A total of 99 of 171 patients (58%) showed significant pathological lesions, and the most common pathological processes involving the liver appeared to be secondary to infections. None of our patients showed isolated infectious diseases of the liver. The spectrum of liver diseases identified was as follows: tuberculosis in 70 patients (41%), cryptococcosis in eight (5%), cytomegalovirus infection in six (3%), hepatitis B infection in five (3%), candidiasis in one (0.5%), malaria in one (0.5%), cirrhosis in six (3%), amyloidosis in one (0.5%) and primary hepatic lymphoma in one (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: AIDS patients were found to have a high prevalence of underlying hepatic abnormalities. The spectrum of disease among patients with AIDS in India differs from that in developed countries. Our results suggest that hepatic tuberculosis is more common in AIDS than previously recognized, and that liver specimens should be examined routinely for the presence of acid-fast bacilli.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Pathologies and pathological mechanisms for white matter hyperintensities in depression.

Signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increased in the white matter (WMH) and deep gray matter in dementia and depression and may have similar pathologies. However, no previous study has examined WMH in subjects with major depression. We carried out in vitro MRI on brain tissue from elderly subjects who had suffered major depression and elderly control subjects to identify and rate WMH. The tissue was subsequently prepared for histopathological analysis using a number of conventional and immunohistochemical stains, and the WMH were examined to identify their underlying pathological causes. Cerebral microvessels were also assessed and the findings compared with assessments of atheromatous disease in these subjects. PVH were found to be due to one of three causes: dilated perivascular spaces (with and without ischemia in the perivascular area), oligemic demyelination, and ischemic demyelination. DWMH also showed three types of causes: dilated perivascular spaces (with and without ischemia in the perivascular area), oligemic demyelination, and ischemic demyelination. Cerebral microvascular disease only contributed to a few of the lesions and atheromatous disease did not show associations with WMH in these subjects. These findings are similar to previous reports in other diseases and demonstrate WMH in elderly depression to be a manifestation of cerebrovascular disease. However, since large vessel and small vessel disease were not associated with WMH, our findings suggest hypotensive disease might be an important and unrecognized mechanism underlying WMH in late-life depression.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1980

The fine structure of epithelial cells in normal and pathological buccal mucosa. III. Pathological changes in spinous, transitional and superficial cells in the erosive type of lichen planus.

Superficial, transitional and polygonal buccal epithelial cells from patients with the erosive type of lichen planus were compared with similar cells from non-keratinizing human buccal mucosa. Transitional cells from non-keratinizing buccal mucosa had glycogen lakes and membrane-coating granules with electron dense cores. Surface cells were not keratinized and pathological cells were less granular. In lichen planus membrane-coating granules were numerous, markedly electron dense, and some showed an internal lamellar structure. Surface cells were keratotic or parakeratotic. Processes of macrophages were associated with the pathological membrane-coating granules.

Cytoplasmic Granules↗
PubMed1981

Sudden disappearance and reappearance of the pathologic Q waves after successive myocardial necrosis: electrocardiographic and pathologic correlations.

A case with sudden disappearance of the pathologic Q waves of an old posterior myocardial infarction after a superimposed acute anterior infarction is reported. This phenomena probably is due to the loss of the opposing electromotive forces in the anterior myocardial wall after acute anterior myocardial necrosis. When a third acute lateral myocardial infarction occurred, new Q waves in the corresponding leads could be observed. Pathologic examinations documented three temporally and spaciously separate infarctions. Such correlations allow a better understanding of the electrocardiographic changes in patients with successive myocardial infarctions.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1999

The pathology of familial breast cancer: Clinical and genetic counselling implications of breast cancer pathology.

Approximately 5% of all breast cancers are due to one of the high-risk breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, or possibly to a third or fourth moderate- to high-risk gene(s). A further proportion of cases arise in the presence of a less striking family history, with later average age at onset and lower penetrance: familial breast cancer. Bilaterality is a recognized feature of hereditary breast cancer. Cancers often present at an early age, with the contralateral risk high within 10 years. Proof that bilateral malignancies are separate primaries can be difficult histologically, however, especially within 3 years. The recent finding of specific pathological features related to BRCA1 and, to a lesser extent, BRCA2 mutations means that, in addition to bilaterality and family history, a pathological element can be entered into the risk calculation for the presence of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. This will facilitate the targeting of mutation testing to families in which a positive result is most likely, and may subsequently influence the clinical management of these families.

BRCA2 Protein↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphological evidence of vestibular pathology in long-term experimental diabetes mellitus. II. Connective tissue and neuroepithelial pathology.

The influence of long-term experimental diabetes on the saccule and utricle was investigated with light and electron microscopy. Pathological changes involving the connective tissue cells of the subneuroepithelial connective tissue suggest that these cells may play a potentially important role in diabetic pathology of the inner ear. In diabetic animals there was an increased incidence of secondary lysosomes within the connective tissue cells as well as an accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets that increased with the level of hyperglycemia. Five animals with relatively more severe diabetes also had an extensive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Two of these rats with longer diabetes duration had a small number of degenerating type I hair cells scattered through the saccular neuroepithelium, possibly due to chronic stresses from impaired diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste material through the dense extracellular matrix. Utricles of these same animals did not have any degenerating hair cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The thickness and the pathological findings of the tympanic membranes in otitis media with effusion--a pathological study of the temporal bone].

