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PubMed1990

Effect of dietary olive oil, corn oil and medium-chain triglycerides on the lipid composition of rat red blood cell membranes.

The effects of dietary olive oil, corn oil and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on factors that characterized erythrocyte membrane lipid fluidity were studied. Weanling rats were fed for 3 or 5 wk high fat diets (10%) containing olive oil, corn oil or a mixture of MCT with olive oil or corn oil. Total phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine of erythrocyte ghosts obtained from olive oil-fed animals, as compared to those fed corn oil, showed an increase in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the (n-6) and (n-3) series and a decrease in saturated fatty acids. The addition of MCT to the olive oil diet induced an increase in palmitic, palmitoleic and delta-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acids and a decrease in long-chain PUFA of the (n-6) series in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. Conversely, rats fed a mixture of MCT and corn oil, as compared to those fed exclusively corn oil, showed increase in long-chain PUFA of the (n-6) and (n-3) series, with no changes in saturated fatty acid levels. The cholesterol/phosphorus molar ratio showed only a slight increase with MCT supplementation. Olive oil feeding induced important changes in fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids as compared to corn oil feeding without modifying the cholesterol/phosphorus ratio and MCT feeding slightly affected red blood cell membrane lipid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of feeding rats with partially hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil on the chain shortening of erucic acid in perfused heart.

1. The metabolism of [14(-14)C]erucic acid and [U-14C]palmitic acid was studied in perfused hearts from rats fed diets containing hydrogenated marine oil, rapeseed oil or peanut oil for three weeks. 2. [14C]Erucic acid was shortened to [14C]eicosenoic acid (20 : 1, n -- 9) and [14C]oleic acid (18 : 1, n -- 9) in perfused rat hearts from all diet groups. The rapeseed oil diet caused a three-fold increase and the marine oil diet a four-fold increase in the amount of chain-shortened products recovered in heart lipids at the end of perfusion, compared to peanut oil diet. 3. The content of C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 fatty acids was increased in heart lipids of rats fed hydrogenated marine oil or rapseed oil diet, compared to peanut oil diet. 4. Feeding hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil to the rats induced a 85% increase in catalase activity, a 20% increase in the activity of cytochrome oxidase and a 30--40% increase in the content of total CoA in the heart compared to rats fed peanut oil diet. 5. It is suggested that [14(-14)C]erucic acid is shortened by the beta-oxidation system of peroxisomes in the heart. The increased chain shortening in the hearts from animals fed rapeseed oil or partially hydrogenated marine oil for three weeks may be an important part of an adaptation process.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Estimate of oil persisting on the beaches of Prince William Sound 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill.

We estimated the amount of oil remaining in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 12 yr after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill to assess its importance as a long-term reservoir of toxic hydrocarbons. We found oil on 78 of 91 beaches randomly selected according to their oiling history. Surface oiling was recorded for randomly placed quadrats, which were then excavated and examined for subsurface oil. The cumulative area of beach contaminated by surface or subsurface oil was estimated at 11.3 ha. Surface oil varied little with tide height, but subsurface oil was more prevalent at the middle tide heights. The mass of remaining subsurface oil is conservatively estimated at 55 600 kg. Analysis of terpanes indicated that over 90% of the surface oil and all of the subsurface oil was from the Exxon Valdez and that Monterey Formation oil deposited after the 1964 Alaska earthquake accounted for the remaining surface oil. These results indicate that oil from the Exxon Valdez remains by far the largest reservoir of biologically available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on beaches impacted by the spill and that biota dependent on these beaches risk continued exposure.

Accidents↗
PubMed2004

Comparative toxicity of oil, dispersant, and oil plus dispersant to several marine species.

