Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “NASAL CAVITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Evaluation of nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry in Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnic groups.

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity by measuring the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) and nasal volume (V) by means of acoustic reflection. Understanding the normal and pathologic conditions of the internal nasal cavity using AR is important in the diagnosis of structural abnormalities in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the normal range of AR parameters in healthy volunteers from three ethnic groups in Singapore: Chinese, Malay and Indian. We also attempted to evaluate the role of these measurements in the documentation of structural abnormalities in the nose. A total of 189 Singaporeans, aged > or = 18 years, were recruited from a nationwide survey study. They comprised 83 Chinese, 35 Malays and 71 Indians. Eighty-nine subjects had a rhinoscopically normal nose (Group 1), 77 had significant septal deviation (Group 2) and 23 had inferior turbinate hypertrophy (Group 3). AR was performed to measure the MCA at the anterior 1-5 cm from the nostril and the volume (V) between points at the nostril and 5 cm into the nose. A mean MCA (mMCA; equal to (L + R)/2) and a total volume (Vt; equal to L + R) were then calculated for each subject, where L and R refer to the measurements made for the left and right nostrils, respectively. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in mMCA (p = 0.80) and Vt (p = 0.60) among the three ethnic subgroups of Group 1. Statistically significant differences were found only between Groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.001 for both mMCA and Vt) and between Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.001 for mMCA and p = 0.013 for Vt). Although there was no significant difference between Groups 1 and 2, significant differences in MCA (p = 0.001) and V (p = 0.040) were found between the narrower sides (smaller volume) and the wider sides in Group 2, indicating volume compensation between the nasal cavities. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the normal range of AR measurements among Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnic groups. AR is able to determine the structural abnormality of the internal nasal cavity caused by septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1989

Angiosarcoma of the nasal cavity and maxillary antrum.

Angiosarcoma (malignant haemangioendothelioma) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. Only a few cases have been reported in literature. A case of angiosarcoma of the nasal cavity and maxillary antrum in a 38-year-old male patient is reported. He was treated with pre-operative external radiotherapy followed by wide excision of the tumour. He currently remains free of the disease 10 months after diagnosis (and seven months after completing therapy).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical analysis of 9 cases chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis and treatment levels of the chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. METHOD: Nine patients with chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were investigated. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed respectively. RESULT: The clinic pathologic features of chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were complex and various. The lesions were wide and close to the skull base in 4 patients with secondary chondrosarcoma, poorer prognosis was noted. Irregular and molted calcifications were radiographic findings of chondrosarcoma. Eight patients were diagnosed after explorative operation by partial or total resection of tumor. Histological grade I were the commonest. CONCLUSION: Histological, clinical features and computed tomography should be paid attention to the disease and early explorative operation and resection will make contribution to the definite diagnosis and prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[A case of amelanotic melanoma of the nasal cavity].

A 68-year-old male visited Hospital A for treatment of epistaxis, his chief complaint. He was told that he had an easily-bleeding tumor in the nasal cavity. Based of biopsy, a diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma was made. Operation was performed for removal of the tumor. About 8 months after discharge, he visited Hospital B with complaints of lumbar pain and epistaxis. After biopsy at Hospital B, malignant lymphoma (diffuse large cell) was diagnosed, and the patient was referred to our hospital. On bone marrow puncture and biopsy, tumor cell infiltration was observed. Flow cytometric surface marker analysis revealed that these tumor cells were negative for CD45. Results of HE staining of the nasal cavity tumor were insufficient for diagnosis, and staining by immunohistochemistry was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. On immunohistochemical staining of the nasal cavity tumor tissue and bone marrow biopsy tissue, LCA, L26 and UCHL-1 were negative, and S-100 and HMB-45 positive. Recurrence of amelanotic melanoma accompanied by bone marrow infiltration was therefore diagnosed. The incidence of amelanotic melanoma with primary lesions in the nasal cavity is low. However, in making the diagnosis of a nasal cavity lesion, the possibility of such a melanoma should be kept in mind. In many cases, it is difficult to diagnose amelanotic melanoma with HE staining alone, and immunohistochemistry must be used.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity. A case report].

