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PubMedDate not supplied

Status of imported malaria in a control zone of the United Arab Emirates bordering an area of unstable malaria.

A concerted malaria eradication programme in the United Arab Emirates has reduced local transmission to only a very few small foci in the country. The Al Ain district is now a consolidation zone. However, transmission across the undemarcated border with Oman continues. Malaria imported by the large immigrant work force from major disease endemic areas remains a large burden. An added threat is the appearance of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum principally from Sudan and Pakistan but increasingly amongst Omani cases seen in the hospitals and clinics in Al Ain. The implications of re-introduction of malaria and the establishment of chloroquine resistance, particularly for non-immune residents and visitors, are emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reproductive health of Asian women: a comparative study with hospital and community perspectives.

A comparative study of Asian and non-Asian women's reproductive health was performed. The hospital case notes of 48 Asian and 51 non-Asian women, matched for age, were examined. Asian women had shorter stature, bigger families, booked later for antenatal care, and were less likely to have a cervical smear taken. Of the above, 30 Asian and 24 non-Asian women were interviewed in their homes. Many Asian women had difficulties with the English language and a low literacy rate which gave rise to communication barriers during health care. Their knowledge of procedures and tests such as amniocentesis, self examination of the breast etc. was comparatively low. Fewer Asians attended parent-craft classes or did post-natal exercises. Many disliked, and some refused, vaginal examination by male doctors. Despite equal access, Asian women were less well informed and made lesser use of services. Lack of knowledge and difficulties of communication, rather than negative attitudes, may explain Asian women's lesser use of services and to some extent the poor outcome of pregnancy observed in many studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Interacting factors affecting illegitimacy in preindustrial northern England.

Illegitimacy in a historic, single community at Penrith, Cumbria (1557-1812), has been studied using aggregative analysis, family reconstitution and time series analysis. This population was living under extreme conditions of hardship. Long, medium and short wavelength cycles in the rate of illegitimacy have been identified by time series analysis; each represents a different response to social and economic pressures. In a complex interaction of events, the peaks of the cycles in wheat prices were associated with rises in adult mortality which promoted an influx of migrants and a concomitant rise in illegitimacy. The association between immigration and illegitimacy was particularly noticeable after the mortality crises of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Children of immigrant families also tended to produce illegitimate offspring. Native and immigrant families responded differently to extrinsic fluctuations, and variations in their reproductive behaviour were probably related to access to resources.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1990

Long term demographic effect of a constant stream of immigration when the population is not reproducing itself.

The author describes the use of a model to investigate "the age composition of the stationary population resulting from a condition of below replacement fertility and a continuous stream of immigrants, the size of which for any age remain invariant over time.... We have shown that the number dying among [migrants] is the same as the number of them entering over any time interval, and that is precisely how their stationarity is maintained." The geographical focus is on developed countries that are experiencing below-replacement fertility levels. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1991

Targeted reintegration of expatriate brains into developing countries of origin: the EEC-IOM experience in Central America.

"The present article...reviews the major findings of the end-evaluation of the EEC-IOM project in Central America, the Dominican Republic and Panama, a five-year scheme funded by the Commission of the European Communities (EEC) and implemented by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), to promote a selective and development-oriented return of Latin American professionals to Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.... The core objectives of this evaluation, undertaken in September-December 1989, were to assess the project's contribution to local socioeconomic, scientific and technological development through the selective supply of expatriate professionals to developing institutions operating in so-defined priority areas; to identify the returnees' personal reintegration patterns at the professional, socioeconomic and family-related levels; and to measure the project's cost effectiveness." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1991

Teenage pregnancy in Scotland: trends and risks.