Dispersants are a preapproved chemical response agent for oil spills off portions of the U.S. coastline, including the Texas-Louisiana coast. However, questions persist regarding potential environmental risks of dispersant applications in nearshore regions (within three nautical miles of the shoreline) that support dense populations of marine organisms and are prone to spills resulting from human activities. To address these questions, a study was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of test media prepared with dispersant, weathered crude oil, and weathered crude oil plus dispersant. Two fish species, Cyprinodon variegatus and Menidia beryllina, and one shrimp species, Americamysis bahia (formerly Mysidopsis bahia), were used to evaluate the relative toxicity of the different media under declining and continuous exposure regimes. Microbial toxicity was evaluated using the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri. The data suggested that oil media prepared with a chemical dispersant was equal to or less toxic than the oil-only test medium. Data also indicated that continuous exposures to the test media were generally more toxic than declining exposures. The toxicity of unweathered crude oil with and without dispersant was also evaluated using Menidia beryllina under declining exposure conditions. Unweathered oil-only media were dominated by soluble hydrocarbon fractions and found to be more toxic than weathered oil-only media in which colloidal oil fractions dominated. Total concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-plus-dispersant media prepared with weathered and unweathered crude oil were both dominated by colloidal oil and showed no significant difference in toxicity. Analysis of the toxicity data suggests that the observed toxicity was a function of the soluble crude oil components and not the colloidal oil.

Aliivibrio fischeri↗
PubMed1987

Toxic-oil syndrome: case reports associated with the ITH oil refinery in Sevilla.

Toxic-oil syndrome (TOS), a new disease that occurred in epidemic form in Spain in 1981, has been associated with the ingestion of unlabelled oil bought principally from travelling salesmen. Chemical analysis of oils taken from ill families has shown them to consist of varying proportions of different vegetable oils and animal fats, often showing chemical evidence of prior treatment with aniline. We investigated the unusual circumstances surrounding the reported occurrence of three TOS cases in two families in Sevilla, a city located far away (approximately 300 km) from the group of 14 provinces in central and northwestern Spain where 99% of the TOS cases occurred. Each case we investigated fitted the clinical picture of TOS and was not consistent with any other diagnosis. Illness apparently occurred as a result of ingestion of oil taken from the ITH oil refinery in Sevilla, a plant in which rapeseed and grapeseed oils were refined for the distributing firm through which oil bearing the causative agent of TOS is thought to have entered the market. These data provide further strong support for the hypothesis that food oil was the vehicle by which the aetiological agent of TOS was transmitted. Because ingestion of refined denatured rapeseed oil was most closely associated with the illness in time, the TOS agent was probably contained initially in this type of oil. The agent very probably entered later oil mixtures through such contaminated rapeseed oil.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Oil, sugar, and starch characteristics in peanut breeding lines selected for low and high oil content and their combining ability.

Peanut seeds contain approximately 50% oil on a dry weight basis, making them a high fat food. Reduction of the oil content would make peanuts a more desirable food to fat conscious consumers. Removal of existing oil by processing is not feasible for in-shell peanuts, the dominant product of the North Carolina-Virginia area. To reduce oil content in in-shell peanuts, a genetic solution must be found. However, while reduced oil content is a desirable objective, changes in oil must not be accompanied by significant decreases in any of the desirable aspects of peanut flavor. Because the impact of selection for low or high oil on flavor is not known, it would be useful to know in what form dry matter is being stored in the seed, particularly if it is not being stored as oil. Screening of 584 accessions identified two lines (PI 269723 and PI 315608) with high and two (Robusto 2 and Robusto 3) with low oil contents, each pair differing in sugar content. The four parents were crossed in diallel fashion to investigate patterns of inheritance. General combining abilities (GCA) for oil content closely followed values of the parental lines. One low oil parent (Robusto 2) had a correspondingly elevated GCA for sugar content, but neither low oil parent had the effect of elevating starch in progeny. Reciprocal cross differences were found for starch and sugar contents, suggesting influences of cytoplasmic genes on those traits. These lines serve as resource material for researchers interested in the genetic and physiological aspects of the oil-sugar-starch relationship in peanuts.

Arachis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and clinicopathologic effects of large doses of raw linseed oil as compared to mineral oil in healthy horses.

The clinical and clinicopathologic effects of raw linseed oil and mineral oil were compared. In a crossover experimental design trial, 6 horses were given either raw linseed oil (2.5 mL/kg body weight) or mineral oil (10 mL/kg body weight), twice, 12 hours apart. Two weeks later, the horses received the opposite treatment. All horses given mineral oil or linseed oil developed nonformed feces by 24 hours of the first administration of oil. Horses treated with mineral oil had formed feces at 48 hours; horses treated with linseed oil developed normally formed feces at 96 to 108 hours. All horses treated with linseed oil had signs of depression and anorexia, and 3 had signs of mild colic. These signs were not observed in horses treated with mineral oil. Concentrations of serum glucose and bilirubin were significantly higher in horses treated with linseed oil when compared with horses treated with mineral oil.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro.