We present an extremely rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity in a 31-year old woman who when to consultation because of right nasal obstruction. The radiologic discoveries by computerized tomography showed a tumor of the right nasal cavity with septal lysis. Incisional biopsy was done, with a histopathological report of pleomorphic adenoma. Later, surgical exeresis of the neoplasm was perform with the facial degloving technique and the histology revealed pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1997

[Experimental studies and clinical significance of p53 gene mutation in carcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

By using PCR-SSCP method, 21 specimens of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses carcinomas which were freshly frozen and paraffin embedded were detected for the mutation of p53 gene (exon 6). The overall mutation frequency of patients was 67% (14 out of 21), which was 33% (1 out of 3), 50% (3 out of 6), 67% (4 out of 6) and 100% (6 out of 6) respectively in clinical stage I to IV, 33% (2 out of 6), 67% (4 out of 6) and 89% (8 out of 9) respectively in well, moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas, and 100% (4 out of 4) and 59% (10 out of 17) respectively in lymph-node metastasis and non-lymphnode metastasis. It was not statistically significant when the Chi-square test was applied (P > 0.05), but there was a tendency towards an increase in p53 mutation frequency with highly malignant, poorly differentiated and lymph-node metastasis carcinomas. The results indicate that the mutation of p53 gene plays an important role in the initial and progression of nasal cavity and praranasal sinuses carcinomas. Detection of p53 mutation using the above sensitive and rapid method reveals practical significance for judging malignant level and evaluating prognosis of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity invading the anterior skull base in a young child. Case report.

The benign osteoblastoma is rarely seen as a tumor of the facial bone in infancy or early childhood. Only five cases with nasal involvement have been reported in the literature. The authors present a case of osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity, the nasal bone, the ethmoid sinus, and the anterior cranial base. This 3-year-old girl presented with a tumor surrounding the left medial canthus. Imaging studies, including x-ray films, computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance images, a (99m)Tc-scintigram, and angiograms, confirmed the location of the tumor. A biopsy specimen of tumor was obtained intranasally and the pathological diagnosis was an osteoblastic tumor suggestive of osteoblastoma. Although the tumor margin was well defined on the radiological images, it was difficult to determine the exact margin during the operation. Therefore, it is important to show how to excise the tumor completely under direct view. With the use of a "dismasking flap," it was possible to resect the benign osteoblastoma completely from the nasal cavity, even though it extended into the orbit, the maxilla, and the anterior cranial base.

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Carcinomas of the nasal cavity.

Between 1969 and 1985, 45 patients with carcinomas of the nasal cavity proper received curative treatment. Thirty patients had squamous cell carcinoma, one had undifferentiated carcinoma, 9 had adenocarcinoma, and 5 had adenoid cystic carcinoma. Eighteen patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy (interstitial brachytherapy in 5 and external beam therapy in 13 patients), and 27 received surgery and radiotherapy. The median length of follow-up was 11 years (range: 2.8-16.8 years). Thirty-six patients had no evidence of disease at the last follow-up visit. All 14 patients with carcinoma of the nasal septum had the disease controlled. Nine of 31 patients with lesions of the lateral wall and floor died of the disease, 5 of uncontrolled local disease, 2 of distant metastases, and 2 of both. The disease-specific survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 83 and 80%, respectively, and the corresponding overall survival rates were 75 and 60%, respectively. Blindness occurred in 4 patients, 2 due to orbital exenteration and 2 to radiation injury to the cornea and optic pathway. Other infrequent side effects were bone necrosis, dental decay, nasal stenosis, and septal perforation. This study indicated that the prognosis of patients with nasal cavity carcinoma was better than that of patients with maxillary sinus cancer treated during the same era. In addition, the study showed that carcinomas of the nasal septum were smaller than those of lateral wall and floor at diagnosis, so that excellent control could be achieved by definitive radiotherapy; when accessible, interstitial brachytherapy might be the treatment of choice in such patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[CT diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the CT characters of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma initially located in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. METHOD: The CT manifestations of 9 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma initially located in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses verified by pathology were analysed retrospectively. RESULT: 1) Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is essentially malignant, acts as a typical malignancy in its clinical manifestation, but on CT, its bone destruction acts as a benign tumor consisting of bone remodeling. 2) Hypertrophic mucosa lies on septum chiefly. 3) Mass with soft tissue density always involves in inferior meatus and inferior turbinate. CONCLUSION: The CT manifestation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma initially located in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has its own characters.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Acoustic rhinometry: evaluation of the nasal cavity with septal deviations, before and after septoplasty.

