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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Fight against smoking: information and misinformation].

For decades tobacco manufacturers have attempted to trivialise the health risks associated with tobacco, reinforce and enhance its social acceptability using powerful communication and reprehensible strategies. Prevention campaigns have contributed to raise public awareness on the health risks associated with smoking. They have also allowed for an evolution of the social representation of tobacco use. From 2001, to stop tobacco consumption taking off again, media campaigns have become more offensive both in content and form. Today the communication strategy places as priority objectives the reinforcement of the socially unacceptable character of tobacco use (denormalisation) via information on health risks and cessation support for smokers to quit. In 2002, a media campaign (TV, radio, press) denounced the toxicity of tobacco smoke provoking a true remobilisation of public opinion against tobacco.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2006

Trend misinformed.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Public reporting on individual hospitals' quality: the risk of misinformation].

OBJECTIVE: increasingly information on individual hospital' clinical performance is disclosed to the general public through lay mass media. Usually the explicit goal of those initiatives is to guide citizens' choice identifying the "best", centres. However, these efforts rely either on simplistic approaches in comparing the clinical performance of individual hospitals or on inadequate quality indicators. Therefore, this information may easily misguide the general public. In this paper, in order to highlight the problems implied, we consider two recent cases of mass media reporting on hospitals' quality. METHODS: Two recent cases of mass media reporting on cardiac surgery centres' quality are considered: the BPAC study "Esiti a breve termine di interventi di by-pass coronarico nelle cardiochirurgie italiane" coordinated by the Italian Institute of Health, and the publication by the news magazine Panorama of the list of the "best" Italian cardiac surgery centres based on a reputational index. RESULTS: The first example points out the problems implied by presenting hospitals' clinical performance through league tables. Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, this study shows how the conclusions merely based on ranking--even when these are based on a sensible quality indicator--can be potentially misleading. As for the second case study, it is shown the inadequacy of the quality indicator (the reputation index) adopted. CONCLUSION: despite the growing awareness in the health services community of the technical problems implied by describing and comparing the quality of care provided by individual hospitals, "real life" examples of provision of information on quality of care by the mass media to the general public appear to be largely unsatisfactory and potentially misleading.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1989

Similarity of encoding context does not influence resistance to memory impairment following misinformation.

Several recent studies have shown that exposure to verbal misleading post-event information does not impair subjects' ability to retrieve originally seen details. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that subjects would be more susceptible to memory impairment if the original and misleading information were presented in similar contextual formats. The results showed that misleading information did not lead to memory impairment when both original and misleading information were presented in the context of slides (Experiment 1) or when both original and misleading information were presented in the context of narratives (Experiment 2). Furthermore, resistance to memory impairment was observed both at relatively low levels of memory for the original information (Experiment 1) and at relatively high levels of memory for the original information (Experiment 2). The implications of the present results for interference principles of forgetting are discussed.

Cues↗