The in vitro antifungal activity of tea oil, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, has been evaluated against 26 strains of various dermatophyte species, 54 yeasts, among them 32 strains of Candida albicans and other Candida sp. as well as 22 different Malassezia furfur strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of tea tree oil were measured by agar dilution technique. Tea tree oil was found to be able to inhibit growth of all clinical fungal isolates. For the investigated dermatophytes MIC values from 1,112.5 to 4,450.0 micrograms/ml with a geometric mean of 1,431.5 micrograms/ml were demonstrated. Both C. albicans strains and the other strains belonging to the genus Candida and Trichosporon appeared to be slightly less susceptible to tea tree oil in vitro. However, their MIC values, which varied from 2,225.0 to 4,450.0 micrograms/ml (geometric mean 4,080 micrograms/ml), indicated moderate susceptibility to the essential oil of M. alternifolia. The lipophilic yeast M. furfur seemed to be most susceptible to tea tree oil. MIC values between 556.2 and 4,450.0 micrograms/ml (geometric mean 1,261.5 micrograms/ml) were found against the tested M. furfur strains. However, when calculated as percentage tea tree oil of the agar, the above-mentioned concentrations correspond to 0.5-0.44% tea tree oil content. These values are far below the usual relatively high therapeutic concentrations of the agent; approximately 5-10% solution or even the concentrated essential oil are used for external treatment. In comparison with tea tree oil, in vitro susceptibility against miconazole, an established topical antifungal, was tested. As expected, very low MIC values for miconazole were found for dermatophytes (geometric mean 0.2 microgram/ml), yeasts (geometric mean 1.0 microgram/ml), and M. furfur (geometric mean 2.34 micrograms/ml). It is suggested that the in vivo effect of tea tree oil ointment in the therapy of fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes as well as in the treatment of dandruff, a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, may be at least partly due to an antifungal activity of tea tree oil.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescence spectra measurement of olive oil and other vegetable oils.

Fluorescence spectra of some common vegetable oils, including olive oil, olive residue oil, refined olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and cotton oil, were examined in their natural state, with a wavelength of 360 nm used as excitation radiation. All oils studied, except extra virgin olive oil, exhibited a strong fluorescence band at 430-450 nm. Extra virgin olive oil gave a different by interesting fluorescence spectrum, composed of 3 bands: one low intensity doublet at 440 and 455 nm, one strong at 525 nm, and one of medium intensity at 681 nm. The band at 681 nm was identified as the chlorophyll band. The band at 525 nm was at least partly derived from vitamin E. The low intensity doublet at 440 and 455 nm correlated with the absorption intensity at 232 and 270 nm of olive oil. The measurements of these fluorescence spectra were quick (about 5 min) and easy and could possibly be used for authentification of virgin olive oil.

Olive Oil↗
PubMed1999

Impact of diets with corn oil or olive/sunflower oils on DNA damage in healthy young men.

BACKGROUND: Plant fats and oils are major sources of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as vitamin E, the major fat-soluble antioxidants in human nutrition. Dietary antioxidants are expected to reduce cancer risk by minimizing DNA damage. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the effects of gamma-tocopherol rich corn oil and the mixture of the alpha-tocopherol rich olive/sunflower oil on plasma concentration of tocopherols and on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), an indicator of DNA damage. METHODS: This study had a double-blind, cross-over design and was conducted in 20 normal healthy non-smoking males aged 19-31 years. Design included a 2-week adjustment period and two 2-week test periods in which diets containing 30% energy as fat including either 80 g of corn oil (CO) (20 mg alpha-tocopherol, 100 mg gamma-tocopherol) or 80 g of olive/ sunflower oil (OSO) (24 mg alpha-tocopherol, 2.4 mg gamma-tocopherol), as the main fat-source, were given. Blood samples for analysis of SCE rate and content of tocopherols were collected at the beginning (T0), after adjustment (T1) and after the test period (T2) in intervals of 2 weeks. RESULTS: After two weeks of the corn oil diet, the plasma concentration of gamma-tocopherol increased but alpha-tocopherol decreased significantly compared to the olive/sunflower oil diet. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased (CO: 22.99 +/- 1.11 vs. OSO: 24.40 +/- 1.49 micromol/l) and that of gamma-tocopherol decreased (CO: 4.19 +/- 0.29 vs. OSO: 2.99 +/- 0.25 micromol/l) after the olive/sunflower oil diet. Intake of the corn oil diet was associated with reduced SCE rate and intensity, whereas there was no change in SCE after the olive/sunflower oil diet (CO: 7.66 +/- 0.25 vs. OSO: 8.06 +/- 0.47 mean SCE/cell) CONCLUSIONS: The combination of gamma-tocopherol with alpha-tocopherol in corn oil diet despite the lower alpha-tocopherol equivalents/diene acid equivalents ratio achieved better protection against DNA damage than alpha-tocopherol alone in the olive/sunflower oil diet.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA adducts produced by oils, oil fractions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to repair processes and skin carcinogenesis.

Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly with three or four aromatic rings were tested for their ability to induce DNA adduct formation in mouse skin. Four of these were selected to investigate adduct formation and loss over a period of 8 days. Three mineral oils were also examined for their adduct forming ability and one was selected for adduct formation and loss over a period of 8 days. In addition, fractions derived from the same oil containing 2-3- and 4-6-ring aromatic compounds were applied to mouse skin in a non-carcinogenic oil vehicle and adduct levels were observed over an 8-day period. It was found that PAHs that had no mutagenic, initiating or carcinogenic activity and those that had mutagenic activity in bacteria but no initiating activity in mouse skin failed to produce DNA adducts in mouse skin. Two of the three PAHs with initiating activity and both complete carcinogens produced clear evidence of adduct formation, the adduct levels produced by complete carcinogens being 100-1000 times greater than those produced by initiators. Examination of adduct formation and loss with the carcinogenic PAHs benzo[a]pyrene and 5-methylchrysene over an 8-day period showed a peak at 24 h and an apparent two-phase process of adduct loss. It is suggested that the first steep loss was due to DNA repair and that the more gradual subsequent loss was probably due to epidermal hyperplasia and desquamation. With the initiator 1, 4-dimethylphenanthrene (three rings) a peak of adduct formation was seen at 2 days and adduct levels were not reduced much by 8 days. This suggested that, with initiators, adduct formation and repair may be spread over a longer period than with complete carcinogens. With the whole oils, clear evidence of adduct formation was seen with both a carcinogenic non-solvent-refined oil and with a non-carcinogenic residual oil. The level of adduct formation with the residual oil, however, was much lower than with the carcinogenic oil. When adduct formation by the carcinogenic oil was examined over 8 days, the pattern of adduct formation and loss was similar to that of a tumour initiator rather than a complete carcinogen. Peak adduct levels on the diagonal of the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates seemed to occur at 1 and 4 days after treatment, with no clear reduction after 8 days. From examination of adducts formed by the 2-3-ring and 4-6-ring aromatic fractions, it appeared that the main adduct spots produced by the carcinogenic oil were due to the 2-3-ring aromatic components of the oil. Adduct spots near the vertical axis of the TLC plates were also seen with the 2-3-ring and 4-6-ring fractions. The relevance of these spots is uncertain, but if they truly represent adducts, the findings suggest that they are due mainly to 4-ring PAHs. The studies suggest that the activity of carcinogenic oils is largely due to substituted 3- and 4-ring polycyclic aromatic compounds and that more attention should be paid to substituted 3-ring compounds in predicting the carcinogenic potential of oils from analytical data.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The stimulation of erucate metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes by rapeseed oil and hydrogenated marine oil-containing diets.