We introduce acoustic rhinometry as a new, objective method to assess the geometry of the nasal cavity. The cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity as a function of distance from the nostrils was obtained. A group of 21 patients with septal deformities was examined with acoustic rhinometry preoperatively and postoperatively. These values were compared with those of 21 normal control subjects. The minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) is located in the anterior part of the nose, and it shifts anteriorly under the effect of decongestion. The preoperative value of MCA is related to the location and severity of the anterior septal deformity. Postoperative smaller MCA found in the opposite side of that narrowed by a severe anterior septal deformity may be explained by the impact of septoplasty without reduction of a hypertrophic turbinate. A highly significant relation between MCA and the subjective feeling of nasal patency, before and after surgery, suggests that MCA is a valuable parameter to express nasal patency. Correction of posterior septal deformities is found to increase significantly the cross-sectional area posteriorly. The effect of decongestion in the postoperative values, however, suggests that the mucosa contributes even more to the cross-sectional area of the posterior part of the nose. Acoustic rhinometry seems very suitable for evaluation of the nasal cavity in cases where septoplasty and turbinoplasty is considered, as well as for the postoperative evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Malignant melanoma of nasal cavity: report of 24 cases].

The malignant melanoma of nasal cavity is one of the refractory diseases. The malignant degree and the recurrent rate of this disease are high. And it is very easy to make misdiagnosis. This article reviewed the clinical and pathological data of malignant melanoma of nasal cavity for 20 years from 1971 to 1991. All the patients were followed up. We found that there were altogether 24 cases of this disease which covered 0.02% of all the inpatients during that period of time. The pathological characteristics of this tumor showed that there was a typical fore-melanin body in different tumor cells. If we pay attention to the minor and grained melanin, misdiagnosis can be avoided. Surgery is the first choice for this disease. And the post-operative radiotherapy, laser therapy gives a better result.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasal cavity of mice causes lower respiratory tract infection after airway obstruction.

A model of persistent colonisation in the nasal cavity of mice by Streptococcus pneumoniae has been established. S. pneumoniae NNP-4 was introduced to the lungs of CBA/J mice at a density of c. 10(4) cfu/lung by an aerosol method and a high dose of ampicillin was administered 1 h after infection. This antibiotic eliminated bacteria from the lungs and trachea, but did not affect the bacterial counts in the nasal cavity. In mice given ampicillin, the bacteria were recovered from the nasal cavity only more than 2 weeks after infection, but IgG antibody against the colonising organisms was produced in sera around day 8 after infection. Airway obstruction was induced by intratracheal injection of formalin 2% into mice. Organisms appeared in the lungs in greater numbers when formalin was injected before the antibody production than when the immunity was established. In the early stages of infection, 10(3)-10(4) cfu appeared in the lungs 6 h after the formalin injection and the bacterial counts increased to c. 10(6) cfu within 24 h. When ampicillin was administered again 1 h after formalin was given, no bacteria were recovered from lungs 6 h later. However, in some of the mice given ampicillin after formalin, bacteria appeared in the lungs on the next day and the bacterial counts increased thereafter. These results suggest that S. pneumoniae in the nasal cavity invade the lower respiratory tract and that these organisms can localise and proliferate in lungs in the event of damage to the airway.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

Turbinate hypertrophy. Evaluation of the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry.

We used acoustic rhinometry to assess the geometry of the nasal cavity. The cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity as a function of distance from the nostrils was obtained. Seventeen patients with hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate and septal deviations were examined preoperatively and postoperatively; 34 normal subjects served as controls. The cross-sectional area at the anterior part of the nose suggested that skeletal hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate might be expected in the side opposite the main septal deviation. Unilateral inferior turbinoplasty seems advisable.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of methodology for the three-dimensional modelling of the metabolic capacity of the rat nasal cavity using glutathione S-transferase M1 as an example.

A variety of chemicals induce site-specific lesions in the rodent nasal cavity. In order to explore the reasons for this site-selectivity, methodology for (a) creation of a 3-dimensional (3D) model of a rat nasal cavity, and (b) mapping of semiquantitative data onto the model has been developed. The head of a rat was fixed, decalcified, step-sectioned (every 100 microm) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Digital images of the sections were optically captured, and a KS400 image analysis system (Imaging Associates, Thame, Oxford, UK), attached to a standard personal computer, was used to align adjacent images and reconstruct the series in 3D. The final model was anatomically correct, and could be rotated in any plane and manipulated to display individual internal structures. The spatial localization of a glutathione S-transferase (rGSTM1, previously known as GST 3-3) within this model was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Step sections (every 400 microm) were stained, analyzed by imaging densitometry, and the results for the stained regions within the nasal cavity divided into 4 grades representing high to low expression of rGSTM1. The data was mapped onto the 3D model and showed that the highest expression of this enzyme was in the central regions of the nasal cavity at the transition between respiratory and olfactory epithelia. This methodology will allow investigation of the relationship between the in situ localization of bioactivating and detoxifying enzyme systems and the site-specificity of nasal lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. XIII: Meningiomas.

