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Results for “Neck Injuries”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Head and neck injuries to motorcycle and moped riders--with special regard to the effect of protective helmets.

In a consecutive series of 132 motorcycle and moped riders killed in 1977-1983 in southern Sweden and examined post mortem, almost half of the fatal injuries of the head and neck occurred remote from the point of impact, namely certain intracranial injuries without fractures, ring fractures of the base of the skull, disruption of the junction of the head and neck and injuries of the cervical spine. Ring fractures of the base of the skull were noticeably more frequent in motorcyclists than in car occupants who died. Injuries occurring remote from the point of impact were often the result of impacts against the anterior part of the head, especially against the face. All 5 riders suffering disruption of the junction of the head and neck were helmeted, which suggests that the helmet may promote such injuries. In some of these cases, no sign of impact against the head could be detected. The inertia of the head, enhanced by the helmet, is supposed to contribute to some of these injuries, which calls into question the protection provided by the helmet. Fatal head injuries at the point of impact were mostly found on the lateral-posterior part of the head. These injuries were often irrespective of whether or not a helmet was used. The points of impact were found mainly rung around the head. Protective helmets should be improved in order to give better protection against injuries at the site of impact, especially in the above-mentioned area, to give better protection of the face and to increase energy-absorbing capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Best evidence topic report. Role of flexion/extension radiography in neck injuries in adults.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether flexion-extension radiography is indicated in the investigation of a neurologically intact adult patient with midline neck tenderness and normal 3-view cervical spinal radiographs. Altogether 101 papers were found using the reported search, of which five presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1980

Lateral medullary syndrome after neck injury.

Several reported cases of brainstem stroke followed neck manipulation or trauma. We describe a 28-year-old man who had a lateral medullary syndrome after cervical hyperextension in an automobile accident. Angiography revealed complete occlusion of the left vertebral artery.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Transient cervical nerve root compression in the rat induces bilateral forepaw allodynia and spinal glial activation: mechanical factors in painful neck injuries.

STUDY DESIGN: An in vivo rat model of transient cervical nerve root compression. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential for cervical nerve root compression to produce behavioral hypersensitivity and examine its dependence on compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Clinically, nerve root injury has been hypothesized as a potential source of neck pain, particularly because cervical nerve roots are at mechanical risk for injury during neck loading. Lumbar radiculopathy models of nerve root ligation show that mechanical allodynia and spinal glial changes depend on nerve root deformation magnitude. However, no investigation has been performed to examine cervical nerve root compression as a cause of pain. METHODS: Two compressive forces (10 and 60 grams force [gf]) were transiently applied to the C7 nerve roots unilaterally using microvascular clips in separate groups (n = 12 each). Sham procedures were also performed in a separate group of rats (n = 12). Bilateral forepaw mechanical allodynia was monitored after surgery for 7 days. On day 7, spinal glial activation was assessed using immunohistochemistry to investigate its dependence on nerve root compressive force, in the context of behavioral hypersensitivity. RESULTS: Bilateral allodynia was observed following injury, which was significantly (P < 0.042) increased over sham and baseline responses. No difference in allodynia was found between the 10 and 60 gf injuries. Astrocytic and microglial activation were observed in the ipsilateral dorsal horn following compression, with only astrocytic activation paralleling allodynia patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Results imply a force threshold exists less than 10 gf for persistent pain symptoms following transient cervical nerve root compression. Findings also suggest that spinal glial activation may be related to behavioral sensitivity and may modulate cervical nerve root mediated pain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

National football head and neck injury registry: report on cervical quadriplegia, 1971 to 1975.

Data on cervical spine injuries resulting from participation in football have been compiled by a national registry established in 1975. Information has been collected retrospectively by defined criteria since 1971. Efforts have been made to establish the mechanism of injury responsible in the majority of instances on the basis of epidemiologic evidence and recognized biomechanical principles. During the 5-year period, 77 deaths resulted from severe neck injuries. During this period, 1,275,000 players were exposed. Ninety-nine cervical fracture-dislocations resulting in permanent quadriplegia and 259 cervical fractures-dislocations occurred. There may be a "trend" towards an increase in permanent quadriplegia resulting from serious cervical spine injuries sustained while playing football. Apparently, the cause can be attributed to the helmet-face mask that has encouraged the use of the head as the primary point of contact in blocking, tackling, and head butting. The figures clearly identify defensive backs, linebackers, or specialty team members making tackles by using the head as the initial point of contact, as the individuals at greatest risk to sustain cervical spine injuries resulting in permanent quadriplegia.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Neck injuries: I. Occipitoatlantal dislocation--a pathologic study of twelve traffic fatalities.

Twelve of 155 persons killed in traffic crashes had occipitoatlantal dislocations. Nine were vehicular occupants, 2 were cyclists, and one was a pedestrian. The dislocations involved various combinations of lacerations of the alar ligaments, the occipitoatlantal joint capsules, the dura mater, the tectorial membrane, the rectus capitis muscles, and the suboccipital muscles. In 2 instances, an occipital condyle failed instead of the corresponding alar ligament, producing condyle fractures. Atlas ring fractures occurred in 3 instances. Axial and subaxial cervical trauma were uncommon. Facial or mandibular fractures occurred in a majority of cases, vault skull fractures were uncommon, and basilar fractures were absent. Pontomedullary brainstem lacerations occurred in 9 of the 12, and 4 had midbrain lacerations. The majority of the victims succumbed to acute neurogenic shock as the sole or the major mechanism of death. The biomechanical basis for occipitoatlantal dislocation is discussed, and the author suggests that distraction, in concert with variable combinations of extension, rotation, and posterior translation is responsible for occipitoatlantal dislocations.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

The influence of surface padding properties on head and neck injury risk.

A validated computational head-neck model was used to understand the mechanical relationships between surface padding characteristics and injury risk during impacts near the head vertex. The study demonstrated that injury risk can be decreased by maximizing the energy-dissipating ability of the pad, choosing a pad stiffness that maximizes pad deformation without bottoming out, maximizing pad thickness, and minimizing surface friction. That increasing pad thickness protected the head without increasing neck loads suggests that the increased cervical spine injury incidence previously observed in cadaveric impacts to padded surfaces relative to lubricated rigid surfaces was due to increased surface friction rather than pocketing of the head in the pad.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[Symptoms in patients with neck injury after a car crash. A retrospective study].

139 persons who contacted The Regional Hospital, Trondheim, between 1 January and 1 September for whiplash injury caused by a car crash from behind were asked whether they still had problems six months or more after the accident. 51% reported having symptoms and 12% reported serious problems. Five persons were still out of work because of the neck injury. 63% of the questioned persons were female and the percentage of women increased with increasing symptoms. There was no correlation between age and problems. There were more persons without symptoms among office employees (70%), managers/university educated persons (53%) and students/pupils (50%) than among unskilled workers/professional drivers (35%) and housewives/retired persons/pensioners/unemployed (35%).

Accidents, Traffic↗