1. The metabolism of palmitate and especially of erucate was studied in hepatocytes isolated from rats fed for 3 weeks a diet containing peanut oil (diet, 1), rapeseed oil (diet 2) and partially hydrogenated marine oil (diet 3). 2. The metabolism of palmitate was not significantly influenced by the diet. The rapeseed oil diet caused 1.4 fold and 1.3 fold increase and marine oil diet 3 fold and 2.2 fold increase in the oxidation and chain-shortening respectively of [14-14C]erucic acid in isolated hepatocytes. 3. Cyanide and antimycin A did not inhibit the chain-shortening of erucate in liver cells of rats fed rapeseed oil and peanut oil. The high capacity of the chain-shortening system in hepatocytes of marine oil-fed rats was partially inhibited. 4. Inhibition of the transfer of fatty acids into the mitochondria by lowering the intracellular carnitine concentration and/or by addition of (+)-decanoyl-carnitine resulted in a very pronounced apparent stimulation of the chain-shortening of erucic acid. It is suggested that the chain-shortening system may be virtually independent of the mitochondria, unless the availability of the extramitochondria NAD+ and/or NADP+ is rate-limiting under conditions of extremely low redox potential of the mitochondria. 5. Feeding marine oil or rapeseed oil to the rats induced a 30% increase in catalase activity, a 25--30% increase in urate oxidase activity and a 50% increase in the total CoA in the liver compared to rats fed peanut oil. 6. It is suggested that the increased metabolism of erucate in hepatocytes of marine oil and rapeseed oil-fed rats may be due to the increase in ther peroxisomal beta-oxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Genotoxicity studies with mineral oils; effects of oils on the microbial mutagenicity of precursor mutagens and genotoxic metabolites.

In vitro genotoxicity assays are extensively used to predict carcinogenic activity in vivo. The standard microbial mutagenicity assays however often fail to yield positive results with mineral oils which are carcinogenic to mice in long-term skin-cancer studies. A comprehensive programme of studies has therefore investigated the basis of this apparently anomalous behaviour. This investigation has addressed the possible effects of oils on the bioactivation of precursor mutagens and the disposition of mutagenic metabolites by studying the microbial mutagenicity of selected precursor mutagens (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-naphthylamine) and intrinsically reactive mutagens [+/- )-benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide and (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene) in the presence and absence of mineral oils. Notably the mutagenicity associated with the deliberate additions of these mutagens or precursor mutagens to oils was readily detected by the microbial assays. The mutagenicity of only one of the precursor mutagens, benzo[a]pyrene, was significantly reduced by the oils, and then only in the standard plate-incorporation assay. Interestingly the degree of suppression appeared to be related to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of the oils. In the case of 2-aminoanthracene large enhancements in its mutagenicity were observed in the presence of oils. These latter findings appear to be due to effects of oils on the bioactivation of precursor mutagens rather than on the disposition of their bioactivation products. The mutagenicity of intrinsically reactive mutagens, of a type generated by bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was not significantly reduced in the presence of mineral oils. This indicates that it is unlikely that components in oils trap or facilitate the deactivation of ultimate mutagens whether these pre-exist in the oil or are formed from precursors by bioactivation in the in vitro test system. Viewed overall these results suggest that mineral oils judged to be carcinogenic on the basis of in vivo studies in mouse skin may possess only very weak genotoxic potential. While this potential is likely to be a prerequisite for carcinogenic action, the current results cause attention to be focussed on other factors, e.g. promotion, as potentially important determinants of the carcinogenic potencies of mineral oils in mouse skin.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed2004

Cleaning oiled shores: laboratory experiments testing the potential use of vegetable oil biodiesels.

A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the potential of vegetable oil biodiesel for the cleaning of oiled shorelines. In batch experiments, biodiesel was shown to have a considerable capacity to dissolve crude oil, which appears to be dependent on the type of biodiesel used. Pure vegetable oil biodiesels (rapeseed and soybean) were significantly more effective in the cleanup of oiled sands (up to 96%) than recycled waste cooking oil biodiesel (70%). In microcosm and mesocosm experiments, oiled sediments were sprayed with biodiesel and subjected to simulated tides. Microcosm experiments revealed that, of those tested, the highest ratio of biodiesel to crude oil, had the highest effectiveness for cleaning fine sands, with ratios of 2:1 (biodiesel:crude oil) giving the best results. In the mesocosm experiments a ratio 1:1 of soybean biodiesel to crude oil removed 80% of the oil in cobbles and fine sands, 50% in coarse sand and 30% in gravel. Most of the oil was removed with the surface water, with only a small amount being flushed through the sediments. Particle size and pore size were important determinants in the cleanup and mobility of crude oil in the sediments in these static systems. It is expected that the biodiesel effectiveness should improve in the natural environment particularly in exposed beaches with strong wave action. However, more laboratory and field trials are required to confirm the operational use of biodiesel as a shoreline cleaner.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed2005

Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera essential oils.