Twelve cases of meningiomas involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are reported. Meningiomas only rarely involve the upper respiratory tract; these 12 cases were found among the 566,000 surgical pathology cases that have been studied in this laboratory. In this series, five meningiomas probably arose in the cranial cavity and secondarily extended into the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Because radiographs demonstrated hyperostosis or bone destruction, three other tumors could have involved the cranial cavity, but this was never proven. In two other cases, the meningiomas appeared to involve only extracranial tissues and thus probably were primary extracranial lesions. (The data available in two other cases were insufficient to assess the possibility of intracranial involvement). These patients clinically had nonspecific signs and symptoms similar to those produced by other types of neoplasms growing in the upper respiratory tract. The tumor involved the sphenoid area in seven cases, the nasal cavity in six, the maxilla in five, the ethmoid sinus in four, and the frontal sinus in one. The diagnosis was first established when biopsy material was examined, although in several cases the presence of meningioma was first suggested on radiographic examination. Treatment depended upon the size and location of the tumor. In some cases, surgical resection appeared to control the lesion. These tumors did not appear to respond well to radiotherapy. The histologic differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the nasal cavity].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different treatments on the prognosis of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the nasal cavity. METHODS: A retrospective study of 59 patients who suffered from stage I(E) primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the nasal cavity was presented. They were treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy of CHOP regimen, in which 33 patients received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, 8 patients received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, 10 patients received chemotherapy alone, and 8 patients received radiotherapy alone. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, the difference between groups was evaluated by log-rank test, and the comparison of rates was carried out by chi(2) test. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 71.2%, 42.0% and 38.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the patients received different treatments (chi(2) = 2.98, P = 0.3943), but the patients received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy seemed to have a better survival curve than other patients. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 84.2%, 67.7% and 62.0% for lesion limited in nasal cavity but 50.0%, 14.3% and 14.3% for lesion extended and involved the adjacent structures (chi(2) = 10.46, P = 0.0012). As the initial therapy, 24 patients who received chemotherapy of more than 3 cycles, and 16 patients who received radiotherapy of more than 40 Gy, and the complete response (CR) rates were 25.0% and 75.0% (chi(2) = 9.697, P = 0.002). Among 43 patients received chemotherapy, the CR rates for those who received 2, 3 - 4 and 5 - 6 cycles were 10.5%, 25.0% and 25.0%, respectively (chi(2) = 1.467, P = 0.48). Patients who received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy have higher rates of both complication and treatment-related mortality, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.202 and 0.693). CONCLUSION: For stage I non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the nasal cavity, radiotherapy should be the first treatment to get early local control. Chemotherapy may be followed at the discretion of the pathological grade and clinical staging, or IPI.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity.

The management of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity, a relatively rare tumor, is described, with results of long-term follow-up. We treated five such patients by means of radiotherapy combined with surgery in all but one case. Three patients received a dose of 40 Gy preoperatively, one received 60 Gy of radical radiotherapy, and one received 38 Gy of postoperative radiotherapy. During the follow-up period, one patient developed a local recurrence and two patients developed distant metastases. Nasal cavity tumors in our patients were diagnosed early, and local control using a combination of radiotherapy and surgery was relatively effective. Distant metastases occurred in two of five patients during the follow-up period, suggesting that the possibility of distant metastases during follow-up was considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Malignant melanoma of nasal cavity: report of 16 Japanese patients.

BACKGROUND: Primary malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity is a rare disease that has a poor prognosis. There are significant racial differences in the incidence of melanomas in the nasal cavity. METHODS: Sixteen Japanese patients treated at the Hospital of Tokyo University were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were treated with surgery. Two patients received treatment with radiotherapy alone. Seven patients had microscopically negative surgical margins and seven patients had positive surgical margins. The 2- and 5-year actuarial survival rates for all patients were 63.6 and 31.8%, respectively. No statistically significant difference could be shown in the overall survival rate between patients with positive surgical margins and those with negative surgical margins. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features of nasal melanoma in Japanese are not different from nasal melanoma in Caucasians. The negative surgical margins were not predictive of a better prognosis.

Aged↗