Teenage pregnancy, considered to be associated with social and medical risks, is seen as a growing problem. Population based information from the Registrar General (Scotland) and Notification of Abortion permitted an analysis of the trends in the numbers, rates and outcomes of pregnancies among women aged less than 20 years. In addition, clinical information is available on all deliveries in Scottish hospitals from the standard hospital discharge document permitting analysis of the association of defined complications with age. Contrary to current perceptions, pregnancies and births among teenagers are not more frequent in 1988 when compared to 1975. There has been, however, a large increase in births to single women, a group with particular problems. The obstetric risks when compared to older women, are small and probably socially, not age related. These include a slightly higher rate of pre-term delivery and low birthweight and a later presentation for specialist antenatal care. The proportion of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects which are terminated is lower among women under 20. These medical risks are small, however, compared to the well-documented social and economic problems which will have long term and indirect effects on health.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1998

Condom use among Aboriginal people in Ontario, Canada.

A survey of 658 Aboriginal men and women living in 11 reserve communities in Ontario, Canada, was utilized to collect data on patterns of condom use. Individuals who had sexual intercourse in the previous 12 months were included in the analysis (n=400). Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyse condom use in the previous 12 months. Eight per cent always, 31% sometimes, and 61% never used condoms. Rates of condom use differed with the number of sex partners in the last year, age, gender, having a steady sex partner, and marital status. Multiple logistic regression revealed that people most likely to use condoms were under the age of 30, male, did not have a long-term steady sex partner, had more than one sex partner, worried about pregnancy, were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS, and were not embarrassed to obtain condoms. Condom users who were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and who knew someone with HIV/AIDS were more likely to always use condoms. The most common reason for not using a condom was 'I was with my steady sex partner'. These results have implications for STD prevention efforts and for future research of sexual and STD preventive behaviour among Aboriginal people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ethnicity as a risk factor for consultations in primary health care and out-patient care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of ethnicity, defined as foreign-born people, on consultation rates, admissions and prescriptions in out-patient care and primary health care. DESIGN: Prospective study of attenders at four different caregivers during seven consecutive weeks in 1988. Age-and sex-standardized relative risks and odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated. SETTING: A suburban area in Lund, a city located in the south of Sweden, with 28% foreign-born people. SUBJECTS: This population (N = 5085) made 1,348 consultations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ethnic group and consultation rates of the local primary health care centre, the emergency department, hospital out-patient department, and private care, admissions to specialist care, prescriptions, and certified sick leave. RESULTS: Swedes made fewer age-and sex-standardized visits to the emergency department (RR = 0.69(0.48-0.99)) while the foreign-born people showed an opposite non-significant trend (RR = 1.37(0.95-1.99)). Latin Americans (RR = 1.60(1.02-2.51)) visited the local Primary Health Care centre in the residential area more than expected, while people born in Asia and Africa consulted the Primary Health Care centre less than expected (RR = 0.44(0.28-0.69)). There were no differences between Swedes and foreign-born people in being put on the sick-list, but foreign-born people were given significantly fewer prescriptions (RR = 0.07(0.03-0.19)) than Swedes. Foreign-born people, Latin Americans, and non-Swedish Scandinavians were referred significantly more often to hospital than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were important differences in consultations between Swedes and foreign-born people. It seems important to study these differences further to find out if they were due to morbidity or cultural differences in order to be able to meet the demands and needs of different ethnic groups.

Africa↗
PubMed1987

Qatar.

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Asia↗
PubMed1999

[Divorces, 1997].

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Demography↗
PubMed1992

Birth spacing and child mortality in a Caribbean population.

Ten independent variables were used to predict death before the first birthday for 4411 births that took place from 1878 to 1976 to 978 women of native ancestry on the island of St. Barthélemy. Significant predictors of death include the death of the mother within a year, the birth year, multiple birth, whether the preceding child also died before 1 year of age, and whether the next child was conceived before the index child was 1 year old. Unlike most prior studies, birth-spacing variables were only weakly related to death in the first year. The relative absence of contraceptive techniques to control birth spacing in the study population and the use of vital records rather than survey data distinguish this project from others and may account at least partly for the unusual findings.

Birth Intervals↗