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation of the grade of the inflammation of the middle ear and the pathological findings of the tympanic membranes using human serial horizontal sections from 16 temporal bones with otitis media with effusion. As controls, we used 96 normal temporal bones. The results were as follows. 1) In cases with a lot of inflammation cells in the middle ear effusion, there were seen much pathological changes in the epidermal layer and the intermediate layer. 2) In the pars flaccida and the posterior point of the malleus handle were noted remarkable changes. 3) The greater part of the cells of the middle ear effusion was neutrophils.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Pathologic Handling and Reporting of Prostate Tissue Specimens in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy: Report of the Pathology Committee.

Prior meetings of the International Conference on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Prostate Cancer identified areas of concern in the pathologic analysis of post-treatment specimens. In response, a pathology subcommittee was formed to address the questions that had been raised. Recommendations are made here concerning pretreatment biopsy review and reporting, handling and reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens, Gleason scoring of treated cancer, grading of therapy effect, role of immunohistochemistry procedures, and the significance of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Neoadjuvant trials with both surgery and radiation therapy were considered in drawing up these recommendations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

[Osteoplastic epitympanotomy and the pathology of the middle ear. Part 2: The microstructures of the epitympanum and their significance concerning the pathology of the retrotympanal spaces (author's transl)].

The two goals of osteoplastic trepanation of the middle ear spaces are first a direct inspection of the main areas of pathologies within the epitympanum and secondly a better understanding of the infected middle ear diseases through careful preparation and exposure of the pathologic processes. A new way of approval could be found by taking into account the anatomical and topographical realities and the possible deviations form normal cases. This opens a better understanding of all those variations. Without touching the microstructures of the tympanum their inspection and preparations are hereby made possible macro- and microscopically. This leads to the conclusion that the tympanic structures are involved in the formation and progression of infected middle ear diseases. The correlation of the "aeration pathways" and the "drainage outlets" of the middle ear as an interdepending functional unit can be seen by this new intrasurgical inspection-based on light- and electronic microscopic research of various authors-as well as through the fact that middle ear mucous membrane is a truly respiratory membrane with no difference to other aeration pathways as found in the nose. A of a summation of mucous membranes in the area of the diaphragma is that minor catarrhal inflammations will block this aeration pathway of the middle ear. At the same time an open tuba auditiva can be found in acute, subacute and chronic middle ear diseases. Our findings that the ventilation of the ear is in most cases blocked at the diaphragma and not at the tube leads to questions on the one hand regarding the function of diaphragma and to the opinion on the other that the ventilation system of the middle ear is divided in two sections by the diaphragma: An anterior section including tuba and hypomesotympanon and a posterior including epitympanon, aditus, antrum and the pneumatic cells of mastoid and pyramid. The anterior section still is ventilated through the tuba when blocked at the diaphragma, in the posterior one ventilation and drainage are blocked even by mildly infected processes. Longer lasting infections have severe consequences for these spaces and the tympanic membrane.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Histopathologic diagnosis of Barrett mucosa and associated neoplasias: results of a consensus conference of the Working Group for Gastroenterological Pathology within the Germany Society of Pathology, September 2001 in Erlangen].

There are a number of difficulties regarding the diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa and the varying grades of neoplasia that may be associated with it. It was therefore the aim of a Consensus-Conference of the Working Group for Gastroenterological Pathology within the German Society of Pathology to achieve standardization regarding the following issues: definition and diagnostic criteria for Barrett's mucosa and its discrimination from intestinal metaplasia of the cardia, diagnostic criteria for intraepithelial neoplasia, number of biopsies necessary to establish the diagnosis, significance of additional immunohistochemical and/or molecular methods as well as importance of a second opinion in the diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pathological dominant and the stable pathological state].

The pathological dominant is considered at a model of alcohol motivation which is in competitive relations with drinking motivation. The steady pathological state is considered at a model of seizure readiness in rats with audiogenic epileptiform seizures. The alcohol motivation might be ceased by the activation of competitive systems (thirst motivation), but the level of seizure readiness might be lowered intrasystemically, for example, by the habituation mechanisms.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Automatic coding of pathologic cancer variables by the search of strings of text in the pathology reports. The experience of the Tuscany Cancer Registry].

The present study evaluates the application of an automatic system for variables coding by means of strings reading in the text of the pathology reports, in the database of the Tuscany Cancer Registry. Incidence data for the years 2000 (n. 6297) and 2001 (n. 6291) for subjects for whom computerised pathology reports were available were included. The system is based on Queries (SQL language) linked to Functions (Visual Basic for Applications) that work on Windows Access. The agreement between original data inputted by the registrars and variables coded by means of automatic reading has been evaluated by means of Cohen's kappa. The following variables were analysed: cancer site (kappa = 0.87 between "manual" and automatic coding, for cases incident in the year 2001), morphology (kappa=0.75), Berg's morphology groups (kappa=0.87), behaviour (kappa=0.70), grading (kappa=0.90), Gleason (kappa=0.90), focality (kappa=0.86), lateralily (kappa=0.36), pT (kappa=0.92), pN (kappa=0.76), pM (kappa=0.28), number of lymph nodes (kappa=0.69), number of positive lymph nodes (kappa=0.70), Breslow thickness (kappa=0.94), Clark level (kappa=0.91), Dukes (kappa=0.74). The system of automatic reading of strings allows to collect a very huge amount of reliable information and its use should be implemented by the Registries.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnostic significance of pathologic synkinesis for detection of pyramidal pathology].

Five types of pathological synkinesis (++blepharo-ocular, ++blepharo-facial, ++bucco-manual, ++digito-digital on the hands, ++pedo-digital) are described. They are of definite importance for revealing pyramidal pathology including its early stages as well as for objective evaluation and observation of the time-course of changes in the illness.

Brain Diseases↗