The essential oil isolated from Turkish tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty compounds representing 99.5% of total oil were identified. The predominant components in the oil were (Z)-anethole (81.0%), (Z)-beta-ocimene (6.5%), (E)-beta-ocimene (3.1%), limonene (3.1%), and methyleugenol (1.8%). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oils isolated from A. dracunculus, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera oils were also evaluated. In general, the oils exhibited potent antifungal activity at a wide spectrum on the growth of agricultural pathogenic fungi. Among the oils, the weakest antifungal activity was shown by the oil of A. dracunculus. In many cases, the oils of A. absinthium, A. santonicum, and A. spicigera completely inhibited the growth of some fungal species. As compared with antibacterial activities of all of tested oils, A. santonicum and A. spicigera oils showed antibacterial activities over a very wide spectrum. However, the essential oils tested showed lower inhibition zones than the inhibition zones of penicillin. In addition, antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of tarragon oil were determined, and weak antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities were found in comparison to butylated hydroxytoluene.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of the total free radical scavenger capacity of vegetable oils and oil fractions using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical.

The total free radical scavenger capacity (RSC) of 57 edible oils from different sources was studied: olive (24 brands of oils), sunflower (6), safflower (2), rapeseed (3), soybean (3), linseed (2), corn (3), hazelnut (2), walnut (2), sesame (2), almond (2), mixture of oils for salad (2), "dietetic" oil (2), and peanut (2). Olive oils were also studied according to their geographical origins (France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Spain, and Turkey). RSC was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the disappearance of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(*)) at 515 nm. The disappearance of the radical followed a double-exponential equation in the presence of oils and oil fractions, which suggested the presence of two (fast and slow) groups of antioxidants. RSC was studied for the methanol-soluble phase ("methanolic fraction", MF) of the oil, the fraction nonsoluble in methanol ("lipidic fraction", LF), and the nonfractionated oil ("total oil"; TF = MF + LF). Only olive, linseed, rapeseed, safflower, sesame, and walnut oils showed significant RSC in the MF due to the presence of phenolic compounds. No significant differences were found in the RSC of olive oils from different geographical origins. Upon heating at 180 degrees C the apparent constant for the disappearance of RSC (k(T)) and the half-life (t1/2) of RSC for MF, LF, and TF were calculated. The second-order rate constants (k2) for the antiradical activity of some phenolic compounds present in oils are also reported.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional properties of poppyseed oil relative to some other oils.

Male Wistar rats were fed a purified basal diet with 20% lard and corn oil (3:1), sunflower oil, poppyseed oil, low-erucic rapeseed oil from Brassica napus, cultivar Tower, or mixtures of these oils, for 1 or 26 weeks. None of the hearts exhibited lipidosis at 1 week. At 26 weeks, the level of serum triglycerides was higher in rats fed the mixture of lard and corn oil than in those fed only vegetable oil, and the incidence of cardiac necrosis and fibrosis was higher in rats fed the rapeseed oil than in the other animals. Cardiac phospholipids in rats fed the rapeseed oil contained an elevated level of omega 3 docosahexaenoic acid, particularly in phosphatidylethanolamine. Poppyseed oil exhibited properties similar to those of sunflower oil, was absorbed as well as olive oil, and appeared to be a promising oil for human consumption.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Study on the determination of tung oil adulterated in vegetable oils by first derivative spectrophotometry].

A method of first derivative spectrophotometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tung oil adulterated in vegetable oils, including peanut oil, bean oil, rape seed oil, tea seed oil, palm oil and mixed vegetable oil, was established. The spectrum of tung oil features three valleys at 291.3, 278.3 and 266.4nm, and three peaks at 284.1, 271.5 and 260.7nm. At 291.3nm, the coefficient (deltaE(1%)1cm/deltalambda) was -1.03 x 10(3). When the concentration of tung oil adulterated in vegetable oils was downed to 0.1%, the above specialities still remain and the changes in wavelengths were not more than 0.7nm. The detection limit of the concentration of tung oil adulterated in vegetable oils was lower than 0.1%.

Food Analysis↗